21 research outputs found

    Unravelling the acute respiratory infection landscape: virus type, viral load, health status and coinfection do matter

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    IntroductionAcute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common infections in the general population and are mainly caused by respiratory viruses. Detecting several viruses in a respiratory sample is common. To better understand these viral codetections and potential interferences, we tested for the presence of viruses and developed quantitative PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) for the viruses most prevalent in coinfections: human rhinovirus (HRV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and quantified their viral loads according to coinfections and health status, age, cellular abundance and other variables.Materials and methodsSamples from two different cohorts were analyzed: one included hospitalized infants under 12 months of age with acute bronchiolitis (n=719) and the other primary care patients of all ages with symptoms of ARI (n=685). We performed Multiplex PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs, and quantitative PCR on samples positive for HRV or/and RSV to determine viral loads (VL). Cellular abundance (CA) was also estimated by qPCR targeting the GAPDH gene. Genotyping was performed either directly from first-line molecular panel or by PCR and sequencing for HRV.ResultsThe risks of viral codetection were 4.1 (IC95[1.8; 10.0]) and 93.9 1 (IC95[48.7; 190.7]) higher in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis than in infants in primary care for RSV and HRV respectively (p<0.001). CA was higher in samples positive for multiple viruses than in mono-infected or negative samples (p<0.001), and higher in samples positive for RSV (p<0.001) and HRV (p<0.001) than in negative samples. We found a positive correlation between CA and VL for both RSV and HRV. HRV VL was higher in children than in the elderly (p<0.05), but not RSV VL. HRV VL was higher when detected alone than in samples coinfected with RSV-A and with RSV-B. There was a significant increase of RSV-A VL when codetecting with HRV (p=0.001) and when co-detecting with RSV-B+HRV versus RSV-A+ RSV-B (p=0.02).ConclusionsMany parameters influence the natural history of respiratory viral infections, and quantifying respiratory viral loads can help disentangle their contributions to viral outcome

    Positive and negative viral associations in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: the ECOVIR study

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    IntroductionAcute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most common viral infections encountered in primary care settings. The identification of causal viruses is still not available in routine practice. Although new strategies of prevention are being identified, knowledge of the relationships between respiratory viruses remains limited.Materials and methodsECOVIR was a multicentric prospective study in primary care, which took place during two pre-pandemic seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020). Patients presenting to their General practitioner (GP) with ARIs were included, without selecting for age or clinical conditions. Viruses were detected on nasal swab samples using a multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction test focused on 17 viruses [Respiratory Syncytial Virus-A (RSV-A), RSV-B, Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (HRV), human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), Adenovirus (ADV), Coronaviruses (CoV) HKU1, NL63, 229E, OC43, Influenza virus (H1 and H3 subtypes), Influenza virus B, Para-Influenza viruses (PIVs) 1–4, and Bocavirus (BoV)].ResultsAmong the 668 analyzed samples, 66% were positive for at least one virus, of which 7.9% were viral codetections. The viral detection was negatively associated with the age of patients. BoV, ADV, and HRV occurred more significantly in younger patients than the other viruses (p < 0.05). Codetections were significantly associated with RSV, HRV, BoV, hMPV, and ADV and not associated with influenza viruses, CoV, and PIVs. HRV and influenza viruses were negatively associated with all the viruses. Conversely, a positive association was found between ADV and BoV and between PIVs and BoV.ConclusionOur study provides additional information on the relationships between respiratory viruses, which remains limited in primary care

    Etude des codétections virales dans les prélÚvements respiratoires : apport de la quantification virale normalisée pour la compréhension des infections respiratoires virales multiples.

