Role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of selected diseases of the oral cavity

Disertační práce. Role genetických faktorů v etiopatogenezi vybraných onemocnění dutiny ústní Autor. Petra Bořilová Linhartová Brno 2014 Abstrakt Úvod. Genetické faktory hrají významnou roli v etiopatogenezi řady onemocnění dutiny ústní. Pro analýzu kandidátních lokusů jsme vybrali následující onemocnění: zubní kaz, parodontitidu u pacientů s/bez diabetu mellitu a zánětlivou zevní kořenovou resorpci (EARR) po ortodontické léčbě. Metody. Disertační práce je koncipovaná jako komentovaný soubor 8 prací autorky (6 již zveřejněných prací a 2 článků v recenzním řízení) a 2 rukopisů připravovaných k odeslání. Kromě jednoho systematického review se jednalo o studie případů a zdravých kontrol (case-control study). Metodicky byla genetická analýza postavena na principu polymerázové řetězové reakce (PCR). Výsledky. Zatímco při studiu genetické determinace zubního kazu jsme neprokázali asociaci jenonukleotidového polymorfizmu (SNP) v genu pro laktoferin s rozvojem a/nebo závažností kazu, alela "2" VNTR polymorfizmu v genu pro antagonistu interleukin-1 receptoru (IL-1RN) se ukázala riziková pro vznik EARR u dívek (P=0,02). Neprokázali jsme významnou asociaci alel, genotypů nebo haplotypů vybraných SNPs v IL-18 genu s chronickou parodontitidou (CP), stejně tak ani frekvence 2 SNPs v genu pro apolipoprotein E nebyly...Dissertation thesis. Role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of selected diseases of the oral cavity Author. Petra Bořilová Linhartová Brno 2014 Abstract Background. Genetic factors play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases affecting the oral cavity. Genetic analysis of candidate loci was conducted in the most common oral diseases: dental caries, periodontitis in patients with/without diabetes mellitus and root resorption (EARR) after orthodontic treatment. Methods. The thesis comprises a set of eight studies (six already published articles and two articles submitted for review) and two unpublished manuscripts prepared for submitting. With the exception of one systematic review, all articles were designed as case-control studies. Genetic analysis was based on the polymerase chain reaction principle (PCR). Results. While the genetic determination of dental caries did not confirm a significant association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the lactotransferrin gene and caries development and/or severity, allele 2 in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) proved to be a risk for EARR in girls (P=0.02). No significant associations between alleles, genotypes or haplotypes of the selected SNPs in the IL-18 gene and chronic periodontitis were found; similarly...Katedra buněčné biologieDepartment of Cell BiologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

The Role of the Oral Microbiota in the Etiopathogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Dysbiosis in the oral environment may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the association of oral microbiota with OSCC and to describe possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms involved in processes of OSCC development and progression. Association studies included in this review were designed as case-control/case studies, analyzing the bacteriome, mycobiome, and virome from saliva, oral rinses, oral mucosal swabs, or oral mucosal tissue samples (deep and superficial) and comparing the results in healthy individuals to those with OSCC and/or with premalignant lesions. Changes in relative abundances of specific bacteria (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sp.) and fungi (especially Candida sp.) were associated with OSCC. Viruses can also play a role; while the results of studies investigating the role of human papillomavirus in OSCC development are controversial, Epstein-Barr virus was positively correlated with OSCC. The oral microbiota has been linked to tumorigenesis through a variety of mechanisms, including the stimulation of cell proliferation, tumor invasiveness, angiogenesis, inhibition of cell apoptosis, induction of chronic inflammation, or production of oncometabolites. We also advocate for the necessity of performing a complex analysis of the microbiome in further studies and of standardizing the sampling procedures by establishing guidelines to support future meta-analyses

University textbook on oral mucosal diseases

This textbook is primarily intended for students of dental medicine, it can also be useful for the students of general medicine whom it can help in clinical and field practice. The term “diseases of the oral mucosa” describes a diverse group of diseases of various aetiologies and seriousness and this issue is closely related to dermatovenerological, otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological, rheumatological and internal diseases. The dentist may often be the first physician noticing and possibly diagnosing a general disease based on symptoms of the oral cavity. The new extended edition reflects the improving knowledge of the etiopathological processes of oral mucosal diseases on the molecular level and the ever increasing range of diagnostic laboratory tests and/or therapeutic options

Repetitorium onemocnění sliznice ústní dutiny

Title in English: University textbook on oral mucosal diseases. The textbook is primarily intended for students of dental medicine, it can also be useful for the students of general medicine whom it can help in clinical and field practice. The term “diseases of the oral mucosa” describes a diverse group of diseases of various aetiologies and seriousness and this issue is closely related to dermatovenerological, otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological, rheumatological and internal diseases. The dentist may often be the first physician noticing and possibly diagnosing a general disease based on symptoms of the oral cavity. The new extended edition reflects the improving knowledge of the etiopathological processes of oral mucosal diseases on the molecular level and the ever increasing range of diagnostic laboratory tests and/or therapeutic options

