The Oswald Clergy Burnout Scale: reliability, factor structure and preliminary application among Australian clergy

This study assesses the Oswald Clergy Burnout Scale (OCBI), the psychometric properties of which have not been previously described. Analysis of responses from a large number (N  = 3,012) of ministers in charge of Australian congregations showed that the scale’s internal reliability was satisfactory, and that the scale could be represented by two factors, identified, respectively, as the personal and social aspects of burnout. This structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Several demographic and job-related variables that might relate to burnout were regressed on the total, personal and social factor scores. Age is the predominant (negative) predictor of burnout as measured by the total scale and the personal factor scores. All variables predict burnout as measured by the social factor. However, in all models, the predictor variables account for no more than 5% of the total variance. These findings suggest that demographic factors and working conditions are poor predictors of burnout among clergy

Editorial: Aftereffects in face processing

Editorial: The original aim of this special issue was to use aftereffects to highlight the different cognitive, perceptual, and neural representations of unfamiliar and familiar faces. Face aftereffects occur due to prolonged exposure to an adaptor face that causes a test face to take on the “opposite” characteristics (e.g., a normal face will appear compressed following adaptation to an expanded face, Webster and MacLin, 1999). The resulting papers went beyond this aim and have demonstrated the extensive potential for theoretical advancement that research on aftereffects can create

The development of face expertise: Evidence for a qualitative change in processing

There is conflicting evidence regarding the development of expert face recognition, as indexed by the face-inversion effect (FIE; de Heering, Rossion, & Maurer, 2011; Young and Bion, 1981) potentially due to the nature of the stimuli used in previous research. The developmental trajectory of the FIE was assessed in participants aged between 5- and 18-years using age-matched and adult stimuli. Four experiments demonstrated that upright face recognition abilities improved linearly with age (presumably due to improved memory storage capacities) and this was larger than for inverted faces. The FIE followed a stepped function, with no FIE for participants younger than 9-years of age. These results indicate maturation of expert face processing mechanisms that occur at the age of 10-years, similar to expertise in other domains

Carbon8: Combined carbon capture and waste treatment – A commercial reality

Waste valorisation is essential to ensure future sustainability. However, often technologies are either undeveloped, remain uneconomical, or hindered by legislative barriers. Using technology developed by Carbon8 Systems Ltd, industrial thermal residues can be solidified and stabilised in a hardened pellet form that can be a direct substitute for natural aggregate e.g. for the production of concrete construction blocks. The route to commercialising the technology, which has required demonstrating the transition from hazardous waste feedstock to safe usable product, has been difficult and complex. The aggregates produced were rigorously tested and finally given ‘end-of-waste’ designation by the Environment Agency. In early 2012, a bespoke commercial plant was commissioned at Brandon in Suffolk, UK. In 2014, a second production line was added to the Brandon facility, increasing its capacity to 60,000 tonnes per year. The ACT-produced aggregate is carbon negative as it contains more imbibed carbon than is generated by its production. Consequently, concrete construction blocks produced can also be carbon negative, and are marketed under the name ‘Carbon Buster’. Plans are at an advanced stage for the construction of a second production facility in the UK. This is scheduled to be operational by late 2015

Carbon negative: First commercial application of accelerated carbonation technology

Carbon dioxide gas can be used as a resource to rapidly harden cementitious materials and manage the risks associated with hazardous waste and contaminated soil. The process is known as Accelerated Carbonation Technology or ACT. Carbon dioxide primarily combines with calcium and/or magnesium minerals present in many industrial thermal residues to form carbonates; this reaction can also be promoted by the addition of, for example, Portland cement. Carbon8 Systems Ltd. was formed in 2006 as spinout-company of the University of Greenwich to commercialise ACT. Carbon8 has applied ACT to hazardous wastes in the production of non-hazardous construction products.By using the Carbon8 process, industrial thermal residues are solidified and stabilised in a hardened pellet form. The pelleted product is a direct substitute for natural aggregate, and can be used in the production of concrete construction blocks. From 2009 to 2012, a series of pilot and full-scale demonstrations of the technology were carried out. The aggregates produced were rigorously tested and given ‘end-of-waste’ designation by the Environment Agency. In early 2012, a bespoke commercial plant was commissioned at Brandon in Suffolk, UK, operated by Carbon8 Aggregates Ltd. This plant, the first of its kind anywhere in the world, produced 24,000 tonnes of aggregate from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) air pollution control residues (APCr) in its first year. In 2014, a second production line was added to the Brandon facility, increasing its capacity to 50,000 tonnes per year. The aggregate is supplied to Lignacite, the UK’s largest independent concrete block manufacturer, and other companies. The ACT-produced aggregate is carbon negative as it contains more imbibed carbon than is generated by its production. Consequently, the concrete construction blocks produced by Lignacite are also carbon negative, and are marketed under the name: ‘Carbon Buster’. Plans are at an advanced stage for the construction of a second and third production facility in the UK. These are scheduled to be operational by mid-2015 and will increase aggregate production to 200,000 tonnes per year. The present work discusses the development of the Carbon8 process and describes the commercial application of accelerated carbonation technology for the production of sustainable carbon-negative construction materials

A spatial frequency account of the detriment that local processing of Navon letters has on face recognition