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    Acute respiratory infections are the most abundant infections in the general population. They are mainly due to respiratory viruses, which infect patients in epidemic ways, generating a variety of pathologies that vary according to the age of the patient. Recent molecular techniques can provide precise qualitative virological diagnosis, which is still only available in hospitals. Detection of several viruses in respiratory samples, or viral co-detection, is frequent, and the question of significance and clinical interpretation arises when vaccines and specific antivirals are being developed and will be soon available.We used samples from two patient cohorts with very different profiles to develop quantitative PCR techniques for RSV (respiratory syncitial virus) and HRV (human rhinovirus), the two viruses most frequently found in viral codetections.Using the "GuĂ©rande" hospital cohort (n=719) of infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis, we found a very high rate of viral codetection (over 50%), with over 90% presence of RSV in respiratory samples, and a RSV/HRV co-infection rate of almost a third. The risk of being infected with HRV was higher in the absence of RSV, suggesting interferences or exclusion mechanisms between these two viruses.The "ECOVIR" cohort, conducted in primary care, included 685 patients of all ages presenting to their general practitioner's office. Respiratory samples were positive for at least one virus in 67% of cases, and 8% were positive for at least two viruses. Viral codetections were associated with RSV and HRV, but also with bocavirus and metapneumovirus. We analyzed the associations between the different respiratory viruses, and found that HRV was negatively associated with all viruses except adenovirus and bocavirus.In the final part of this thesis, we analyzed the respiratory viral loads of RSV and HRV in samples from both cohorts, and sequenced rhinoviruses in positive samples in Multiplex PCR. We found that the risk of viral co-detection was higher in hospitalized versus ambulatory patients. We also found a positive correlation between HRV and RSV respiratory viral loads and cell abundance, reflecting the lytic activity of the viruses. We found higher respiratory viral loads in infants and the elderly, explaining the greater clinical impact of these viruses in these fragile populations. Finally, we demonstrated a lower HRV viral load in cases of co-infection with RSV, further confirming a negative interference between these two viruses, to the detriment of HRV.Many parameters therefore influence the natural history of respiratory viral infections, and quantifying respiratory viral loads can go a long way towards explaining this. This thesis work has begun to provide some answers; future projects involving the monitoring of respiratory viral loads for each patient during the course of an infection, or the respiratory inflammatory environment during these coinfections, could provide further support for our research.Les infections respiratoires aiguĂ«s sont les infections les plus abondantes dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Elles sont majoritairement dues Ă  des virus respiratoires, qui infectent les patients de façon Ă©pidĂ©mique, engendrant des pathologies variĂ©es et diffĂ©rentes selon l’ñge des patients. Les techniques molĂ©culaires rĂ©centes permettent un diagnostic virologique qualitatif prĂ©cis, accessible encore uniquement en milieu hospitalier. La dĂ©tection de plusieurs virus dans les prĂ©lĂšvements respiratoires, ou codĂ©tection virale, est frĂ©quente, et la question de la significativitĂ© et de l’interprĂ©tation clinique se pose, Ă  l’heure oĂč les vaccins et les antiviraux spĂ©cifiques se dĂ©veloppent et vont ĂȘtre trĂšs prochainement accessibles.Nous avons utilisĂ© les prĂ©lĂšvements issus de deux cohortes de patients, aux profils trĂšs diffĂ©rents, pour mettre au point des techniques de PCR quantitatives du VRS (virus respiratoire syncitial) et de l’HRV (rhinovirus humain), ces deux virus Ă©tant les plus frĂ©quemment retrouvĂ©s dans les codĂ©tections virales.GrĂące Ă  la cohorte hospitaliĂšre « GuĂ©rande » (n=719), de nourrissons hospitalisĂ©s pour bronchiolite aiguĂ«, nous avons retrouvĂ© un taux de codĂ©tection virale trĂšs important (plus de 50%), avec une prĂ©sence de plus de 90% du VRS dans les Ă©chantillons respiratoires, et un taux de coinfections VRS/HRV de prĂšs d’un tiers. Le risque d’ĂȘtre infectĂ© par le HRV Ă©tait plus Ă©levĂ© en l’absence de VRS, suggĂ©rant des interfĂ©rences ou des mĂ©canismes d’exclusion entre ces deux virus.La cohorte « ECOVIR », rĂ©alisĂ©e en soins primaires, a permis d’inclure 685 patients de tous Ăąges se prĂ©sentant au cabinet de leur mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste. Les prĂ©lĂšvements respiratoires Ă©taient pour 67% d’entre eux positifs Ă  au moins un virus, et 8% Ă©taient positifs Ă  au moins deux virus. Les codĂ©tections virales Ă©taient associĂ©es au VRS, Ă  l’HRV mais Ă©galement au bocavirus et au metapneumovirus. Nous avons analysĂ© les associations entre les diffĂ©rents virus respiratoires, et avons retrouvĂ© que l’HRV Ă©tait associĂ© nĂ©gativement Ă  tous les virus, Ă  l’exception de l’adĂ©novirus et du bocavirus.Dans la derniĂšre partie de ce travail de thĂšse, nous avons analysĂ© les charges virales respiratoires du VRS et de l’HRV dans les prĂ©lĂšvements issus des deux cohortes, et sĂ©quencĂ© les rhinovirus des prĂ©lĂšvements positifs en PCR Multiplex. Nous avons trouvĂ© que le risque de codĂ©tection virale Ă©tait plus important chez les patients hospitalisĂ©s versus les patients ambulatoires. Nous avons Ă©galement retrouvĂ© une corrĂ©lation positive entre les charges virales respiratoires de l’HRV et du VRS et l’abondance cellulaire, reflet de l’activitĂ© lytique des virus. Nous avons retrouvĂ© des charges virales respiratoires plus Ă©levĂ©es chez les nourrissons et les personnes ĂągĂ©es, expliquant l’impact clinique plus important de ces virus dans ces populations fragiles. Nous avons enfin mis en Ă©vidence une charge virale HRV plus faible en cas de coinfection avec le VRS, confirmant encore une interfĂ©rence nĂ©gative entre ces deux virus, au dĂ©triment de l’HRV.De nombreux paramĂštres influencent donc l'histoire naturelle des infections virales respiratoires, et la quantification des charges virales respiratoires peut grandement l'expliquer. Ce travail de thĂšse a permis de commencer Ă  apporter des rĂ©ponses ; de futurs projets portant sur le suivi des charges virales respiratoires pour chaque patient au cours d’une infection, ou encore sur l’environnement inflammatoire respiratoire lors de ces coinfections pourraient permettre d’étayer nos recherches

