Измерение длины нижних конечностей: обзор литературы

Background. Measurement of the length of the lower extremities is an important part of the assessment of the musculoskeletal system. If there is a discrepancy in the length of the legs, the accuracy of the measurement technique will determine the choice of further tactics for treating the patient. However, to date, there is no consensus among experts regarding the optimal and accurate method for assessing this clinical condition. The aim is to analyze foreign and domestic researches about measurement of limb length discrepancy and to determine the optimal method for measuring the lengths of the lower extremities. Methods. More than 70 scientific articles were selected from 1983 to 2021 in the PubMed/MEDLINE and eLIBRARY databases in Russian and English languages. Results. An analysis of the literature data did not reveal the optimal method for measuring the length of the lower extremities. Clinical evaluation procedures have demonstrated poor reproducibility and high measurement errors. Radiation imaging techniques also have measurement errors, additionally exerting radiation exposure on the patient. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound and MRI are described in several studies, which does not allow to fully determine all the advantages and disadvantages of these methods when measuring the lengths of the lower extremities. Conclusion. The study and development of new methods for diagnostics different lengths of the lower extremities, as well as the improvement of existing methods, will improve the quality of diagnosis of this pathological condition, and therefore affect the quality of the treatment for its correction.Актуальность. Измерение длины нижних конечностей является важным элементом оценки состояния опорно-двигательного аппарата. При выявлении несоответствия в длине ног точность методики измерения будет обуславливать выбор дальнейшей тактики лечения пациента. Однако на сегодняшний день не существует единого мнения специалистов относительно оптимальной и точной методики измерения длины нижних конечностей. Цель обзора на основании анализа зарубежной и отечественной литературы определить оптимальную методику измерения длины нижних конечностей. Материал и методы. Было отобрано более 70 научных статей с 1983 по 2021 г. в базах данных PubMed (MEDLINE) и eLIBRARY на русском и английском языках. Результаты. Анализ литературных данных не выявил оптимальной методики измерения длины нижних конечностей. Клинические методики оценки продемонстрировали плохую воспроизводимость и высокие погрешности измерений. Лучевые методики визуализации также не лишены погрешностей измерений, дополнительно оказывают на пациента лучевую нагрузку. Методики визуализации, такие как УЗИ и МРТ, описаны лишь в нескольких исследованиях, что не позволяет полноценно определить все их достоинства и недостатки при измерении длины нижних конечностей. Заключение. Изучение и разработка новых методик определения разной длины нижних конечностей, а также усовершенствование уже существующих методик позволят улучшить качество диагностики данного патологического состояния, а следовательно, повлиять на качество проводимого лечения

Diagnostics of evolution of risk collapse complications at student group with anomalous cardiovascular reaction

The description of investigation of predisposition to potential danger of collapse complications at 429 first-year students during physical training is presented using the analysis of pulse wave form. With the help of developed device the group of students with predisposition to risk of collapse complications during physical activity has been revealed. The results of clinical examination have confirmed the predisposition of the given group to risk of collapse complication

Diffusive dynamics and jamming in ensembles of robots with variable friction

In the present paper, we experimentally study the diffusive dynamics in ensembles of self-propelled and self-rotating bristle-bots. Considering the dependence of the system dynamics on the packing density of robots as well as on the friction between individual robots, we show that the friction slightly affects the diffusive dynamics but leads to a significant change in the jamming transition corresponding to the formation of rigid clusters of robots

Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age.

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

ALK-positive histiocytosis: a new clinicopathologic spectrum highlighting neurologic involvement and responses to ALK inhibition