Five minutes of processing the local features of a Navon letter causes a detriment in subsequent face recognition performance (Macrae & H. Lewis, 2002). We hypothesise a perceptual after-effect explanation of this effect in which face recognition is less accurate after adapting to high spatial frequencies at high contrasts. Five experiments were conducted in which face recognition performance was compared after processing high contrast Navon stimuli. The standard recognition deficit was observed for processing the local features of Navon stimuli, but not if the stimuli were blurred (Experiment 1) or if they were of lower contrast (Experiment 2). A face recognition deficit was observed after processing small high contrast letters equivalent to local processing of Navon letters (Experiment 3). Experiments 4 and 5 demonstrated that recognition of bandpass filtered faces interacted with the type of Navon processing, whereby the recognition of low-pass filtered faces was better following local rather than global processing. These results suggest that the Navon effect on subsequent face recognition is a perceptual phenomenon

FIAEs in famous faces are mediated by type of processing

An important question regarding face aftereffects is whether it is based on face-specific or lower-level mechanisms. One method for addressing this is to explore how adaptation in upright or inverted, photographic positive or negative faces transfers to test stimuli that are either upright or inverted and normal or negated. A series of studies are reported in which this is tested using a typical face identity aftereffect paradigm in unfamiliar and famous faces. Results showed that aftereffects were strongest when the adaptor matched the test stimuli. In addition, aftereffects did not transfer from upright adaptors to inverted test images, but did transfer from inverted adaptors to upright test images in famous faces. However, in unfamiliar faces, a different pattern was observed. The results are interpreted in terms of how identity adaptation interacts with low-level adaptation and highlight differences in the representation of famous and unfamiliar faces

Face distortion aftereffects in personally familiar, famous, and unfamiliar faces

The internal face prototype is thought to be a construction of the average of every previously viewed face (Schwaninger et al., 2003). However, the influence of the most frequently encountered faces (i.e., personally familiar faces) has been generally understated. The current research explored the face distortion aftereffect in unfamiliar, famous, and personally familiar (each subject’s parent) faces. Forty-eight adult participants reported whether faces were distorted or not (distorted by shifting the eyes in the vertical axis) of a series of images that included unfamiliar, famous, and personally familiar faces. The number of faces perceived to be “odd” was measured pre- and post-adaptation to the most extreme distortion. Participants were adapted to either an unfamiliar, famous, or personally familiar face. The results indicate that adaptation transferred from unfamiliar faces to personally familiar faces more so than the converse and aftereffects did not transfer from famous faces to unfamiliar faces. These results are indicative of representation differences between unfamiliar, famous, and personally familiar faces, whereby personally familiar faces share representations of both unfamiliar and famous faces

Community mobilization and the environment in Hong Kong

Includes bibliographical references.Revised and extended version of Limited gains: grassroofs mobilization and the environment in Hong Kong.published_or_final_versionContributing authors xiiiCh.XI The social and psychological procession in community education : towards attitudinal and behavioural change in environmental management Chan, Cecilia Chan, Cecilia 233Ch.XII Environmental education : the contribution of green groups Ng, Mei Ng, Mei Wong, Francis Wong, Francis 249Ch.XIII Business and the environment in Hong Kong Howroyd, Sarah Howroyd, Sarah 261Ch.XIV Environmental education : strategies and roles of children and youth services units Wong, Yu-cheung Wong, Yu-cheung Lai, Wing-hoi Lai, Wing-hoi 289Ch.XV Community mobilization and the environment : a changing context Hills, Peter Hills, Peter Chan, Cecilia Chan, Cecilia 307Preface ixCh.I Community and the environment in Hong Kong Chan, Cecilia Chan, Cecilia Hills, Peter Hills, Peter 1Ch.II Community, environment and sustainable development - a socio-political interpretation Lai, On- kwok Lai, On-kwok 19Ch.III Urban poverty and environmental management : a comparative analysis of community activation in asian cities Douglass, Mike Douglass, Mike 53Ch.IV Decision making, community values and the environment in Hong Kong Barron, William F. Barron, William F. 97Ch.V The politics of the environment in Hong Kong Hung, Wing-tat Hung, Wing-tat 113Ch.VI Housing, environment and the community : an overview Chiu, Rebecca L.H. Chiu, Rebecca L.H. 139Ch.VII Mobilizing Tsing Yi residents against environmental hazards Li, Chi-fai Li, Chi-fai Ng, Hang- sau Ng, Hang-sau 161Ch.VIII Grassroots participation of squatters in environment management Chan, Cecilia Chan, Cecilia Cheung, Regina Cheung, Regina Chang, Fiona Chang, Fiona 183Ch.IX Health and safety at work : a neglected environmental concern Yu, Ignatius T.S. Yu, Ignatius T.S. Chan, Kan-kam Chan, Kan-kam 203Ch.X Heritage conservation and conflicting community iterests : heritage held hostage in the New Territories and beyond Lung, David Lung, David Friedman, Ann Friedman, Ann 21

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Wastes: The SAPICO2 Project

The SAPICO2 project is an INTERREG IVA cross channel collaboration established to develop new technologies utilising accelerated carbonation for the creation of eco-construction materials from solid wastes. Over three phases, the project has identified carbon dioxide reactivity of solid wastes, produced prototype-construction materials (from these wastes), and manufactured bulk samples of carbonated products. The project aims to introduce carbonated building products into continental Europe, by demonstrating the potential of this emerging technology to meet the EU sustainability agenda. By collaborating with the major bodies responsible for environmental matters, it is hoped that new policy and mechanisms can be developed that facilitate the full commercial valorisation of waste using gaseous CO2