    Etude des codétections virales dans les prélÚvements respiratoires : apport de la quantification virale normalisée pour la compréhension des infections respiratoires virales multiples.

    No full text
    Acute respiratory infections are the most abundant infections in the general population. They are mainly due to respiratory viruses, which infect patients in epidemic ways, generating a variety of pathologies that vary according to the age of the patient. Recent molecular techniques can provide precise qualitative virological diagnosis, which is still only available in hospitals. Detection of several viruses in respiratory samples, or viral co-detection, is frequent, and the question of significance and clinical interpretation arises when vaccines and specific antivirals are being developed and will be soon available.We used samples from two patient cohorts with very different profiles to develop quantitative PCR techniques for RSV (respiratory syncitial virus) and HRV (human rhinovirus), the two viruses most frequently found in viral codetections.Using the "GuĂ©rande" hospital cohort (n=719) of infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis, we found a very high rate of viral codetection (over 50%), with over 90% presence of RSV in respiratory samples, and a RSV/HRV co-infection rate of almost a third. The risk of being infected with HRV was higher in the absence of RSV, suggesting interferences or exclusion mechanisms between these two viruses.The "ECOVIR" cohort, conducted in primary care, included 685 patients of all ages presenting to their general practitioner's office. Respiratory samples were positive for at least one virus in 67% of cases, and 8% were positive for at least two viruses. Viral codetections were associated with RSV and HRV, but also with bocavirus and metapneumovirus. We analyzed the associations between the different respiratory viruses, and found that HRV was negatively associated with all viruses except adenovirus and bocavirus.In the final part of this thesis, we analyzed the respiratory viral loads of RSV and HRV in samples from both cohorts, and sequenced rhinoviruses in positive samples in Multiplex PCR. We found that the risk of viral co-detection was higher in hospitalized versus ambulatory patients. We also found a positive correlation between HRV and RSV respiratory viral loads and cell abundance, reflecting the lytic activity of the viruses. We found higher respiratory viral loads in infants and the elderly, explaining the greater clinical impact of these viruses in these fragile populations. Finally, we demonstrated a lower HRV viral load in cases of co-infection with RSV, further confirming a negative interference between these two viruses, to the detriment of HRV.Many parameters therefore influence the natural history of respiratory viral infections, and quantifying respiratory viral loads can go a long way towards explaining this. This thesis work has begun to provide some answers; future projects involving the monitoring of respiratory viral loads for each patient during the course of an infection, or the respiratory inflammatory environment during these coinfections, could provide further support for our research.Les infections respiratoires aiguĂ«s sont les infections les plus abondantes dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Elles sont majoritairement dues Ă  des virus respiratoires, qui infectent les patients de façon Ă©pidĂ©mique, engendrant des pathologies variĂ©es et diffĂ©rentes selon l’ñge des patients. Les