Respiratory Activity of Isolated Chondrocytes with a Miniaturized Oxygen Electrade System

Author Institution: Department of Physiology, Ohio State University ; Department of Surgery, Ohio State UniversityA technique for the isolation of chondrocytes from the articular cartilage of rabbits was modified and improved to yield 5 to 20 x 106 viable cells per preparation. A YSI Model 5331 O2 sensor was modified so that it could rapidly respond in as little as 1 ml of medium. Mean oxygen uptake of cell samples showed that chondrocytes obtained from mature rabbits (1.33 /J! O2/107 cells/hr) had a higher oxidative activity than chondrocytes from immature rabbits (0.8 (A O2/107 cells/hr). Elevation of the incubation temperature from 25 °C to 35 °C increased the chondrocyte oxygen uptake approximately 20% but incubation at 37 °C tended to decrease oxygen uptake. It is evident that articular chondrocyte cells have a real, but fairly low, temperature sensitive oxidative metabolism

Gathering evidence of external validity for the Foundations of Medicine examination: a collaboration between the National Board of Medical Examiners and the University of Minho

To gather evidence of external validity for the Foundations of Medicine (FOM) examination by assessing the relationship between its subscores and local grades for a sample of Portuguese medical students

Second Annual Seminar on Estate Planning

Schedule and materials from the Second Annual Seminar on Estate Planning held by UK/CLE on July 18-19, 1975

New DArT markers for oat provide enhanced map coverage and global germplasm characterization

BACKGROUND: Genomic discovery in oat and its application to oat improvement have been hindered by a lack of genetic markers common to different genetic maps, and by the difficulty of conducting whole-genome analysis using high-throughput markers. This study was intended to develop, characterize, and apply a large set of oat genetic markers based on Diversity Array Technology (DArT). RESULTS: Approximately 19,000 genomic clones were isolated from complexity-reduced genomic representations of pooled DNA samples from 60 oat varieties of global origin. These were screened on three discovery arrays, with more than 2000 polymorphic markers being identified for use in this study, and approximately 2700 potentially polymorphic markers being identified for use in future studies. DNA sequence was obtained for 2573 clones and assembled into a non-redundant set of 1770 contigs and singletons. Of these, 705 showed highly significant (Expectation < 10E-10) BLAST similarity to gene sequences in public databases. Based on marker scores in 80 recombinant inbred lines, 1010 new DArT markers were used to saturate and improve the 'Kanota' × 'Ogle' genetic map. DArT markers provided map coverage approximately equivalent to existing markers. After binning markers from similar clones, as well as those with 99% scoring similarity, a set of 1295 non-redundant markers was used to analyze genetic diversity in 182 accessions of cultivated oat of worldwide origin. Results of this analysis confirmed that major clusters of oat diversity are related to spring vs. winter type, and to the presence of major breeding programs within geographical regions. Secondary clusters revealed groups that were often related to known pedigree structure. CONCLUSION: These markers will provide a solid basis for future efforts in genomic discovery, comparative mapping, and the generation of an oat consensus map. They will also provide new opportunities for directed breeding of superior oat varieties, and guidance in the maintenance of oat genetic diversity

Humans Infected with Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi, Russia

Disease may occur throughout the world because of the widespread prevalence of this pathogen in ixodid ticks

International medical education: establishing a framework for comparison of different systems with common goals

Introduction: The American and European medical education systems vary vastly in their history and structure. Currently, there is no algorithm or framework for comparison between the two systems. Since best practice in education calls for competency-based educational experiences, can a framework for comparison between the American and European systems be created such that the competency frameworks are appropriately mapped? Methods: We selected the AAMC competencies to represent the American framework and the CanMEDs 2015 framework to represent the European system. To connect the systems, we subjectively matched each AAMC competency with its correlating CanMEDs competencies. We then identified and mapped the USMLE objectives and the Tuning Project outcomes to our initial mappings to connect the testable and desired outcomes, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated the feasibility of this framework by mapping the learning objectives from the musculoskeletal block at the University of Minho to the learning objectives at Sidney Kimmel Medical College (SKMC), which were already labeled with their corresponding AAMC competencies. Results: The resultant mappings between the USMLE outcomes, AAMC competencies, CanMEDs 2015 competencies, and the Tuning Project outcomes are depicted in the form of a table. The second mapping between the musculoskeletal block learning objectives is also demonstrated in a table and shows how easily the learning objectives can tie into the main mappings. Discussion: The resultant tables demonstrate a framework for comparison between the American and European systems; specifically, on how the student experience, competencies, and desired outcomes relate. Through the example of one block’s learning objectives, we can see how it would be possible to allow for level-appropriate student placement for meaningful student exchanges. These results could also assist in defining expected competencies of students in similar training points while also enabling international collaboration in the development and evaluation of learning opportunities

The applications of biotechnology to disease resistance breeding in oat

Through the use of biotechnology, molecular marker assisted selection and genetic engineering can both contribute to disease resistance breeding. A number of markers for various oat diseases have been identified and some are being used in breeding programs. Genetic engineering of oat is now well established but genetic engineering for disease resistance in any crop is still in its infancy and remains to be proven in the field.vokMyynti MTT tietopalvelu