ORGANIZAÇÃO PARLAMENTAR, PROCESSO DECISÓRIO E PRODUÇÃO LEGISLATIVA NO CENÁRIO POLÍTICO CAPIXABA: UMA ANÁLISE DA ASSEMBLEIA LEGISLATIVA DO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO NA 16ª LEGISLATURA (2007-2010).

Esta pesquisa é um estudo sobre o processo legislativo e a produção de leis na ALES, durante a 16ª Legislatura. O escopo do estudo foi o de analisar o impacto das regras, contidas no regimento interno e na Constituição estadual, na produção de leis entre 2007 e 2010. O pressuposto geral da abordagem advém do Novo Institucionalismo como movimento teórico da Ciência Política contemporânea, que nos permite inferir que as regras institucionais, para além de serem simples regras de organização das Casas Legislativas, influenciam no processo decisório e, consequentemente, na produção de leis. Importando as análises dos modelos distributivo, informacional e partidário de organização dos Legislativos, a pesquisa permitiu concluir que, a ALES, de 2007 a 2010, manteve seus trabalhos alinhados à versão distributiva. O parlamentar capixaba atuou, individualmente, a fim de manter suas bases eleitorais. Com relação à atuação do sistema comissional, foi identificada a inaptidão das comissões da ALES para influenciar o processo decisório. As comissões permanentes não possuem capacidade de moldar os projetos que por elas tramitam. O regime de tramitação influencia diretamente a produção de leis da ALES, notadamente, nas leis de autoria do Executivo, já que estas, tramitaram, quase que na totalidade, em regime de urgência. No que tange aos partidos, a fragmentação partidária identificada na ALES acaba por refletir nos dados obtidos sobre a produção de leis, na medida em que não existe uma verdadeira articulação em torno dos partidos como atores determinantes no processo legislativo da ALES. Enfim, em apertada síntese, foi possível constatar a imposição da agenda de trabalhos pelo Executivo. Os projetos aprovados, de temas importantes e abrangência estadual, foram, em sua maioria, propostos pelo Executivo; a urgência impacta frontalmente os projetos do Executivo, que são aprovadas em pequeno espaço de tempo; as comissões não possuem poder mínimo de influência nos projetos de autoria do Executivo; e os partidos, altamente fragmentados, não constituem instância com capacidade de articulação

Optogalvanic spectroscopy: some relevants aspects

In this work we present the optogalvanic effect in ionized gases in an historical perspective. This effect was observed for the first time by Foote and Mohler in 1925, and explained by Penning in 1928 for mixtures (Ne-Ar) and pure gases (or vapours) in 1937. Also, we show some aspects of the contributions of Romenian authors for the development of optogalvanic spectroscopy, which was used as a new technique only after 1964.13611364Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

The Unimolecular Reaction Of (ch3)3cno Following N-π* Excitation With A Tunable Dye Laser

The predissociation of (CH3)3CNO following the 570-710 nm laser excitation of the n-π transition is reported. The small fluorescence quantum yield and its short lifetime (<20 ns) indicate efficient radiationless processes prior to dissociation. NO is the major dissociation product and its concentration was monitored in real time by using the two-photon laser excited fluorescence technique. The NO yield as a function of wavelength followed very closely the absorption contours of (CH3) 3CNO. The NO production rate was > 108 s-1 at all wavelengths studied and this rate is too fast to be consistent with a mechanism involving a radiationless transition to the ground electronic state followed by energy randomization and dissociation. Alternative predissociation mechanisms are considered. © 1983 American Institue of Physics.7863785379

Como Estudar Interações Entre Nanopartículas E Sistemas Biológicos

Although in recent years there has been an increasing amount of literature on nanotechnology and their clinical applications, it is still scarce a deep understanding of the interactions at the molecular levels between nanoparticles and cells. Studies demonstrating the underlying mechanisms of nanoparticles endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and cellular processing are imperative to understand better how cells interact with those materials and their possible undesired effects, e.g. nanotoxicity. The rising awareness concerning nanoparticles applications and its interactions with the cellular environment is part of the new research field called Nanotoxicology. The cumulative knowledge in nanotoxicology will allow us to foresee toxic effects, establish regulations and limits for nanoparticles applications. In this work, we discuss the theoretical concepts about studying endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles-cell interactions are a multi-step process, which can be divided into nanoparticles' internalization, intracellular processing and triggering effects of nanomaterials on eukaryotic cells. Finally, we discuss the main techniques used to study this process: flow cytometry, use of endocytosis inhibitors and confocal microscopy.39101236124

Safety, Tolerability, and Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND:Among the many consequences of loss of CFTR protein function, a significant reduction of the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major pathogenic feature. Loss of HCO3- leads to abnormally low pH and impaired mucus clearance in airways and other exocrine organs, which suggests that NaHCO3 inhalation may be a low-cost, easily accessible therapy for CF. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of inhaled aerosols of NaHCO3 solutions (4.2% and 8.4%). METHODS:An experimental, prospective, open-label, pilot, clinical study was conducted with 12 CF volunteer participants over 18 years of age with bronchiectasis and pulmonary functions classified as mildly to severely depressed. Sputum rheology, pH, and microbiology were examined as well as spirometry, exercise performance, quality-of-life assessments, dyspnea, blood count, and venous blood gas levels. RESULTS:Sputum pH increased immediately after inhalation of NaHCO3 at each clinical visit and was inversely correlated with rheology when all parameters were evaluated: [G' (elasticity of the mucus) = - 0.241; G″ (viscosity of the mucus) = - 0.287; G* (viscoelasticity of the mucus) = - 0.275]. G* and G' were slightly correlated with peak flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and quality of life; G″ was correlated with quality of life; sputum pH was correlated with oxygen consumption (VO2) and vitality score in quality of life. No changes were observed in blood count, venous blood gas, respiratory rate, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), body temperature, or incidence of dyspnea. No adverse events associated with the study were observed. CONCLUSION:Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation appears to be a safe and well tolerated potential therapeutic agent in the management of CF. Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation temporarily elevates airway liquid pH and reduces sputum viscosity and viscoelasticity