Human Infections by Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica: A Mini-Review and the First Report of a Burn Wound Infection after Accidental Myiasis in Central Europe

Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica are bacteria that cause rare infections, typically associated with the infestation of an open wound with fly larvae. Here, we present a unique case report of the first W. chitiniclastica isolation from a burn wound with accidental myiasis in a 63-year-old homeless man and a literature review focused on human infections caused by these bacteria. So far, 23 cases of infection with W. chitiniclastica have been reported; in 52% of these, larvae were found in the wound area. Most of these cases suffered from chronic non-healing wound infections but none of these were burn injuries. The overall fatality rate associated directly with W. chitiniclastica in these cases was 17%. Infections with parasitic larvae occur in moderate climates (especially in people living in poor conditions); therefore, an infection with rare bacteria associated with accidental myiasis, such as W. chitiniclastica, can be expected to become more common there. Thus, in view of the absence of recommendations regarding the treatment of patients with accidental myiasis and, therefore, the risk of infection with W. chitiniclastica or other rare pathogens, we provide a list of recommendations for the treatment of such patients. The importance of meticulous microbial surveillance using molecular biological methods to facilitate the detection of rare pathogens is emphasized

Role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of selected diseases of the oral cavity

Dissertation thesis. Role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of selected diseases of the oral cavity Author. Petra Bořilová Linhartová Brno 2014 Abstract Background. Genetic factors play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases affecting the oral cavity. Genetic analysis of candidate loci was conducted in the most common oral diseases: dental caries, periodontitis in patients with/without diabetes mellitus and root resorption (EARR) after orthodontic treatment. Methods. The thesis comprises a set of eight studies (six already published articles and two articles submitted for review) and two unpublished manuscripts prepared for submitting. With the exception of one systematic review, all articles were designed as case-control studies. Genetic analysis was based on the polymerase chain reaction principle (PCR). Results. While the genetic determination of dental caries did not confirm a significant association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the lactotransferrin gene and caries development and/or severity, allele 2 in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) proved to be a risk for EARR in girls (P=0.02). No significant associations between alleles, genotypes or haplotypes of the selected SNPs in the IL-18 gene and chronic periodontitis were found; similarly..

Role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of selected diseases of the oral cavity

Dissertation thesis. Role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of selected diseases of the oral cavity Author. Petra Bořilová Linhartová Brno 2014 Abstract Background. Genetic factors play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases affecting the oral cavity. Genetic analysis of candidate loci was conducted in the most common oral diseases: dental caries, periodontitis in patients with/without diabetes mellitus and root resorption (EARR) after orthodontic treatment. Methods. The thesis comprises a set of eight studies (six already published articles and two articles submitted for review) and two unpublished manuscripts prepared for submitting. With the exception of one systematic review, all articles were designed as case-control studies. Genetic analysis was based on the polymerase chain reaction principle (PCR). Results. While the genetic determination of dental caries did not confirm a significant association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the lactotransferrin gene and caries development and/or severity, allele 2 in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) proved to be a risk for EARR in girls (P=0.02). No significant associations between alleles, genotypes or haplotypes of the selected SNPs in the IL-18 gene and chronic periodontitis were found; similarly..

Onemocnění sliznice ústní dutiny – repetitorium a atlas

Multimediální publikace Onemocnění sliznice ústní dutiny – repetitorium a atlas zahrnuje učební text a k němu příslušející obrazovou databázi patologických stavů na sliznicích dutiny ústní. Úvodní kapitoly zahrnují obecné poznatky o ústních sliznicích. Dále následují kapitoly týkající se jednotlivých onemocnění včetně diferenciálně diagnostických poznámek. Publikace je určena studentům programu Zubní lékařství a Všeobecné lékařství.This electronic publication includes a textbook and an associated image database of pathological conditions on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. The introductory chapters include general knowledge about the oral mucosa. The following are chapters on individual diseases, including differential diagnostic notes

16S rRNA gene primer choice impacts off-target amplification in human gastrointestinal tract biopsies and microbiome profiling

Abstract 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing or, more recently, metatranscriptomic analysis are currently the only preferred methods for microbial profiling of samples containing a predominant ratio of human to bacterial DNA. However, due to the off-target amplification of human DNA, current protocols are inadequate for bioptic samples. Here we present an efficient, reliable, and affordable method for the bacteriome analysis of clinical samples human DNA content predominates. We determined the microbiota profile in a total of 40 human biopsies of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing with the widely used 515F-806R (V4) primers targeting the V4 region, 68F-338R primers and a modified set of 68F-338R (V1-V2M) primers targeting the V1–V2 region. With the V4 primers, on average 70% of amplicon sequence variants (ASV) mapped to the human genome. On the other hand, this off-target amplification was absent when using the V1–V2M primers. Moreover, the V1–V2M primers provided significantly higher taxonomic richness and reproducibility of analysis compared to the V4 primers. We conclude that the V1–V2M 16S rRNA sequencing method is reliable, cost-effective, and applicable for low-bacterial abundant human samples in medical research