techniques molĂ©culaires rĂ©centes permettent un diagnostic virologique qualitatif prĂ©cis, accessible encore uniquement en milieu hospitalier. La dĂ©tection de plusieurs virus dans les prĂ©lĂšvements respiratoires, ou codĂ©tection virale, est frĂ©quente, et la question de la significativitĂ© et de l’interprĂ©tation clinique se pose, Ă  l’heure oĂč les vaccins et les antiviraux spĂ©cifiques se dĂ©veloppent et vont ĂȘtre trĂšs prochainement accessibles.Nous avons utilisĂ© les prĂ©lĂšvements issus de deux cohortes de patients, aux profils trĂšs diffĂ©rents, pour mettre au point des techniques de PCR quantitatives du VRS (virus respiratoire syncitial) et de l’HRV (rhinovirus humain), ces deux virus Ă©tant les plus frĂ©quemment retrouvĂ©s dans les codĂ©tections virales.GrĂące Ă  la cohorte hospitaliĂšre « GuĂ©rande » (n=719), de nourrissons hospitalisĂ©s pour bronchiolite aiguĂ«, nous avons retrouvĂ© un taux de codĂ©tection virale trĂšs important (plus de 50%), avec une prĂ©sence de plus de 90% du VRS dans les Ă©chantillons respiratoires, et un taux de coinfections VRS/HRV de prĂšs d’un tiers. Le risque d’ĂȘtre infectĂ© par le HRV Ă©tait plus Ă©levĂ© en l’absence de VRS, suggĂ©rant des interfĂ©rences ou des mĂ©canismes d’exclusion entre ces deux virus.La cohorte « ECOVIR », rĂ©alisĂ©e en soins primaires, a permis d’inclure 685 patients de tous Ăąges se prĂ©sentant au cabinet de leur mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste. Les prĂ©lĂšvements respiratoires Ă©taient pour 67% d’entre eux positifs Ă  au moins un virus, et 8% Ă©taient positifs Ă  au moins deux virus. Les codĂ©tections virales Ă©taient associĂ©es au VRS, Ă  l’HRV mais Ă©galement au bocavirus et au metapneumovirus. Nous avons analysĂ© les associations entre les diffĂ©rents virus respiratoires, et avons retrouvĂ© que l’HRV Ă©tait associĂ© nĂ©gativement Ă  tous les virus, Ă  l’exception de l’adĂ©novirus et du bocavirus.Dans la derniĂšre partie de ce travail de thĂšse, nous avons analysĂ© les charges virales respiratoires du VRS et de l’HRV dans les prĂ©lĂšvements issus des deux cohortes, et sĂ©quencĂ© les rhinovirus des prĂ©lĂšvements positifs en PCR Multiplex. Nous avons trouvĂ© que le risque de codĂ©tection virale Ă©tait plus important chez les patients hospitalisĂ©s versus les patients ambulatoires. Nous avons Ă©galement retrouvĂ© une corrĂ©lation positive entre les charges virales respiratoires de l’HRV et du VRS et l’abondance cellulaire, reflet de l’activitĂ© lytique des virus. Nous avons retrouvĂ© des charges virales respiratoires plus Ă©levĂ©es chez les nourrissons et les personnes ĂągĂ©es, expliquant l’impact clinique plus important de ces virus dans ces populations fragiles. Nous avons enfin mis en Ă©vidence une charge virale HRV plus faible en cas de coinfection avec le VRS, confirmant encore une interfĂ©rence nĂ©gative entre ces deux virus, au dĂ©triment de l’HRV.De nombreux paramĂštres influencent donc l'histoire naturelle des infections virales respiratoires, et la quantification des charges virales respiratoires peut grandement l'expliquer. Ce travail de thĂšse a permis de commencer Ă  apporter des rĂ©ponses ; de futurs projets portant sur le suivi des charges virales respiratoires pour chaque patient au cours d’une infection, ou encore sur l’environnement inflammatoire respiratoire lors de ces coinfections pourraient permettre d’étayer nos recherches

    Study of viral cÎżdetectiÎżns in respiratory specimens : nÎżrmalized viral loads quantitatiÎżn to understand multiple viral respiratory infectiÎżns.

