141 research outputs found
Testing the significance of calendar effects
This paper studies tests of calendar effects in equity returns. It is necessary to control for all possible calendar effects to avoid spurious results. The authors contribute to the calendar effects literature and its significance with a test for calendar-specific anomalies that conditions on the nuisance of possible calendar effects. Thus, their approach to test for calendar effects produces robust data-mining results. Unfortunately, attempts to control for a large number of possible calendar effects have the downside of diminishing the power of the test, making it more difficult to detect actual anomalies. The authors show that our test achieves good power properties because it exploits the correlation structure of (excess) returns specific to the calendar effect being studied. We implement the test with bootstrap methods and apply it to stock indices from Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Bootstrap p-values reveal that calendar effects are significant for returns in most of these equity markets, but end-of-the-year effects are predominant. It also appears that, beginning in the late 1980s, calendar effects have diminished except in small-cap stock indices.
Model confidence sets for forecasting models
The paper introduces the model confidence set (MCS) and applies it to the selection of forecasting models. An MCS is a set of models that is constructed so that it will contain the “best” forecasting model, given a level of confidence. Thus, an MCS is analogous to a confidence interval for a parameter. The MCS acknowledges the limitations of the data so that uninformative data yield an MCS with many models, whereas informative data yield an MCS with only a few models. We revisit the empirical application in Stock and Watson (1999) and apply the MCS procedure to their set of inflation forecasts. In the first pre-1984 subsample we obtain an MCS that contains only a few models, notably versions of the Solow-Gordon Phillips curve. On the other hand, the second post-1984 subsample contains little information and results in a large MCS. Yet, the random walk forecast is not contained in the MCS for either of the samples. This outcome shows that the random walk forecast is inferior to inflation forecasts based on Phillips curve-like relationships.
Explanatory Journeys: Visualising to Understand and Explain Administrative Justice Paths of Redress
Administrative justice concerns the relationships between individuals and the
state. It includes redress and complaints on decisions of a child's education,
social care, licensing, planning, environment, housing and homelessness.
However, if someone has a complaint or an issue, it is challenging for people
to understand different possible redress paths and explore what path is
suitable for their situation. Explanatory visualisation has the potential to
display these paths of redress in a clear way, such that people can see,
understand and explore their options. The visualisation challenge is further
complicated because information is spread across many documents, laws, guidance
and policies and requires judicial interpretation. Consequently, there is not a
single database of paths of redress. In this work we present how we have
co-designed a system to visualise administrative justice paths of redress.
Simultaneously, we classify, collate and organise the underpinning data, from
expert workshops, heuristic evaluation and expert critical reflection. We make
four contributions: (i) an application design study of the explanatory
visualisation tool (Artemus), (ii) coordinated and co-design approach to
aggregating the data, (iii) two in-depth case studies in housing and education
demonstrating explanatory paths of redress in administrative law, and (iv)
reflections on the expert co-design process and expert data gathering and
explanatory visualisation for administrative justice and law.Comment: 11 pages with 10 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphic
QCD Corrections to Electroweak Annihilation Decays of Superheavy Quarkonia
QCD corrections to all the allowed decays of superheavy groundstate quarkonia
into electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons are presented. For quick estimates,
approximations that reproduce the exact results within less than at worst two
percent are also given.Comment: 20 pages RevTeX, 9 figures. The complete paper, including figures, is
also available via anonymous ftp at (129.13.102.139) as
ftp://ttpux2.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/ttp95-05/ttp95-05.ps, or via www at
http://ttpux2.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/cgi-bin/preprints
Making the ‘Evolutionary Leap’: Using Open Knowledge Approaches to Improve Development Outcomes
The starting point of the Open Knowledge Hub project was our belief that the adoption of so-called ‘Open Knowledge’ approaches had the potential to improve the impact of research evidence on development outcomes and address inequalities in the visibility, accessibility and uptake of diverse knowledge about development. This paper describes what we learned about the drivers and motivations for knowledge organisations to engage with Open Knowledge approaches. It also addresses the issues and barriers to engagement that, we have argued, threaten to undermine these potential benefits. The paper looks at both direct learning from the project and external research evidence accumulated during our work
On the ultimate uncertainty of the top quark pole mass
We combine the known asymptotic behaviour of the QCD perturbation series expansion, which relates the pole mass of a heavy quark to the MSmass, with the exact series coefficients up to the four-loop order to determine the ultimate uncertainty of the top-quark pole mass due to the renormalon divergence. We perform extensive tests of our procedure by varying the number of colours and flavours, as well as the scale of the strong coupling and the MSmass. Including an estimate of the internal bottom and charm quark mass effect, we conclude that this uncertainty is around 110MeV. We further estimate the additional contribution to the mass relation from the five-loop correction and beyond to be around 300MeV
Charm Production at RHIC to O(\ALPHA_S^3)
We present results on rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of
