The smelt Osmerus eperlanus in Scotland

Smelt populations have been recorded since the 18th Century from at least 15 rivers in Scotland, but over the last Century the species has suffered a severe decline and has disappeared from all its former sites except the rivers Cree, Forth and Tay. These populations must now be regarded as having high conservation importance. There are probably several different reasons for this decline. In some rivers, such as the Clyde and the Stinchar, pollution in the lower reaches has prevented successful migration and reproduction. In other rivers, high weirs and barriers have completely cut off access to spawning grounds. In some estuaries and rivers, such as the Solway Firth, overfishing is believed to have been responsible for eliminating local stocks. A Species Action Plan for the smelt has been prepared and it is hoped that this will be the basis of a future conservation strategy for this species in Scotland

Multi-cursor multi-user mobile interaction with a large shared display

When using a mobile device to control a cursor on a large shared display, the interaction must be carefully planned to match the environment and purpose of the systems use. We describe a ‘democratic jukebox’ system that revealed five recommendations that should be considered when designing this type of interaction relating to providing feedback to the user; how to represent users in a multi-cursor based system; where people tend to look and their expectation of how to move their cursor; the orientation of screens and the social context; and, the use of simulated users to give the real users a sense that they are engaging with a greater audience

Racial Profiling and the Fourth Amendment: Applying the Minority Victim Perspective to Ensure Equal Protection Under the Law

Racial profiling was once thought the figment of an overactive minority imagination. Yet, recent media coverage has thrust the reality of racial bias in law enforcement into the national spotlight. Despite its newfound popularity, the real battle for equal protection and justice under the law has been quietly raging across American courtrooms for decades, and it is a battle that people of color continue to lose. This Note examines the judiciary\u27S tendency to excise racial perceptions and bias from its analysis of racial profiling cases under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. Focusing on the recent profiling case of Brown v. City of Oneonta, this Note suggests that the imposition of race ignorant standards is itself a subtle but powerful vestige of racial bias in the courtroom. By more broadly considering the subjective perceptions of both police and minority victims of discriminatory police practices, courts will be more responsive to the coercive nature of certain police stops, as well as the discriminatory intent behind abusive police investigations

Prediction of forces and moments for hypersonic flight vehicle control effectors

This research project includes three distinct phases. For completeness, all three phases of the work are briefly described in this report. The goal was to develop methods of predicting flight control forces and moments for hypersonic vehicles which could be used in a preliminary design environment. The first phase included a preliminary assessment of subsonic/supersonic panel methods and hypersonic local flow inclination methods for such predictions. While these findings clearly indicated the usefulness of such methods for conceptual design activities, deficiencies exist in some areas. Thus, a second phase of research was conducted in which a better understanding was sought for the reasons behind the successes and failures of the methods considered, particularly for the cases at hypersonic Mach numbers. This second phase involved using computational fluid dynamics methods to examine the flow fields in detail. Through these detailed predictions, the deficiencies in the simple surface inclination methods were determined. In the third phase of this work, an improvement to the surface inclination methods was developed. This used a novel method for including viscous effects by modifying the geometry to include the viscous/shock layer

Co-designing for common values:creating hybrid spaces to nurture autonomous cooperation

This paper concerns the development of digitally-mediated technologies that value social cooperation as a common good rather than as a source of revenue and accumulation. The paper discusses the activities that shaped a European participatory design project which aims to develop a digital space that promotes and facilitates the ‘Commonfare’, a complementary approach to social welfare. The paper provides and discusses concrete examples of design artifacts to address a key question about the role of co- and participatory design in developing hybrid spaces that nurture sharing and autonomous cooperation: how can co-design practices promote alternatives to the commodification of digitally-mediated cooperation? The paper argues for a need to focus on relational, social, political and ethical values, and highlights the potential power of co- and participatory design processes to achieve this. In summary, the paper proposes that only by re-asserting the centrality of shared values and capacities, rather than individual needs or problems, co-design can reposition itself thereby encouraging autonomous cooperation

Correlation of processing, microstructure, and superplasticity in an Al-MG-ZR alloy

Investigation of the influence of the strain history during thermomechanical processing of an Al-10Mg-0.1Zr was conducted. Refined, recrystallized microstructures resulted when larger strains were employed in the later passes of the TMP. Superplastic responses up to approximately 420 percent were obtained. Conversely, when smaller strains were at the later stages of the TMP, less recrystallized, coarser structures resulted, and the corresponding superplastic ductilities of approximately 280 percent were obtained.http://archive.org/details/correlationofpro00lyleLieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

DdcA antagonizes a bacterial DNA damage checkpoint

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147820/1/mmi14151.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147820/2/mmi14151_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147820/3/mmi14151-sup-0001-Supinfo.pd