    No full text
    Les infections respiratoires aiguĂ«s sont les infections les plus abondantes dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Elles sont majoritairement dues Ă  des virus respiratoires, qui infectent les patients de façon Ă©pidĂ©mique, engendrant des pathologies variĂ©es et diffĂ©rentes selon l’ñge des patients. Les techniques molĂ©culaires rĂ©centes permettent un diagnostic virologique qualitatif prĂ©cis, accessible encore uniquement en milieu hospitalier. La dĂ©tection de plusieurs virus dans les prĂ©lĂšvements respiratoires, ou codĂ©tection virale, est frĂ©quente, et la question de la significativitĂ© et de l’interprĂ©tation clinique se pose, Ă  l’heure oĂč les vaccins et les antiviraux spĂ©cifiques se dĂ©veloppent et vont ĂȘtre trĂšs prochainement accessibles.Nous avons utilisĂ© les prĂ©lĂšvements issus de deux cohortes de patients, aux profils trĂšs diffĂ©rents, pour mettre au point des techniques de PCR quantitatives du VRS (virus respiratoire syncitial) et de l’HRV (rhinovirus humain), ces deux virus Ă©tant les plus frĂ©quemment retrouvĂ©s dans les codĂ©tections virales.GrĂące Ă  la cohorte hospitaliĂšre « GuĂ©rande » (n=719), de nourrissons hospitalisĂ©s pour bronchiolite aiguĂ«, nous avons retrouvĂ© un taux de codĂ©tection virale trĂšs important (plus de 50%), avec une prĂ©sence de plus de 90% du VRS dans les Ă©chantillons respiratoires, et un taux de coinfections VRS/HRV de prĂšs d’un tiers. Le risque d’ĂȘtre infectĂ© par le HRV Ă©tait plus Ă©levĂ© en l’absence de VRS, suggĂ©rant des interfĂ©rences ou des mĂ©canismes d’exclusion entre ces deux virus.La cohorte « ECOVIR », rĂ©alisĂ©e en soins primaires, a permis d’inclure 685 patients de tous Ăąges se prĂ©sentant au cabinet de leur mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste. Les prĂ©lĂšvements respiratoires Ă©taient pour 67% d’entre eux positifs Ă  au moins un virus, et 8% Ă©taient positifs Ă  au moins deux virus. Les codĂ©tections virales Ă©taient associĂ©es au VRS, Ă  l’HRV mais Ă©galement au bocavirus et au metapneumovirus. Nous avons analysĂ© les associations entre les diffĂ©rents virus respiratoires, et avons retrouvĂ© que l’HRV Ă©tait associĂ© nĂ©gativement Ă  tous les virus, Ă  l’exception de l’adĂ©novirus et du bocavirus.Dans la derniĂšre partie de ce travail de thĂšse, nous avons analysĂ© les charges virales respiratoires du VRS et de l’HRV dans les prĂ©lĂšvements issus des deux cohortes, et sĂ©quencĂ© les rhinovirus des prĂ©lĂšvements positifs en PCR Multiplex. Nous avons trouvĂ© que le risque de codĂ©tection virale Ă©tait plus important chez les patients hospitalisĂ©s versus les patients ambulatoires. Nous avons Ă©galement retrouvĂ© une corrĂ©lation positive entre les charges virales respiratoires de l’HRV et du VRS et l’abondance cellulaire, reflet de l’activitĂ© lytique des virus. Nous avons retrouvĂ© des charges virales respiratoires plus Ă©levĂ©es chez les nourrissons et les personnes ĂągĂ©es, expliquant l’impact clinique plus important de ces virus dans ces populations fragiles. Nous avons enfin mis en Ă©vidence une charge virale HRV plus faible en cas de coinfection avec le VRS, confirmant encore une interfĂ©rence nĂ©gative entre ces deux virus, au dĂ©triment de l’HRV.De nombreux paramĂštres influencent donc l'histoire naturelle des infections virales respiratoires, et la quantification des charges virales respiratoires peut grandement l'expliquer. Ce travail de thĂšse a permis de commencer Ă  apporter des rĂ©ponses ; de futurs projets portant sur le suivi des charges virales respiratoires pour chaque patient au cours d’une infection, ou encore sur l’environnement inflammatoire respiratoire lors de ces coinfections pourraient permettre d’étayer nos recherches.Acute respiratory infections are the most abundant infections in the general population. They are mainly due to respiratory viruses, which infect patients in epidemic ways, generating a variety of pathologies that vary according to the age of the patient. Recent molecular techniques can provide precise qualitative virological diagnosis, which is still only available in hospitals. Detection of several viruses in respiratory samples, or viral co-detection, is frequent, and the question of significance and clinical interpretation arises when vaccines and specific antivirals are being developed and will be soon available.We used samples from two patient cohorts with very different profiles to develop quantitative PCR techniques for RSV (respiratory syncitial virus) and HRV (human rhinovirus), the two viruses most frequently found in viral codetections.Using the "GuĂ©rande" hospital cohort (n=719) of infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis, we found a very high rate of viral codetection (over 50%), with over 90% presence of RSV in respiratory samples, and a RSV/HRV co-infection rate of almost a third. The risk of being infected with HRV was higher in the absence of RSV, suggesting interferences or exclusion mechanisms between these two viruses.The "ECOVIR" cohort, conducted in primary care, included 685 patients of all ages presenting to their general practitioner's office. Respiratory samples were positive for at least one virus in 67% of cases, and 8% were positive for at least two viruses. Viral codetections were associated with RSV and HRV, but also with bocavirus and metapneumovirus. We analyzed the associations between the different respiratory viruses, and found that HRV was negatively associated with all viruses except adenovirus and bocavirus.In the final part of this thesis, we analyzed the respiratory viral loads of RSV and HRV in samples from both cohorts, and sequenced rhinoviruses in positive samples in Multiplex PCR. We found that the risk of viral co-detection was higher in hospitalized versus ambulatory patients. We also found a positive correlation between HRV and RSV respiratory viral loads and cell abundance, reflecting the lytic activity of the viruses. We found higher respiratory viral loads in infants and the elderly, explaining the greater clinical impact of these viruses in these fragile populations. Finally, we demonstrated a lower HRV viral load in cases of co-infection with RSV, further confirming a negative interference between these two viruses, to the detriment of HRV.Many parameters therefore influence the natural history of respiratory viral infections, and quantifying respiratory viral loads can go a long way towards explaining this. This thesis work has begun to provide some answers; future projects involving the monitoring of respiratory viral loads for each patient during the course of an infection, or the respiratory inflammatory environment during these coinfections, could provide further support for our research