ALK-positive histiocytosis is a rare subtype of histiocytic neoplasm first described in 2008 in three infants with multisystemic disease involving the liver and hematopoietic system. This entity has subsequently been documented in case reports and series to occupy a wider clinicopathologic spectrum with recurrent KIF5B-ALK fusions. The full clinicopathologic and molecular spectra of ALK-positive histiocytosis remain, however, poorly characterized. Here, we describe the largest study of ALK-positive histiocytosis to date, with detailed clinicopathologic data of 39 cases, including 37 cases with confirmed ALKrearrangements. The clinical spectrum comprised distinct clinical phenotypic groups: infants with multisystemic disease with liver and hematopoietic involvement, as originally described (Group 1A: 6/39), other patients with multisystemic disease (Group 1B: 10/39), and patients with single-system disease (Group 2: 23/39). Nineteen patients of the entire cohort (49%) had neurologic involvement (seven and twelve from Groups 1B and 2, respectively). Histology included classic xanthogranuloma features in almost one third of cases, whereas the majority displayed a more densely cellular, monomorphic appearance without lipidized histiocytes but sometimes more spindled or epithelioid morphology. Neoplastic histiocytes were positive for macrophage markers and often conferred strong expression of phosphorylated-ERK, confirming MAPK pathway activation. KIF5B-ALK fusions were detected in 27 patients, while CLTC-ALK, TPM3-ALK, TFG-ALK, EML4-ALK and DCTN1-ALK fusions were identified in single cases. Robust and durable responses were observed in 11/11 patients treated with ALK inhibition, ten with neurologic involvement. This study presents the existing clinicopathologic and molecular landscape of ALK-positive histiocytosis, and provides guidance for the clinical management of this emerging histiocytic entity.Molecular tumour pathology - and tumour genetic

Supernova neutrino detection in NOvA

The NOvA long-baseline neutrino experiment uses a pair of large, segmented, liquid-scintillator calorimeters to study neutrino oscillations, using GeV-scale neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. These detectors are also sensitive to the flux of neutrinos which are emitted during a core-collapse supernova through inverse beta decay interactions on carbon at energies of O(10 MeV). This signature provides a means to study the dominant mode of energy release for a core-collapse supernova occurring in our galaxy. We describe the data-driven software trigger system developed and employed by the NOvA experiment to identify and record neutrino data from nearby galactic supernovae. This technique has been used by NOvA to self-trigger on potential core-collapse supernovae in our galaxy, with an estimated sensitivity reaching out to 10 kpc distance while achieving a detection efficiency of 23% to 49% for supernovae from progenitor stars with masses of 9.6 M☉ to 27 M☉, respectively

Metallization and stiffness of the Li-intercalated MoS2 bilayer

Performed density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have shown that the Li adsorption on the MoS2 (0 0 0 1) surface, as well as Li intercalation into the space between MoS2 layers, transforms the semiconductor band structure of MoS2 into metallic. For the (√3 × √3) – R30° Li layer, the band structures of the MoS2 bilayer with adsorbed and intercalated Li are very similar, while for higher Li concentrations, the character of metallization for the adsorbed layer substantially differs from that of the MoS2–Li–MoS2 layered system. In particular, for the adsorbed (1 × 1) Li monolayer, the increased density of the layer leads to the nonmetal-to-metal transition, which is evident from the appearance of the band crossing EF with an upward dispersion, pertinent to simple metals. It has been demonstrated that intercalated Li substantially increases the interlayer interaction in MoS2. Specifically, the estimated 0.12 eV energy of the interlayer interaction in the MoS2 bilayer increases to 0.60 eV. This result is also consistent with results of earlier DFT calculations and available experimental results for alkali-intercalated graphene layers, which have demonstrated a substantial increase in the stiffness due to intercalation of alkalis

Pyre Fuel for the cremations of the middle of the first millennium AD in the middle volga region

The paper presents results of charcoal and macrofossil analysis of the cremation burial grounds of the Imenkovo culture that occupied the Middle Volga region in 400—650 CE. We analyzed assemblages from four necropolises: Bogorodski, Maklasheevka 4, Komarovka and a burial ground from Zhigulevsk 2 site. Charred remains were recorded at the bottom of burials, among cremated bones or in the in-fill of graves and mortuary vessels. The assemblages contained charcoal, caryopses and stems of millet and cereals, seeds and stems of grasses and weeds, and shoots of thorny shrubs. The size of the charcoal pieces did not exceed 3 cm, being much smaller in most burials. The species composition of charcoal from cremations indicates that all locally-available woody taxa were used for the funeral pyre, instead of choosing certain types of trees for ritual purposes. Thus, the composition of the cremation fuel reflected the vegetation composition of the encasing landscape. Dominant charred taxa in the Imenkovo cremations were Tilia and Betula (linden and birch), the typical components of the “slash-and-burn landscape” of the Middle Volga region during this period. Despite the fact that all the burial grounds were located at the higher grounds in the landscape, the presence of riverine taxa — Alnus, Salix, and Ulmus (willow, alder and elm) and abundance of charred herbaceous remains in the charcoal spectra points at floodplains or mouths of gullies as a probable location of cremation platforms. An important detail of the funeral rite, revealed by the research, is placing unhulled millet, soaked and germinated before cremation, into the funeral pyre