Improving the physical qualities of volleyball players using aerobics at the stage of specialized basic training

Purpose: theoretically develop and experimentally substantiate aerobic complexes to improve the physical qualities of volleyball players at the stage of specialized basic training. Material & Methods: 24 athletes of the main medical group (16-18 years old, girls and boys) took part in the experimental part of the study. 2 groups were formed, control and experimental with 12 athletes each. A set of scientific research methods was used: analysis of special scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: studied the current state of the training process and existing methods for improving the physical qualities of volleyball players at the stage of specialized basic training. Developed differentiated aerobic complexes for the development and improvement of the leading physical qualities of volleyball players. The effectiveness of using aerobics in the process of improving the physical qualities of volleyball players at the stage of specialized basic training has been confirmed. Conclusions: an increase in the level of development of the basic physical qualities of athletes was obtained. Indicators of coordination abilities increased by (7%), speed-strength (3,9–1,79%), strength (4,5%, 3,1% and 2,8%) and speed qualities (4,5–3,7%) and, as a result, an increase in endurance indicators (6,2%) and flexibility (6,5%).Мета: теоретично розробити та експериментально обґрунтувати комплекси аеробіки для вдосконалення фізичних якостей волейболістів на етапі спеціалізованої базової підготовки. Матеріал і методи: в експериментальній частині дослідження взяли участь 24 спортсмена основної медичної групи (16-18 років, дівчата і юнаки). Були сформовані 2 групи, контрольна і експериментальна по 12 спортсменів у кожній. Використаний комплекс наукових методів дослідження: аналіз спеціальної науково-методичної літератури, педагогічні спостереження, педагогічний експеримент, педагогічні тестування, методи математичної статистики. Результати: вивчено сучасний стан тренувального процесу і існуючі методики вдосконалення фізичних якостей волейболістів на етапі спеціалізованої базової підготовки. Розроблено диференційовані комплекси аеробіки для розвитку і вдосконалення провідних фізичних якостей волейболістів. Підтверджено ефективність використання коштів аеробіки в процесі вдосконалення фізичних якостей волейболістів на етапі спеціалізірованої базової підготовки. Висновки: отримано підвищення рівня розвитку основних фізичних якостей спортсменів. Показники координаційних здібностей підвищилися на (7%), швидкісно-силові (3,9-1,79%), силові (4,5%, 3,1% і 2,8%) і швидкісні якості (4,5-3 , 7%) і, як наслідок, відбулося підвищення показників витривалості (6,2%) і гнучкості (6,5%).Цель: теоретически разработать и экспериментально обосновать комплексы аэробики для совершенствования физических качеств волейболистов на этапе специали¬зированной базовой подготовки. Материал и методы: в экспериментальной части исследования приняли участие 24 спортсмена основной медицинской группы (16–18 лет, девушки и юноши). Были сформированы 2 группы, контрольная и экспериментальная по 12 спортсменов в каждой. Использован комплекс научных методов исследования: анализ специальной научно-методической ли¬тературы, педагогические наблюдения, педагогический эксперимент, педагогические тестирования, методы математической ста-тистики. Результаты: изучено современное состояние тренировочного процесса и существующие методики совершенствования физических качеств волейболистов на этапе специализированной базовой подготовки. Разработаны дифференцированные ком¬плексы аэробики для развития и совершенствования ведущих физических качеств волейболистов. Подтверждена эффективность использования средств аэробики в процессе совершенствования физических качеств волейболистов на этапе специализирован¬ной базовой подготовки. Выводы: получено повышение уровня развития основных физических качеств спортсменов. Показатели координационных способностей повысились на (7%), скоростно-силовые (3,9–1,79%), силовые (4,5%, 3,1% и 2,8%) и скоростные качества (4,5–3,7%) и, как следствие, произошло повышение показателей выносливости (6,2%) и гибкости (6,5%)

Forecast of socio-economic damage caused by flooding

Александр Волчек, Дмитрий Костюк, Дмитрий Петров и Николай Шешко. Прогноз социально-экономического ущерба от наводнени

Electronic structure of RE1-xAxMnO3 manganite films investigated by magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy

Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy was used to study the features of the electronic structure of an epitaxial La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 film in the range of 1.2 - 4 eV. The study of the temperature behavior of the MCD spectra made it possible to establish a correlation between the magnetooptical and transport properties of the sample. The data obtained were analyzed in comparison with MCD data for polycrystalline manganite films of various RE1-xAxMnO3 compositions. The MCD spectra of the films were compared with the spectra of the off-diagonal component of the permittivity tensor calculated from the data of the magneto-optical Kerr effect for films of the same composition. A unified set of ground and excited electronic states characteristic of RE1-xAxMnO3 manganites in the visible and near infrared ranges has been identified. These results are important for a qualitative theoretical description of the electronic structure of strongly correlated magnetic oxides.Comment: 5 figures, 2 table

THE SOLUTION OF PHYSICALLY NONLINEAR PROBLEMS OF BENDING VALVE PLATES

The algorithm of Kantorovich gradient method applied to nonlinear problems of construction mechanics and mechanics of deformable solids, proposed in [1], is applied to the study of the bending of physically nonlinear plates of variable thickness. This article should be considered as a logical development of the content of the work [2

Shock-induced melting and crystallization in titanium irradiated by ultrashort laser pulse

Modification of titanium microstructure after propagation of a melting shock wave (SW) generated by a femtosecond laser pulse is investigated experimentally and analyzed using hydrodynamic and atomistic simulations. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy with analysis of microdiffraction is used to determine the microstructure of subsurface layers of pure titanium sample before and after modification. We found that two layers of modified titanium are formed beneath the surface. A top surface polycrystalline layer of nanoscale grains is formed from a shock-molten layer via rapid crystallization. In a deeper subsurface layer, where the shock-induced melting becomes impossible due attenuation of SW, recrystallization of plastically deformed titanium leads to grain size changes in comparison with intact titanium. Molecular dynamics simulation of single-crystal titanium reveals that the SW front continues to melt/liquefy even after its temperature drops below the melting curve $T_m(P)$. The enormous shear stress generated in a narrow SW front leads to collapse/amorphization of the crystal lattice and formation of a supercooled metastable melt. Such melt crystallizes in an unloading tail of SW until its temperature becomes higher than $T_m(P)$ due to a rapid pressure drop. Later, crystallization of the subsurface molten layer will continue after the heat leaves it. After the shear stress drops below $\sim 12$GPa within the SW front, such the cold mechanical melting ceases giving place to the shock-induced plastic deformations. The depth of modification is limited by SW attenuation to the Hugoniot elastic limit, and can reach several micrometers. The obtained results reveal the basic physical mechanisms of surface hardening of metals by ultrashort laser pulses.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures. The work was reported at the 38 International Conference ELBRUS-2023 on March 1, 2023, and submitted to Physical Review Applie

Neurosurgeons Deliver Similar Quality Care Regardless of First Assistant Type: Resident Physician versus Nonphysician Surgical Assistant

OBJECTIVE: There are limited data evaluating the out-comes of attending neurosurgeons with different types of first assistants. This study considers a common neurosurgical procedure (single-level, posterior-only lumbar fusion surgery) and examines whether attending surgeons deliver equal patient outcomes, regardless of the type of first assistant (resident physician vs. nonphysician surgical assistant [NPSA]), among otherwise exact-matched patients. -METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed 3395 adult patients undergoing single-level, posterior-only lumbar fusion at a single academic medical center. Primary outcomes included readmissions, emergency department visits, reoperation, and mortality within 30 and 90 days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included discharge disposition, length of stay, and length of surgery. Coarsened exact matching was used to match patients on key demographics and baseline characteristics known to independently affect neurosurgical outcomes. -RESULTS: Among exact-matched patients (n [ 1402), there was no significant difference in adverse postsurgical events (readmission, emergency department visits, reoperation, or mortality) within 30 days or 90 days of the index operation between patients who had resident physicians and those who had NPSAs as first assistants. Patients who had resident physicians as first assistants demonstrated a longer length of stay (mean: 100.0 vs. 87.4 hours, P \u3c 0.001) and a shorter duration of surgery (mean: 187.4 vs. 213.8 minutes, P \u3c 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the percentage of patients discharged home. -CONCLUSIONS: For single-level posterior spinal fusion, in the setting described, there are no differences in short-term patient outcomes delivered by attending surgeons assisted by resident physicians versus NPSAs

