Patterns of Distribution of Estuarine Organisms and their Response to a Catastrophic Decrease in Salinity

The occurrence of Tropical Storm Agnes during an ongoing study on the community structure of the macrobenthos associated with the James River oyster reefs provided a unique opportunity to document the responses of this assemblage to such a disturbance. The spatial and temporal patterns of abundance of 18 important taxa are examined in this paper. Eight species exhibited limited up estuary penetration, six were most successful in the upper part of the estuarine segment studied, two were most abundant in the mid-section of the study area, and two were ubiquitous. In the post-Agnes period, .six species exhibited reduced population levels, three experienced population increases, three became relatively more abundant at the down estuary sites and reduced at the up estuary sites, three became relatively more abundant at the up estuary sites and reduced at the down estuary sites, while no significant response was shown by three others. Hypothetical response categories are advanced to explain these responses. The freshet arrived and removed stenotopic species (category 1 response) which allowed others to fill the void in abundance (category 2 response). Other species essentially extended their range downstream where conditions were not optimal but were reduced in their original range because of the physiological stress caused by very .Low salinities (category 3 response). With the return of higher salinities the larvae of more stenohaline species settled where there was open space, i.e., at the up estuary sites (category 4 response). Some species showed no significant changes in abundance (category 5 response).https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsbooks/1075/thumbnail.jp

The Ecology of Maine\u27s Intertidal Habitats : A Report Prepared for the Maine State Planning Office

The Ecology of Maine\u27s Intertidal Habitats : A Report Prepared for the Maine State Planning Office by Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences (Authors: Peter F. Larsen and Lee F. Doggett) , 1981. Contents: Acknowledgements / List of Tables / List of Figures / Chapter 1 - Introduction / Chapter 2 - Human Impact on Intertidal Fauna / Chapter 3 - A Primer of Intertidal Ecology / Chapter 4 - A Sampler of Intertidal Species / Chapter 5 - Methodology / Chapter 6 - Results of Faunal Studies / Appendix 1 - Habitats With Date Sampled / Appendix 2 - List of All Taxa / Appendix 3 - Lists of Taxa at Each Habitat Type / Bibliography / Glossaryhttps://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/me_collection/1162/thumbnail.jp

Physical performance and loading for six playing positions in elite female football: full‐game, end‐game, and peak periods

The present study investigated the position-specific match demands and heart rate response of female elite footballers, with special focus on the full-game, end-game, and peak-intensity periods. In total, 217 match observations were performed in 94 players from all eight teams of the best Danish Women's League, that is, goalkeepers (GK, n = 10), central defenders (CD, n = 23), full-backs (FB, n = 18), central midfielders (CM, n = 28), external midfielders (EM, n = 18), and forwards (FW, n = 11). Positional data (GPS; 10 Hz Polar Team Pro) and HR responses were collected. HRmean and HRpeak were 87%-89% and 98%-99% of HRmax, for outfield players, with no positional differences. CM, EM, and FB covered 8%-14% greater (P < .001) match distances than CD. EM, FW, FB, and CM performed 40%-64% more (P < .05) high-speed running and 41%-95% more (P < .01) very-high-speed running (VHSR) than CD. From the first to the last 15-minute period, total distance, except for FW, number of VHSR, except FB, peak speed and sum of accelerations and sum of decelerations decreased (P < .05) for all outfield positions. In the most intense 5-minute period, EM, FB, and CM performed 25%-34% more (P < .01) HSR than CD, whereas EM, FW, and FB performed 36%-49% more (P < .01) VHSR than CD. In conclusion, competitive elite female matches impose high physical demands on all outfield playing positions, with high aerobic loading throughout matches and marked declines in high-speed running and intense accelerations and decelerations toward the end of games. Overall physical match demands are much lower for central defenders than for the other outfield playing positions, albeit this difference is minimized in peak-intensity periods

Four different emissions from a Pt(Bodipy)(PEt3)(2)(S-Pyrene) dyad

The Pt(bodipy)-(mercaptopyrene) dyad BPtSPyr shows four different emissions: intense near-infrared phosphorescence (Φph up to 15%) from a charge-transfer state pyrS˙+-Pt-BDP˙−, additional fluorescence and phosphorescence emissions from the 1ππ* and 3ππ* states of the bodipy ligand at r.t., and phosphorescence from the pyrene 3ππ* and the bodipy 3ππ* states in a glassy matrix at 77 K.publishe