    Devenir respiratoire de l'asthme du nourrisson. RĂ©sultats d'une cohorte de suivi Ă  3 ans

    No full text
    L’asthme du nourrisson, enjeu de santĂ© publique face Ă  sa grande frĂ©quence et sa morbiditĂ©, a une dĂ©finition clinique. Lorsque la maladie est sĂ©vĂšre, et non contrĂŽlĂ©e, malgrĂ© un traitement optimal, des examens complĂ©mentaires sont rĂ©alisĂ©s afin d’éliminer un diagnostic diffĂ©rentiel, et de guider l’attitude thĂ©rapeutique. Dans ce contexte, nous avons cherchĂ© Ă  Ă©valuer le niveau de contrĂŽle de l’asthme Ă  3 ans chez des nourrissons prĂ©sentant un asthme du nourrisson sĂ©vĂšre, non contrĂŽlĂ©, admis en hĂŽpital de jour pour bilan, et identifier les facteurs de non-contrĂŽle de cet asthme Ă  3 ans de l’inclusion. Patients et mĂ©thodes : Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective unicentrique au sein du CHU de Rouen. Chaque patient Ă©tait admis en hĂŽpital de jour pĂ©diatrique pour rĂ©alisation d’une fibroscopie bronchique dans le cadre d’un asthme du nourrisson sĂ©vĂšre non contrĂŽlĂ©. Nous avons recueilli les rĂ©sultats des bilans clinique, biologique et radiologique rĂ©alisĂ©s lors de l’hospitalisation de jour, puis les donnĂ©es du suivi ambulatoire Ă  1, 2 et 3 ans (t+1, t+2, t+3), afin d’étudier l’évolution de cet asthme, et d’identifier des facteurs de non-contrĂŽle de celui-ci. RĂ©sultats : Nous avons inclus 135 patients, et 63 patients avaient toujours un suivi spĂ©cialisĂ© dans notre centre Ă  3 ans. La mĂ©diane d’ñge Ă  l’inclusion Ă©tait de 12 mois. 32% des patients suivis prĂ©sentaient encore un asthme sĂ©vĂšre non contrĂŽlĂ© Ă  t+3. Il existe une diminution significative des traitements de fond Ă  t+3 (pDiscussion : Notre Ă©tude est unique quant Ă  sa population trĂšs jeune, prĂ©sentant un asthme trĂšs sĂ©vĂšre (80% d’enfants inclus avec antĂ©cĂ©dents d’hospitalisation, 8% en rĂ©animation), et Ă©tudiant les facteurs de non-contrĂŽle Ă  3 ans. Notre approche par la thĂ©rapeutique est Ă©galement originale, permettant d’étudier l’évolution de la « pression thĂ©rapeutique » dans les premiĂšres annĂ©es de cette maladie frĂ©quente dont la physiopathologie reste encore peu connue. Conclusion : Nous avons montrĂ© des facteurs de persistance de non-contrĂŽle d’asthme du nourrisson sĂ©vĂšre : tabagisme passif, sexe fĂ©minin, premiĂšre bronchiolite Ă  un trĂšs jeune Ăąge et IgE totales augmentĂ©es

