Exercise dependence among customers from a Parisian sport shop

Abstract Aim of the study: We assessed exercise dependence (ED), alcohol and nicotine use disorders, eating disorders, hypochondria and compulsive buying and in a population of customers of a Parisian sport shop. Methods: Five hundred consecutive customers of a sport shop were invited to participate. Diagnostic of exercise dependence was made with the Exercise Addiction Inventory and a specific questionnaire checking all diagnostic criteria. The DSM-IV-TR criteria for bulimia, alcohol and nicotine use disorders were checked and all subjects answered the CAGE and Fagerström questionnaires. Hypochondria was assessed with the DSM-IV-TR criteria and the Whiteley Index of Health Anxiety. For all parameters, customers with (ED+) and without (ED-) exercise dependence were compared. Results: The prevalence of exercise dependence was 29.6%. Subjects from the ED+ group were younger than in the ED-group (27.1 vs 29.8 years) and there were more women. They were more dependent on alcohol, had higher scores at the CAGE questionnaire. ED+ subjects more often presented hypochondria (23 vs 15%), bulimia and binge eating and they more often made gifts to themselves and to others. Conclusions: Exercise dependence appears as a frequent and almost always unrecognized form of behavioral dependence in non clinical population frequenting sport shops. It is frequently associated to chemical dependence and eating disorders

Les psychoses induites par la cocaïne

Introduction : La cocaïne fait désormais partie des principaux produits illicites consommés. Son usage touche principalement les sujets âgés entre 17 et 34 ans. L addiction à la cocaïne est associée à d importantes conséquences et comorbidités psychiatriques. La relation entre état délirant et cocaïne a fait l objet de peu de travaux.Matériel et méthode : Une revue de littérature a été réalisée. Nous avons sélectionné différents articles scientifiques de langue anglaise et française, publiés entre 1969 et 2009, en consultant les bases de données Medline, EMBASE, psycINFO, et google scholar. Les mots clés utilisés seuls ou en association sont les suivants : cocaine , cocaine psychosis , pharmacopsychosis , craving , abuse , et dependence .Résultats : Différents facteurs de risque ont été identifiés. Sur un terrain prédisposé, la prise de cocaïne peut être responsable d un trouble psychotique aigu transitoire. Ce tableau clinique débute dès les premières heures suivant la prise, se manifestent sous différentes formes et s amendent en moins de 48 heures après l arrêt de la consommation. La prise en charge doit être intégrée. Elle repose sur la combinaison d un traitement antipsychotique, la mise en place d un sevrage thérapeutique en cocaïne, et une prévention de la rechute. Des cas cliniques illustreront notre propos. Conclusion : Les psychoses induites par la cocaine constituent une entité bien définie au sein des pharmacopsychoses. Il est cependant nécessaire de développer d'autres travaux de recherche.ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Geographically-Distributed Databases: A Big Data Technology for Production Analysis in the Oil & Gas Industry

International audienceThe paper discusses some reported shortcomings of state-of-the-start IT technologies currently employed in the data management of Oil & Gas production operations. Most current IT infrastructures connect historian databases, production databases and application servers. This creates complex issues of data consistency between these systems. In the discussion, a particular focus is put on the geographically-distributed nature of the network which suffers from low-bandwidth limitations and un-reliabilities, e.g. due to satellite communication links.Taking the production engineers’ viewpoint, an example of production allocation using Data Validation and Reconciliation (DVR) serves to stress the malicious impacts of the described architecture. Production allocation represents one of the various monitoring and analysis tasks that are performed, on a daily basis, at the centralized level of data management systems. A quantitative study shows that the problem of mis-synchronization of databases is of great practical importance.We propose solutions to improve the robustness to communication outages. To improve data consistency across sites in a decentralized manner, the paper exposes the key concepts of distributed storage, message-based communication, and clustering. More generally, the paper proposes to shine a light on the potential relevance of several recent advances in the scientific field of “big-data” to the world of Oil & Gas upstream industry. These off-the-shelf technologies must be specifically tailored to geographically-distributed networks. The specificities are detailed, the necessary development work is outlined, and the potential qualitative benefits are estimated. A possible implementation is sketched

Le soleil dans la peau : l'homme et le soleil : un lien amoureux, un lien dangereux

