Tetravalent chromium doped laser materials and NIR tunable lasers

A method is described to improve and produce purer Cr.sup.4+-doped laser materials and lasers with reduced co-incorporation of chromium in any other valence states, such as Cr.sup.3+, Cr.sup.2+, Cr.sup.5+, and Cr.sup.6+. The method includes: 1) certain crystals of olivine structure with large cation (Ca) in octahedral sites such as Cr.sup.4+:Ca.sub.2GeO.sub.4, Cr.sup.4+:Ca.sub.2SiO.sub.4, Cr.sup.4+:Ca.sub.2Ge.sub.xSi.sub.1-xO.sub.4 (where 0<x<1), and/or 2) high-temperature solution growth techniques that enable the growth of the crystals below the temperature of polymorphic transitions by using low melting point solvent based on oxide, fluoride and/or chloride compounds. Purer Cr.sup.4+-doped laser materials are characterized by a relatively high concentration of Cr.sup.4+-lasing ion in crystalline host that makes these materials suitable for compact high power (thin disk/wedge) NIR laser applications

Cr.sup.4+-doped mixed alloy laser materials and lasers and methods using the materials

A laser medium includes a single crystal of Cr.sup.4+:Mg.sub.2-xM.sub.xSi.sub.1-yA.sub.yO.sub.4, where, where M is a bivalent ion having an ionic radius larger than Mg.sup.2+, and A is a tetravalent ion having an ionic radius larger than Si.sup.4+. In addition, either a) 0.ltoreq.x<2 and 0<y<1 or b) 0<x<2 and y is 0 or 1 with the proviso that if M is Ca.sup.2+ and x=1 then y is not 0. The laser medium can be used in a laser device, such as a tunable near infrared (NIR) laser

Cr.sup.3+-doped laser materials and lasers and methods of making and using

A laser medium includes a single crystal of chromium-doped LiSc.sub.l-xIn.sub.xGe.sub.1-ySi.sub.yO.sub.4, where 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1 and 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1. Preferably, x and y are not both 0. A laser, such as a tunable near infrared laser, can contain the laser medium

Masa i udeo osnovnih delova trupa kokoši nosilja iz alternativnih sistema gajenja

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of rearing system on mass and proportion of the main parts of carcasses of hens from alternative rearing systems: floor and organic. The tested genotypes were hybrid Isa Brown and races combined production capacity New Hampshire. Based on the results of this research, can be concluded that the rearing system had no a significant impact to any of the investigated traits. On the other hand, the effect of genotype was significant on weight classically dressed carcass, as well as the mass of all the main parts of the carcass, wings share and back and pelvis share. The percentage of classically dressed carcass, yield of breasts, thighs and drumsticks was not significantly influenced by genotype.Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita uticaj sistema gajenja na masu i udeo osnovnih delova trupova kokoši nosilja iz alternativnih sistema gajenja: podnog i organskog. Ispitivani genotipovi su bili laki linijski hibrid Isa Brown i rasa kombinovanih proizvodnih sposobnosti New Hampshire. Na osnovu rezultata ovih istraživanja, može se zaključiti da sistem gajenja nije imao značajan uticaj ni na jednu od ispitivanih osobina. Sa druge strane, uticaj genotipa bio je značajan na masu klasično obrađenog trupa, kao i na masu svih osnovnih delova trupa, udeo krila i leđa i karlice. Randman klasično obrađenog trupa, udeo grudi, bataka i karabataka nije bio pod značajnim uticajem genotipa

EFEKAT ENZIMA PROTEAZE NA PRINOS I UDEO JESTIVIH PRATEĆIH PROIZVODA KLANJA PILIĆA HIBRIDA MASTER GRIS

The effect of supplemental protease (Ronozyme ProAct) in broiler diet on the weights and percentage yields of slaughter by-products of male and female mediumgrowing Master Gris broiler chickens was analysed. Fattening period lasted for 63 days. Broilers were assigned to 3 experimental groups, each consisting of 100 birds. Experimental groups differed in protease levels used in their diets: control broilers (C) received complete feeds (starter, grower and finisher) without supplemental protease; chickens in the experimental group E-I were given a diet containing 0.2% protease and crude protein levels reduced by 4% compared with the control group, whereas experimental E-II broilers were fed a diet supplemented with 0.3% protease and containing crude protein levels reduced by 6% compared with C birds. The analysis of the results showed that feeding treatments had a very small effect on the weights and proportion yields of edible by-products (with difference only in the percentage yield of liver relative to live weight between C and E-I broilers, P<0.05), whereas sex was found to affect almost all slaughter by-products (except abdominal fat weight and the percentage yield of gizzard relative to live weight, P>0.05).Publishe

Unutrašnji kvalitet jaja kokoši nosilja iz različitih sistema gajenja

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different rearing systems: conventional - cage, free range and organic system of production of laying hens on the parameters of the internal quality of eggs: yolk color, albumen height and Haugh unit score. Eggs from both rearing systems with outlet had less intensive colored yolk than conventional - cage produced eggs. On the other hand, eggs from free range system had a lowest albumen height of egg and Haugh unit score compared to both eggs - from cage and eggs from organic production systems, which do not significantly differ in these parameters.Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita uticaj različitih sistema gajenja: konvencionalnog - kaveznog, sistema gajenja sa ispustom - tzv. "free range" i organskog sistama držanja kokoši nosilja na parametre unutrašnjeg kvaliteta jaja: boju žumanca, visinu belanca i broj Hogovih jedinica. Jaja iz oba sistema gajenja sa ispustom imala slabiji intenzitet obojenosti žumanca od konvencionalno - kavezno proizvedenih jaja. Sa druge strane, jaja iz sistema gajenja sa ispustom su imala manju visinu belanca i broj Hogovih jedinica i u poređenju sa jajima iz kaveznog i sa jajima iz organskog sistema proizvodnje, koja se međusobno nisu značajno razlikovala u navedenim parametrima

KVALITET JAJA ORGANSKIH KOKOŠI NOSILJA U RAZLIČITIM FAZAMA PROIZVODNOG CIKLUSA

The aim of this study was to determine the eggs and eggshell quality of organic laying hens at different stages of the one-year production cycle. Based on the results of these studies, it can be concluded that the organic eggs of 24-week-old Isa Brown layers had lower weight and a higher shape index than the eggs of 48- and 72-week-old hens. On the other hand, the eggs of 24- and 48-week-old laying hens had a higher albumen height and Haugh units, and less colored yolks compared to the eggs of 72-week-old hens. In terms of eggshell quality, 24-week-old hen eggs had a higher proportion, thickness and breaking strength and less shell deformation compared to 48- and 72-week-old hen eggs.Publishe

ENZYMES IN BROILER NUTRITION

The paper presents the most important aspects of the action of exogenous enzymes (amylase, xylanase, glucanase, cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, phytase and protease) added to broiler feed. The addition of broiler feed enzymes has nutritional, health, economic and environmental justification. The use of complexes of exogenous enzymes (enzyme cocktails) as additives to complete mixtures for feeding broiler chickens in different phases of fattening, significantly increases the availability of reserve polysaccharides, fats, proteins and some minerals, better energy efficiency from food, better health of chickens, better quality carcasses and chicken meat, reducing the cost of feeding fattening chickens (and thus the total cost of production), as well as reducing environmental pollution and is one of the easiest feasible alternatives to improve the profitability of production in poultry.Publishe

Graphene quantum dots show protective effect on a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

29th Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP), Sep 17-20, 2016, Vienna, Austri