    Etude des codétections virales dans les prélÚvements respiratoires : apport de la quantification virale normalisée pour la compréhension des infections respiratoires virales multiples.

    No full text
    Acute respiratory infections are the most abundant infections in the general population. They are mainly due to respiratory viruses, which infect patients in epidemic ways, generating a variety of pathologies that vary according to the age of the patient. Recent molecular techniques can provide precise qualitative virological diagnosis, which is still only available in hospitals. Detection of several viruses in respiratory samples, or viral co-detection, is frequent, and the question of significance and clinical interpretation arises when vaccines and specific antivirals are being developed and will be soon available.We used samples from two patient cohorts with very different profiles to develop quantitative PCR techniques for RSV (respiratory syncitial virus) and HRV (human rhinovirus), the two viruses most frequently found in viral codetections.Using the "GuĂ©rande" hospital cohort (n=719) of infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis, we found a very high rate of viral codetection (over 50%), with over 90% presence of RSV in respiratory samples, and a RSV/HRV co-infection rate of almost a third. The risk of being infected with HRV was higher in the absence of RSV, suggesting interferences or exclusion mechanisms between these two viruses.The "ECOVIR" cohort, conducted in primary care, included 685 patients of all ages presenting to their general practitioner's office. Respiratory samples were positive for at least one virus in 67% of cases, and 8% were positive for at least two viruses. Viral codetections were associated with RSV and HRV, but also with bocavirus and metapneumovirus. We analyzed the associations between the different respiratory viruses, and found that HRV was negatively associated with all viruses except adenovirus and bocavirus.In the final part of this thesis, we analyzed the respiratory viral loads of RSV and HRV in samples from both cohorts, and sequenced rhinoviruses in positive samples in Multiplex PCR. We found that the risk of viral co-detection was higher in hospitalized versus ambulatory patients. We also found a positive correlation between HRV and RSV respiratory viral loads and cell abundance, reflecting the lytic activity of the viruses. We found higher respiratory viral loads in infants and the elderly, explaining the greater clinical impact of these viruses in these fragile populations. Finally, we demonstrated a lower HRV viral load in cases of co-infection with RSV, further confirming a negative interference between these two viruses, to the detriment of HRV.Many parameters therefore influence the natural history of respiratory viral infections, and quantifying respiratory viral loads can go a long way towards explaining this. This thesis work has begun to provide some answers; future projects involving the monitoring of respiratory viral loads for each patient during the course of an infection, or the respiratory inflammatory environment during these coinfections, could provide further support for our research.Les infections respiratoires aiguĂ«s sont les infections les plus abondantes dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Elles sont majoritairement dues Ă  des virus respiratoires, qui infectent les patients de façon Ă©pidĂ©mique, engendrant des pathologies variĂ©es et diffĂ©rentes selon l’ñge des patients. Les techniques molĂ©culaires rĂ©centes permettent un diagnostic virologique qualitatif prĂ©cis, accessible encore uniquement en milieu hospitalier. La dĂ©tection de plusieurs virus dans les prĂ©lĂšvements respiratoires, ou codĂ©tection virale, est frĂ©quente, et la question de la significativitĂ© et de l’interprĂ©tation clinique se pose, Ă  l’heure oĂč les vaccins et les antiviraux spĂ©cifiques se dĂ©veloppent et vont ĂȘtre trĂšs prochainement accessibles.Nous avons utilisĂ© les prĂ©lĂšvements issus de deux cohortes de patients, aux