International audienceL'homme et le soleil : un lien amoureux, un lien dangereux.Depuis les premiers pas de l'homme, le soleil fait partie intégrante de sa vie et même de sa survie. Mais cette relation vitale est aussi risquée, comme en témoigne l'augmentation exponentielle des cancers de la peau. De fait, malgré les messages d'alerte concernant sa santé, l'homme a bien des difficultés à se passer de cette relation qui lui procure également bien-être et plaisirs. Sans oublier les apparentes contradictions des discours médicaux qui préviennent des risques de maladie et tout à la fois vantent les qualités anticancéreuses de la vitamine D induite par le soleil. Comment se faire plaisir sans mettre sa vie en danger ? Comment bénéficier des effets positifs et éviter les effets négatifs du soleil ? Quelles stratégies préventives devons-nous privilégier pour conserver notre capital solaire ? Ce livre pluridisciplinaire est né de la nécessité de proposer une nouvelle voie pédagogique pour inciter chacun à adopter un comportement solaire responsable et minimiser les risques sanitaires inhérents aux expositions solaires inadaptées. Il vous propose autour de cet organe méconnu qu'est la peau, reflet de nos origines, de notre affect, de notre bonheur, de nos tourments, de notre essence même, un voyage dans quatre dimensions : - l'astrophysique, qui s'interroge sur les mutations de notre carte d'identité chimique depuis les premiers temps de notre univers ; - l'anthropologie, qui nous permet de comprendre comment l'Homme a coexisté au tout début avec le soleil, puis comment dans son exil en Europe, il a dû s'adapter à la raréfaction des rayons ultraviolets nécessaires à la bonne marche de son métabolisme ; - la dermatologie, nécessaire pour établir les paramètres qui vous identifient en tant que candidat à risque ou non ; - l'addictologie, car le bronzage devient pathologique quand il est poursuivi et répété malgré la connaissance de l'augmentation de problèmes sociaux, psychologiques et physiques induits par cette pratiqu

Cannabis use: what to do in general practice?

Cannabis use is now more frequent than alcohol drinking or tobacco smoking among young people (15-34years), whereas it may induce numerous medical aftermaths. Identifying and assessing cannabis use in general practice have become a current public health issue. The two steps of screening consist in spotting risky use of cannabis, and then in checking criteria for cannabis use disorder (CUD). Risky use requires a "brief intervention" by the general practitioner (GP). In case of CUD, the new DSM-5 criteria allow measuring the severity of the subsequent disorder, and listing the medical and social consequences. Using these criteria can help the GP to decide when the patient should be referred to an addiction-specialized unit. The GP has also to spot the different physical and psychiatric complications of cannabis use, in order to coordinate care between the different specialists

Sexual Addiction or Hypersexual Disorder: Different Terms for the Same Problem? A Review of The Literature

Sexual addiction, which is also known as hypersexual disorder, has largely been ignored by psychiatrists, even though the condition causes serious psychosocial problems for many people. A lack of empirical evidence on sexual addiction is the result of the disease's complete absence from versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, people who were categorized as having a compulsive, impulsive, addictive sexual disorder or a hypersexual disorder reported having obsessive thoughts and behaviors as well as sexual fantasies. Existing prevalence rates of sexual addiction-related disorders range from 3% to 6%. Sexual addiction/hypersexual disorder is used as an umbrella construct to encompass various types of problematic behaviors, including excessive masturbation, cybersex, pornography use, sexual behavior with consenting adults, telephone sex, strip club visitation, and other behaviors. The adverse consequences of sexual addiction are similar to the consequences of other addictive disorders. Addictive, somatic and psychiatric disorders coexist with sexual addiction. In recent years, research on sexual addiction has proliferated, and screening instruments have increasingly been developed to diagnose or quantify sexual addiction disorders. In our systematic review of the existing measures, 22 questionnaires were identified. As with other behavioral addictions, the appropriate treatment of sexual addiction should combine pharmacological and psychological approaches. Psychiatric and somatic comorbidities that frequently occur with sexual addiction should be integrated into the therapeutic process. Group-based treatments should also be attempted

Impact of Molar Furcations on Photodynamic Therapy Outcomes: A 6-Month Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial

International audienceThe effectiveness of adjunctive photodynamic treatment (PDT) to non-surgical periodontal therapy has been shown to depend on initial periodontal status. As molar furcation involvement impairs healing response to non-surgical periodontal therapy, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of furcation involvement on PDT outcomes. Thirty-six patients suffering from severe chronic periodontitis were included in a 6-month split-mouth randomized clinical trial. PDT applications used the toluidine blue O and a light-emitting diode (LED) with a red spectrum. Repeated PDT applications were performed in addition to non-surgical periodontal treatment at baseline and at 3-months. Pocket probing depth (PPD), plaque index, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline, and again at 3- and 6-months. Furcation sites of molars were compared to other sites of molars and non-molars. Multilevel analysis showed no PDT effect in molar furcation sites while an additional significant reduction (odds ratio = 0.67) of pockets with PPD > 5 mm in other sites at 3-months was measured. PPD reduction appeared delayed in molar furcation sites treated with PDT. There is no additional apparent benefit to use PDT in molar furcation sites for the reduction of pockets with PPD > 5 mm contrary to other sites

The sparing effect of FLASH-RT on synaptic plasticity is maintained in mice with standard fractionation.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) was used to gauge the impact of conventional and FLASH dose rates on synaptic transmission. Data collected from the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex confirmed significant inhibition of LTP after 10 fractions of 3 Gy (30 Gy total) conventional radiotherapy. Remarkably, 10x3Gy FLASH radiotherapy and unirradiated controls were identical and exhibited normal LTP