Archeometric Investigation of the Stone Tools of the Vatya Culture (Pest County, Hungary)

With the analysis of the middle Bronze Age (2000–1350 BC) Vatya culture findings in Pest county (Central Hungary) comprising of more than 400 polished stone tools and instrument tools this is the first archaeometric study with such scale in Hungary. In order to characterize petrographically the raw-material of the stone tools macroscopic and microscopic stone analyses were made together with mineralogical and geochemical analyses. In the course of the work a new digital database the Archaeometric Stone Tool Database was established. Based on the results, the material of the instrument stones is mainly sandstone and quartzite that were easy to collect from their source areas. Local volcanics, mostly amphibole containing andesite variations dominated among the material of the polished stone tools. Ophiolites (metamorphic basic rocks, serpentinized basic and ultrabasic rocks) were the raw-material of stone axes that indicate either more distant travels for raw-material or exchange import

Hajdúnánás-Tedej – Lyukas-halom: egy alföldi kurgán régészeti értékelése és természettudományos vizsgálata

Kurgans are special man-made flatland formations of the endless steppe of Eurasia. The multidisciplinary excavation of Hajdúnánás-Tedej – Lyukas-halom, one of the typical Pit Grave kurgans in the Great Hungarian Plain region is presented in the paper. For centuries, archaeology has been the primary science to examine these objects. The buried soil profiles under burial mounds (kurgans) are the messengers of ancient landscape forming factors, soil generation processes and palaeobotanical patterns. Results from palaeopedology, soil micromorphology, geochemistry, palaeobotany (phytolith analysis and palynology) and archaeology are summarised in order to understand the evolution, construction and the former palaeoenvironment of the kurgan and its close vicinity. Based on the results gained from the various disciplines and the archaeological findings excavated at the kurgan the study gives an insight into the Late Copper Age and Early Bronze Age 1-2 periods including the Boleráz / Baden, Coţofeni, Pit-Grave, Makó and Nyírség cultures in north-eastern Hungary. Geochemical analysis underlines that the kurgan was built in several, separate stages. Palaeobotanical results have underlined the existence of a central ridge inhabited by (semi)xerofi l steppe vegetation and lower microrelief depressions around it. Although phytoliths have shown the possible existence of a grove-like habitat, arboreal pollen is underrepresented in the samples. This is complemented by the palaeopedological analysis of the buried soil profi le under the formation, which was identifi ed as a Chernozem soil. Palynological analysis has drawn the attention on the probable human impact in the outer skirts of the later kurgan as weed species have occurred in higher concentrations in the examined samples

Átmeneti kettős látás és szemizombénulás fogászati érzéstelenítést követően = Transient diplopia and ophthalmoplegia following dental anaesthesia. Review of the literature and case report

Absztrakt: A fogászati érzéstelenítés az egyik leggyakrabban végzett orvosi beavatkozás. Szemészeti szövődmények ugyan ritkán fordulnak elő, ezek azonban ijesztőek lehetnek, és orvosi-jogi kérdéseket is felvethetnek. A fogorvosoknak és szájsebészeknek tisztában kell lenniük ezekkel a mellékhatásokkal, a kezelésben a szem- és sürgősségi orvosoknak komoly szerepük lehet. A mellékhatások szerencsére általában átmenetiek. Differenciáldiagnózis szempontjából a legfontosabb a vérzéses vagy ischaemiás stroke, ezért lényeges ezek kizárása, a vitális paraméterek megfigyelése. A megfelelő pszichológiai vezetés létfontosságú. A tervezett fogorvosi-szájsebészeti beavatkozás általában elvégezhető, de csak akkor, ha a páciens ehhez hozzájárul. Közleményünkben egy intraoralis érzéstelenítés következtében kialakult átmeneti kettős látás és szemizombénulás esetét ismertetjük, valamint áttekintjük az ezzel kapcsolatos nemzetközi szakirodalmat. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(52): 2212–2216. | Abstract: Dental anaesthesia is one of the most frequently performed medical procedures. Although the frequency of ocular complications is low, these can be alarming and can potentially give rise to medicolegal issues. Dentists and oral surgeons should be well-informed of these adverse reactions. Ophthalmologists and emergency physicians might be required for appropriate care of these patients. Fortunately, most ocular complications related to dental anesthesia are transient. Differential diagnosis includes stroke and intracranial hemorrhage and so vital signs are to be closely monitored. The planned surgical procedure can be carried out once the patient is fully informed and gave consent. The psychological aspect of such unexpected complication must be managed appropriately. We report a case with diplopia and ophthalmoplegia of a reversible and temporary nature. We also include a literature review of ophthalmologic complications after intraoral local anaesthesia in this paper. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(52): 2212–2216

Data analysis applied to diabetic retinopathy screening: performance evaluation

The number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of blindness in the developed world. A pooled analysis of data from between 1980-2008 estimates that 93 million people around the world have DR. In this paper, we present a computer-aided automated image analysis system capable of handling images generated in real-life screening program. In this study, we analyzed 2932 color fundus images taken from 733 patients with DM, of which 454 (15%) images showed signs of DR validated by human graders. The system analyzed all images by detecting anatomical components such as the optic disc, macula and vascular system of the retina, then microaneurysms (MAs) and exudates as lesions. Once the presence/absence of the structures was determined, the combination of the results was subsequently used to provide a “DR/No DR” decision using a machine learning approach. The fundus images were graded by a trained and certified expert grader as well and the final diagnosis was compared to the outcome of the computer-based approach. The performances of the MA and exudate detectors used by the system were also evaluated. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.90 with the best performing setting of the algorithm. The evaluation of the proposed approach shows that it performs well against human graders and therefore might have the potential to be used in a clinical setting. There is a need for further evaluation on large scale, real-life clinical setting to explore its clinical utility. Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, image processing, automatic screening, decision support, distributed processing MSC: 68U10, 68M1