Utrymning och vägval i Virtual Reality

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether evacuating people can be directed by using red and green flashing lights. This was investigated by evacuation experiments in two different virtual environments conducted in the Virtual Reality Lab in Lund. The purpose of the first experiment was to examine whether people make the same choice of exits in Virtual Reality as in real evacuation experiments in simple environments with flashing lights. In the secound experiment subjects were faced with three different situations where they could choose between two exits with flashing lights in red or green. In the first experiment 30 subjects participated and the result showed that there was no significant difference between the real and virtual experiment. In the secound experiment 40 subjects participated and the results showed that 35 subjects consistent chose exits with green lights and that the exits with green lights were perceived as the most secure choice

An in vivo neovascularization assay for screening regulators of angiogenesis and assessing their effects on pre-existing vessels

Therapeutic regulation of tissue vascularization has appeared as an attractive approach to treat a number of human diseases. In vivo neovascularization assays that reflect physiological and pathological formation of neovessels are important in this effort. In this report we present an assay where the effects of activators and inhibitors of angiogenesis can be quantitatively and qualitatively measured. A provisional matrix composed of collagen I and fibrin was formed in a plastic cylinder and implanted onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane. A nylon mesh separated the implanted matrix from the underlying tissue to distinguish new from pre-existing vessels. Vascularization of the matrix in response to fibroblast growth factor-2 or platelet-derived growth factor-BB was scored in a double-blinded manner, or vessel density was measured using a semi-automated image analysis procedure. Thalidomide, fumagillin, U0126 and TGFβ inhibited neovessel growth while hydrocortisone exerted a negative and wortmannin a toxic effect on the pre-existing vasculature. This quantitative, inexpensive and rapid in vivo angiogenesis assay might be a valuable tool in screening and characterizing factors that influence wound or tumor induced vascularization and in assessing their effects on the normal vasculatur

The Roles of Growth Factor Interactions and Mechanical Tension in Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones through creation of new vessel branch points by sprouting or vessel splitting, is an important part of tissue growth in both physiological processes like wound healing and pathological conditions such as cancer. Growth factors like VEGF-A, FGF-2 and PDGF-BB are involved in both types of angiogenesis. Screening for genes regulated by VEGF-A stimulation in endothelial cells revealed up regulation of the endothelial cell specific glycoprotein endocan. Endocan itself did not stimulate angiogenesis. VEGF was a specific inducer since FGF-2, PDGF-BB, HGF and EGF did not alter expression. The signaling molecule PI3K was a negative regulator of endocan expression. Endocan was expressed in tumor cells and vessels, suggesting that although endocan did not directly regulate angiogenesis it can serve as a marker for angiogenic tumors. In two models of wound healing angiogenesis, the chick extra-embryonal CAM assay and the mouse cornea assay, we observed that blood vessels grew into avascular areas as functional mural cell covered loops by elongation of preexisting vessels. Loop formation was simultaneous with contraction of the avascular matrix mediated by proto/myofibroblasts. Reducing the contractibility of the stroma reduced vessel ingrowth, showing that contraction was necessary for mediating and directing growth of the vascular loops. These findings suggest a model for biomechanical regulation of vascularization that is complementary to sprouting angiogenesis which is guided by gradients of growth factors. In defining the role of growth factors, in the CAM assay, we found that FGF-2 and PDGF-BB induced vessel ingrowth, while VEGF-A, EGF and HGF did not. TGF-beta reduced the effect of FGF-2. By use of specific receptor kinase inhibitors we found an absolute requirement VEGF- and PDGF-receptor activity for vascularization while FGF- and TGF-beta-receptor function was dispensable. This suggests that functional VEGF- and PDGF-receptors are needed for vessel elongation.

