Four phase logic systems

A four-phase logic system is provided which includes at least four logic networks connected in parallel between a single power line and a reference potential. A four-phase clock generator generates four distinct clock signals from a single-phase clock input at data rate. Each logic network comprises a pair of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated transistors (CMOST). Each metal-oxide-Semiconductor transistor (MOST) in the pair is responsive to a clock signal which turns the transistor on or off. In each network, there is also at least one MOST which is responsive to a logic signal. The logic transistor is connected in cascade with the pair of CMOSTs

Complementary MOS four-phase logic circuits

Technique can provide four-phase clock signal from single-phase clock and requires only one power supply voltage. This arrangement saves considerable power compared to circuits having load resistor between power supply and ground

Self-degradation of heat shock proteins

The 70-kDa heat shock protein of Drosophila decays in vivo at a much faster rate than other abundantly labeled proteins. Degradation also occurs in vitro, even during electrophoresis. It appears that this degradation is not mediated by a general protease and that the 70-kDa heat shock protein has a slow proteolytic action upon itself. Heat-induced proteins in CHO cells and a mouse cell line also degrade spontaneously in vitro, as do certain non-heat shock proteins from Drosophila tissues as well as the cell lines

Model system studies with a phase separated membrane bioreactor

The operation and evaluation of a bioreactor designed for high intensity oxygen transfer in a microgravity environment is described. The reactor itself consists of a zero headspace liquid phase separated from the air supply by a long length of silicone rubber tubing through which the oxygen diffuses in and the carbon dioxide diffuses out. Mass transfer studies show that the oxygen is film diffusion controlled both externally and internally to the tubing and not by diffusion across the tube walls. Methods of upgrading the design to eliminate these resistances are proposed. Cell growth was obtained in the fermenter using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showing that this concept is capable of sustaining cell growth in the terrestial simulation

How Sensitive are Di-Leptons from Rho Mesons to the High Baryon Density Region?

We show that the measurement of di-leptons might provide only a restricted view into the most dense stages of heavy ion reactions. Thus, possible studies of meson and baryon properties at high baryon densities, as e.g. done at GSI-HADES and envisioned for FAIR-CBM, might observe weaker effects than currently expected in certain approaches. We argue that the strong absorption of resonances in the high baryon density region of the heavy ion collision masks information from the early hot and dense phase due to a strong increase of the total decay width because of collisional broadening. To obtain additional information, we also compare the currently used approaches to extract di-leptons from transport simulations - i.e. shining, only vector mesons from final baryon resonance decays and instant emission of di-leptons and find a strong sensitivity on the method employed in particular at FAIR and SPS energies. It is shown explicitly that a restriction to rho meson (and therefore di-lepton) production only in final state baryon resonance decays provide a strong bias towards rather low baryon densities. The results presented are obtained from UrQMD v2.3 calculations using the standard set-up.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, expanded versio

Electronic Systems for the Protection of Superconducting Devices in the LHC

The Large Hadron Collider LHC [1] incorporates an unprecedented amount of superconducting components: magnets, bus-bars, and current leads. Most of them require active protection in case of a transition from the superconducting to the resistive state, the so-called quench. The electronic systems ensuring the reliable quench detection and further protection of these devices have been developed and produced over the last years and are currently being put into operatio

Differential patterns of PMN-elastase and type III procollagen peptide in knee joint effusions due to acute and chronic sports injuries

In 38 traumatic knee joint effusions the proteolytic enzyme PMN-elastase (PMN-E) and the repair marker procollagen III aminoterminal peptide (PIIINP) were determined. According to the period between trauma and first aspiration of the effusion, the patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I (17 patients; period between trauma and first aspiration not longer than 72 hours) showed high concentrations of PMN-E (up to 5400 ng/ml) and low concentrations of PIIINP (<13 U/ml). Group II (11 patients; aspiration within 4 to 14 days) had mean PMN-E and PIIINP concentrations of 125.6 ng/ml and 52.1 U/ ml, respectively. In group III (10 patients, aspiration after 14 days) mean PMN-E concentration was 123.8 ng/ml and mean PIIINP concentration was 63.4 U/ml. Graphic depiction of PMN-E and PIIINP levels in each individual sample as a function of time between trauma and fluid collection revealed highly increasing PMN-E levels during the first 24 posttraumatic hours, followed by rapidly decreasing levels within 72 hours post trauma, and no change after the 4th posttraumatic day. In contrast, PIIINP increased continuously up to the first posttraumatic week and stayed at high levels up to 90 days (end of the observation period). The differential patterns of PMN-E and PIIINP concentration in knee joint effusions may be useful in estimating the period between trauma and first treatment (aspiration of effusion) and should, therefore, be helpful in detecting degenerative lesions, which seem to be characterized by low PMN-E concomitantly with high PIIINP levels

Results from Commissioning of the Energy Extraction Facilities of the LHC Machine

The risk of damage to the superconducting magnets, bus bars and current leads of the LHC machine in case of a resistive transition (quench) is being minimized by adequate protection. The protection is based on early quench detection, bypassing the quenching magnets by cold diodes, energy density dilution in the quenching magnets using heaters and, eventually, energy extraction. For two hundred and twenty-six LHC circuits (600 A and 13 kA) extraction of the stored magnetic energy to external dump resistors was required. All these systems are now installed in the machine and the final hardware commissioning has been undertaken. After a short description of the topology and definitive features, layouts and parameters of these systems the paper will focus on the results from their successful commissioning and an analysis of the system performance

Land use change detection with LANDSAT-2 data for monitoring and predicting regional water quality degradation

The author has identified the following significant results. Comparison between LANDSAT 1 and 2 imagery of Arkansas provided evidence of significant land use changes during the 1972-75 time period. Analysis of Arkansas historical water quality information has shown conclusively that whereas point source pollution generally can be detected by use of water quality data collected by state and federal agencies, sampling methodologies for nonpoint source contamination attributable to surface runoff are totally inadequate. The expensive undertaking of monitoring all nonpoint sources for numerous watersheds can be lessened by implementing LANDSAT change detection analyses

Torus invariant divisors

Using the language of polyhedral divisors and divisorial fans we describe invariant divisors on normal varieties X which admit an effective codimension one torus action. In this picture X is given by a divisorial fan on a smooth projective curve Y. Cartier divisors on X can be described by piecewise affine functions h on the divisorial fan S whereas Weil divisors correspond to certain zero and one dimensional faces of it. Furthermore we provide descriptions of the divisor class group and the canonical divisor. Global sections of line bundles O(D_h) will be determined by a subset of a weight polytope associated to h, and global sections of specific line bundles on the underlying curve Y.Comment: 16 pages; 5 pictures; small changes in the layout, further typos remove