Case of insulinoma detected in a patient after bariatric operation for morbid obesity

The prevalence of insulinomas is 1–3 cases per million population per year of which 4–14% tumor is malignant. Weight gain is one of the symptoms of the disease, often resulting in morbid obesity with indications for surgical treatment. The presented clinical case demonstrates the successful treatment of malignant insulinoma with the manifestation of hypoglycemic syndrome after carrying out biliopancreatic bypass with longitudinal gastrectomy for morbid obesity

Development of optically controlled living electrodes with long-projecting axon tracts for a synaptic brain-machine interface.

For implantable neural interfaces, functional/clinical outcomes are challenged by limitations in specificity and stability of inorganic microelectrodes. A biological intermediary between microelectrical devices and the brain may improve specificity and longevity through (i) natural synaptic integration with deep neural circuitry, (ii) accessibility on the brain surface, and (iii) optogenetic manipulation for targeted, light-based readout/control. Accordingly, we have developed implantable living electrodes, living cortical neurons, and axonal tracts protected within soft hydrogel cylinders, for optobiological monitoring/modulation of brain activity. Here, we demonstrate fabrication, rapid axonal outgrowth, reproducible cytoarchitecture, and simultaneous optical stimulation and recording of these tissue engineered constructs in vitro. We also present their transplantation, survival, integration, and optical recording in rat cortex as an in vivo proof of concept for this neural interface paradigm. The creation and characterization of these functional, optically controllable living electrodes are critical steps in developing a new class of optobiological tools for neural interfacing

Chronic fibrosing progressing interstitial lung disease: a decision of Multidisciplinary Expert Board

The natural course of some interstitial lung diseases (ILD) is characterized by progressive fibrosing phenotype resembling idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Until recently, the antifibrotic drug nintedanib was approved for treatment of the only fibrosing ILD which was IPF. A new indication for this drug which has been registered in Russian Federation in 2021 includes other fibrosing ILDs with progressive phenotype (PF-ILDs) and ILD associated with systemic scleroderma (SS-ILD). The aim of this publication is to describe general considerations of the decision of Multidisciplinary Expert Board on diagnosis and treatment of PF-ILDs including SS-ILD. Results. According to the extension in nintedanib use mentioned above, the Expert Board created an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of patients with PF-ILDs and criteria for nuntedanib administration in PF-ILDs. Conclusion. Antifibrotic therapy is needed for patients with PF-ILDs with the failure of the stanrard therapy. In those patients antifibrotic treatment should be initiated as early as possible to better preserve the lung functionПри формировании фибротических изменений в легких многие интерстициальные заболевания легких (ИЗЛ) могут приобретать прогрессирующее течение. По прогнозу выживаемости, риску летальности и обострений такой фенотип ИЗЛ при отсутствии антифибротической терапии очень близок к идиопатическому легочному фиброзу. В 2020 г. в Российской Федерации разрешено использование антифибротического препарата нинтеданиб при фиброзирующих ИЗЛ с прогрессирующим фиброзным фенотипом (ПФФ) и при ИЗЛ, связанных с системной склеродермией. Целью работы Междисциплинарного Совета экспертов явилось ознакомление с основными положениями резолюции Междисциплинарного Совета экспертов о диагностике и лечении ИЗЛ ПФФ. Результаты. В декабре 2020 г. состоялся Междисциплинарный Совет экспертов, по результатам работы которого разработаны алгоритм диагностики и ведения пациентов с ИЗЛ ПФФ и критерии отбора больных для назначения антифибротической терапии. Заключение. Установлено, что в случае когда при стандартной терапии ИЗЛ ПФФ клиническое состояние пациента и легочная функция и / или фибротические изменения в легких по данным компьютерной томографии высокого разрешения не стабилизируются, показана антифибротическая терапия нинтеданибом. Начиная антифибротическую терапию в возможно более ранние сроки заболевания, можно замедлить прогрессирующее снижение легочной функции при более сохранных исходных показателях