The Roles of Growth Factor Interactions and Mechanical Tension in Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones through creation of new vessel branch points by sprouting or vessel splitting, is an important part of tissue growth in both physiological processes like wound healing and pathological conditions such as cancer. Growth factors like VEGF-A, FGF-2 and PDGF-BB are involved in both types of angiogenesis. Screening for genes regulated by VEGF-A stimulation in endothelial cells revealed up regulation of the endothelial cell specific glycoprotein endocan. Endocan itself did not stimulate angiogenesis. VEGF was a specific inducer since FGF-2, PDGF-BB, HGF and EGF did not alter expression. The signaling molecule PI3K was a negative regulator of endocan expression. Endocan was expressed in tumor cells and vessels, suggesting that although endocan did not directly regulate angiogenesis it can serve as a marker for angiogenic tumors. In two models of wound healing angiogenesis, the chick extra-embryonal CAM assay and the mouse cornea assay, we observed that blood vessels grew into avascular areas as functional mural cell covered loops by elongation of preexisting vessels. Loop formation was simultaneous with contraction of the avascular matrix mediated by proto/myofibroblasts. Reducing the contractibility of the stroma reduced vessel ingrowth, showing that contraction was necessary for mediating and directing growth of the vascular loops. These findings suggest a model for biomechanical regulation of vascularization that is complementary to sprouting angiogenesis which is guided by gradients of growth factors. In defining the role of growth factors, in the CAM assay, we found that FGF-2 and PDGF-BB induced vessel ingrowth, while VEGF-A, EGF and HGF did not. TGF-beta reduced the effect of FGF-2. By use of specific receptor kinase inhibitors we found an absolute requirement VEGF- and PDGF-receptor activity for vascularization while FGF- and TGF-beta-receptor function was dispensable. This suggests that functional VEGF- and PDGF-receptors are needed for vessel elongation.

The Roles of Growth Factor Interactions and Mechanical Tension in Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones through creation of new vessel branch points by sprouting or vessel splitting, is an important part of tissue growth in both physiological processes like wound healing and pathological conditions such as cancer. Growth factors like VEGF-A, FGF-2 and PDGF-BB are involved in both types of angiogenesis. Screening for genes regulated by VEGF-A stimulation in endothelial cells revealed up regulation of the endothelial cell specific glycoprotein endocan. Endocan itself did not stimulate angiogenesis. VEGF was a specific inducer since FGF-2, PDGF-BB, HGF and EGF did not alter expression. The signaling molecule PI3K was a negative regulator of endocan expression. Endocan was expressed in tumor cells and vessels, suggesting that although endocan did not directly regulate angiogenesis it can serve as a marker for angiogenic tumors. In two models of wound healing angiogenesis, the chick extra-embryonal CAM assay and the mouse cornea assay, we observed that blood vessels grew into avascular areas as functional mural cell covered loops by elongation of preexisting vessels. Loop formation was simultaneous with contraction of the avascular matrix mediated by proto/myofibroblasts. Reducing the contractibility of the stroma reduced vessel ingrowth, showing that contraction was necessary for mediating and directing growth of the vascular loops. These findings suggest a model for biomechanical regulation of vascularization that is complementary to sprouting angiogenesis which is guided by gradients of growth factors. In defining the role of growth factors, in the CAM assay, we found that FGF-2 and PDGF-BB induced vessel ingrowth, while VEGF-A, EGF and HGF did not. TGF-beta reduced the effect of FGF-2. By use of specific receptor kinase inhibitors we found an absolute requirement VEGF- and PDGF-receptor activity for vascularization while FGF- and TGF-beta-receptor function was dispensable. This suggests that functional VEGF- and PDGF-receptors are needed for vessel elongation.

Ledtid- och processanalys av en orderprocess \u96 En studie gjord hos MSB

Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p

Ledtid- och processanalys av en orderprocess \u96 En studie gjord hos MSB

Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p

COMPLY OR DIE : A case study of conditions for NIS2-compliance

Cybersecurity is increasingly becoming more pervasive and prevalent due in part to ongoing conflicts in the world as well as increased reliance on digital technologies. To combat the emerging threats posed by this, the European Union introduced NIS2, a legislation aimed at increasing the lowest level of cybersecurity across its member states. Thus, the research question this study set out to answer was “How can conditions for organizational compliance with NIS2 be evaluated?” This case study has utilized a Delphi-panel with experts within the field, conducted interviews, analyzed internal documents, and established cybersecurity standards. The study has found several crucial conditions for reaching compliance with this new legislation, it has also developed a means of evaluation for organizations forced to comply. The findings further the field of cybersecurity by uncovering ownership as an important and generally overlooked condition for compliance. As well as providing a tool for practitioners and researchers to help evaluate conditions for NIS2 compliance.