profils trĂšs diffĂ©rents, pour mettre au point des techniques de PCR quantitatives du VRS (virus respiratoire syncitial) et de l’HRV (rhinovirus humain), ces deux virus Ă©tant les plus frĂ©quemment retrouvĂ©s dans les codĂ©tections virales.GrĂące Ă  la cohorte hospitaliĂšre « GuĂ©rande » (n=719), de nourrissons hospitalisĂ©s pour bronchiolite aiguĂ«, nous avons retrouvĂ© un taux de codĂ©tection virale trĂšs important (plus de 50%), avec une prĂ©sence de plus de 90% du VRS dans les Ă©chantillons respiratoires, et un taux de coinfections VRS/HRV de prĂšs d’un tiers. Le risque d’ĂȘtre infectĂ© par le HRV Ă©tait plus Ă©levĂ© en l’absence de VRS, suggĂ©rant des interfĂ©rences ou des mĂ©canismes d’exclusion entre ces deux virus.La cohorte « ECOVIR », rĂ©alisĂ©e en soins primaires, a permis d’inclure 685 patients de tous Ăąges se prĂ©sentant au cabinet de leur mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste. Les prĂ©lĂšvements respiratoires Ă©taient pour 67% d’entre eux positifs Ă  au moins un virus, et 8% Ă©taient positifs Ă  au moins deux virus. Les codĂ©tections virales Ă©taient associĂ©es au VRS, Ă  l’HRV mais Ă©galement au bocavirus et au metapneumovirus. Nous avons analysĂ© les associations entre les diffĂ©rents virus respiratoires, et avons retrouvĂ© que l’HRV Ă©tait associĂ© nĂ©gativement Ă  tous les virus, Ă  l’exception de l’adĂ©novirus et du bocavirus.Dans la derniĂšre partie de ce travail de thĂšse, nous avons analysĂ© les charges virales respiratoires du VRS et de l’HRV dans les prĂ©lĂšvements issus des deux cohortes, et sĂ©quencĂ© les rhinovirus des prĂ©lĂšvements positifs en PCR Multiplex. Nous avons trouvĂ© que le risque de codĂ©tection virale Ă©tait plus important chez les patients hospitalisĂ©s versus les patients ambulatoires. Nous avons Ă©galement retrouvĂ© une corrĂ©lation positive entre les charges virales respiratoires de l’HRV et du VRS et l’abondance cellulaire, reflet de l’activitĂ© lytique des virus. Nous avons retrouvĂ© des charges virales respiratoires plus Ă©levĂ©es chez les nourrissons et les personnes ĂągĂ©es, expliquant l’impact clinique plus important de ces virus dans ces populations fragiles. Nous avons enfin mis en Ă©vidence une charge virale HRV plus faible en cas de coinfection avec le VRS, confirmant encore une interfĂ©rence nĂ©gative entre ces deux virus, au dĂ©triment de l’HRV.De nombreux paramĂštres influencent donc l'histoire naturelle des infections virales respiratoires, et la quantification des charges virales respiratoires peut grandement l'expliquer. Ce travail de thĂšse a permis de commencer Ă  apporter des rĂ©ponses ; de futurs projets portant sur le suivi des charges virales respiratoires pour chaque patient au cours d’une infection, ou encore sur l’environnement inflammatoire respiratoire lors de ces coinfections pourraient permettre d’étayer nos recherches

    Ischemic stroke on SARS‐CoV2 vasculitis in a healthy young girl

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    Abstract Background and Aims In France, we noted the fifth wave of SARS‐CoV2 pandemic, characterized by presence of Omicron variant. This variant is very contagious, but less often aggressive, especially in pediatric population. Methods We report a case of a 10‐year‐old girl, previously healthy, not yet vaccinated for SARS‐CoV2, presented to our emergency department for left hemiparesis associated with headache and vomiting, without any signs of respiratory tract infection. Results Cerebral CT and MRI showed an ischemic stroke of right sylvian artery. Magnetic resonance angiography performed upon resurgence of new symptoms was in favor of vasculitis on the right internal carotid and right sylvian artery. PCR SARS‐CoV2 was positive for Omicron variant. She fully recovered after few days and was treated with acetylsalicylic acid and intravenous corticosteroids. Conclusion We report this case to raise awareness on the possible complications related to SARS‐CoV2 infection and we highly recommend vaccination in this age group
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