inclusive charm quark production in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC, including the
next-to-leading order, , radiative corrections and the nuclear
shadowing effect. We find the effective, nuclear K-factor to be for in the rapidity distribution, while for in the distribution. We
incorporate multiple parton scatterings in our calculation of the fraction of
all central events that contain at least one charm quark pair. We obtain the
effective -dependence of the charm cross sections. Finally, we comment on
the possibility of detecting the quark-gluon plasma signal as an enhanced charm
production in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC.Comment: AZPH-TH/94-13; revised version, new figures, results obtained with
new shadowing function; accepted for publication in Physics Letters
T-tubule disease:Relationship between t-tubule organization and regional contractile performance in human dilated cardiomyopathy
Evidence from animal models suggest that t-tubule changes may play an important role in the contractile deficit associated with heart failure. However samples are usually taken at random with no regard as to regional variability present in failing hearts which leads to uncertainty in the relationship between contractile performance and possible t-tubule derangement. Regional contraction in human hearts was measured by tagged cine MRI and model fitting. At transplant, failing hearts were biopsy sampled in identified regions and immunocytochemistry was used to label t-tubules and sarcomeric z-lines. Computer image analysis was used to assess 5 different unbiased measures of t-tubule structure/organization. In regions of failing hearts that showed good contractile performance, t-tubule organization was similar to that seen in normal hearts, with worsening structure correlating with the loss of regional contractile performance. Statistical analysis showed that t-tubule direction was most highly correlated with local contractile performance, followed by the amplitude of the sarcomeric peak in the Fourier transform of the t-tubule image. Other area based measures were less well correlated. We conclude that regional contractile performance in failing human hearts is strongly correlated with the local t-tubule organization. Cluster tree analysis with a functional definition of failing contraction strength allowed a pathological definition of ‘t-tubule disease’. The regional variability in contractile performance and cellular structure is a confounding issue for analysis of samples taken from failing human hearts, although this may be overcome with regional analysis by using tagged cMRI and biopsy mapping
REE concentration processes in ion adsorption deposits: evidence from the Ambohimirahavavy alkaline complex in Madagascar
Ion adsorption deposits, in which the rare earth elements (REE) occur adsorbed onto clay mineral surfaces, currently provide the world�s dominant supply of heavy REE (Gd-Lu). Concentration of REE within ion adsorption deposits has been proposed to be a dominantly supergene process, where easily degradable REE-minerals (e.g. REE-fluorcarbonates) break down and release REE that are then adsorbed onto clay mineral surfaces in the weathered material. Here we present data from the Cenozoic Ambohimirahavavy alkaline complex in Madagascar, with the aim of further constraining controls on the formation and HREE enrichment processes in ion adsorption deposits. The laterite weathering profiles described here are developed on alkaline igneous rocks, including both SiO2-undersaturated and oversaturated lithologies. The latter group includes REE mineralised peralkaline granitic pegmatites and granitic dykelets. The weathering mineralogy includes gibbsite, clay minerals and minor Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy show that the clay fraction in all sites is dominated by kaolinite and halloysite (7�à and 10�à ). Extraction with ammonium sulfate (0.5�M (NH4)2SO4, pH�=�4; removes weakly adsorbed metals retained on the solid surface and dissolves carbonates) indicates that, in the different profiles and along the same profile, the leachable REE content is heterogeneous, ranging from 5 to 2300�mg/kg total REE, with 1 to 32 heavy REE. Leaching with magnesium chloride (0.5�M MgCl2, pH�=�6; removes only weakly adsorbed REE) releases similar total REE concentrations, suggesting that most of the leachable REE are adsorbed onto mineral surfaces. In most of the laterite profiles, the amount of leachable REE continuously increases with depth up to the saprock. Recovery rates depend on the REE atomic number, generally decreasing from La to Lu except for Ce which is invariably low. In the Ambohimirahavavy complex, the nature of the protolith is the main factor controlling the amount of easily leachable REE in the laterite weathering profile. Hydrology and topography are secondary factors. The most favourable protoliths include SiO2-undersaturated volcanic lithologies and altered mudstone with granitic dykelets. The main primary REE minerals include agpaitic minerals (eudialyte) and allanite-(Ce). Locally in granitic pegmatite dykes, autometasomatism by late magmatic fluids inhibits formation of ion adsorption ore by transforming easily weathered agpaitic minerals into unweatherable zircon
What is the Brightest Source for Dilepton Emissions at RHIC?
We calculate the dilepton emissions as the decay product of the charm and
bottom quarks produced in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC energy. We take into
account the next-to-leading-order radiative corrections in perturbative QCD to
the heavy quark production from both an initial hard parton-parton scattering
and an ideal quark-gluon plasma. We find that the thermal charm decay dominates
the dilepton production in the low dilepton mass region ( GeV), while the
heavy quark production from the initial scattering takes over the intermediate
and high mass regions ( GeV). Our result also indicates the importance of
the bottom quark in the high mass region ( GeV ) due to its large mass and
cascade decay. If the initial scattering produced charm suffers a significant
energy loss due to the secondary interaction, the bottom decay constitutes the
major background for the thermal dileptons.Comment: 12 pages in RevTeX, 3 epsf figures embedde
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