Time-resolved Luminescence Spectroscopy: Computer Interfacing And Software Development For A Boxcar-based Laser-luminescence Spectrometer

The undesirable resistance-capacitance (RC) distortion coming from the exponential moving averaging process of a boxcar integrator/averager acquisition system in kinetic and spectral luminescence measurements could be effectively eliminated by interfacing it to a microcomputer. Accurate acquisition of luminescence decay curves and time-resolved spectra was provided by a developed software that allows synchronous scan control of the gate delay time in the boxcar integrator with the emission wavelength in the monochromator. Some simple mathematical calculation routines, including excited-state lifetime extraction from luminescence decay curves and normalization of time-resolved spectra, were added. The main characteristics of both the software and the interfacing hardware are reported. © 1993 Society for Applied Spectroscopy.47122044205

Synthesis And Characterization Of Inclusion Complex Of The Vasodilator Drug Minoxidil With β-cyclodextrin

The inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin and minoxidil (2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-oxide) was synthesized using two methods-kneading and freeze-drying-and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These techniques have demonstrated the existence of inclusion compound formation between the host and guest with a molar ratio of 1:1. The studies of solubility and the data obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed a weak interaction between the guest and the cyclodextrin molecules in solution. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.603-4369377Szejtli, J., Introduction and general overview of cyclodextrin chemistry (1998) Chem. Rev., 98, pp. 1743-1753Connors, K.A., The stability of cyclodextrin complexes in solution (1997) Chem. Rev., 97, pp. 1325-1358Szejtli, J., (1988) Cyclodextrin Technology, , Kluwer DordrechtEftink Andy, R.M.M.L., Bystrom, K., Perlmutter, H.D., Kristol, D.S., Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: Studies in the size of alicyclic guests (1989) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, pp. 6765-6772Uekama, K., Hirayama, F., Irie, T., Cyclodextrin drug carrier systems (1998) Chem. Rev., 98, pp. 2045-2076Loftsson, T., Brewster, M.E., Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. 1. Drug solubilization and stabilization (1996) J. Pharm. Sci., 85, p. 1017Gorecki, D.K.J., Minoxidil (1988) Anal. Prof. Drug Subst., 17, pp. 185-219Sabadini, E., Cosgrove, T., Egídio, F.C., Solubility of cyclomaltooligosaccharides (cyclodextrins) in H 2O and D2O: A comparative study (2006) Carbohydrate Res., 341, pp. 270-274Kurozumi, M., Nambu, N., Nagai, T., Inclusion compounds of non steroidal anti-inflammatory and other slightly water soluble drugs with α- And β-cyclodextrins in powdered form (1975) Chem. Pharm. Bull., 23, pp. 3062-3068Job, P., Reserches sur la formation de complexes mineraux en solution et sur leur stabilité (1928) Ann. Chim., 9, pp. 113-203Higuchi, T., Connors, K.A., Phase solubility techniques (1965) Adv. Anal. Chem. Instr., 4, pp. 117-212Giordano, F., Novak, C., Moyano, J.R., Thermal analysis of cyclodextrins and their inclusion compounds (2001) Thermochim. Acta, 380, pp. 123-151Kim, J., Lee, M., Rang, M., Minoxidil-containing dosage forms: Substantivity and after-rinsing hair growth promotion (2003) Drug Deliv., 10, pp. 119-123. , 2Thakkar, A.L., Demarco, P.V., Cycloheptaamylose inclusion complexes of barbutirates: Correlation between proton magnetic resonance and solubility studies (1971) J. Pharm. Sci., 60, pp. 652-653Schneider, H.J., Hacket, F., Rüdiger, V., NMR studies of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin complexes (1998) Chem. Rev., 98, pp. 1755-1786. , 5Greatbanks, D., Pickford, R., Cyclodextrins as chiral complexing agents in water, and their application to optical purity measurements (1987) Magn. Reson. Chem., 25, pp. 208-213Bax, A., Davis, D.G.J., Practical aspects of two-dimensional transverse NOE spectroscopy (1985) Magn. Reson., 63, pp. 207-213Rymdén, R., Carlfors, J., Stilbs, P., Substrate binding to cyclodextrins in aqueous solution: A multicomponent self-diffusion study (1983) J. Incl. Phenom., 1, pp. 159-167. , 2Lin, M., Jayawickrama, D.A., Rose, R.A., Delviscio, J.A., Larive, C.K., Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of the selective complexation of the cis and trans isomers of phenylalanylproline by β-cyclodextrin (1995) Anal. Chim. Acta, 307, pp. 449-45

TIME-RESOLVED LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY - COMPUTER INTERFACING AND SOFTWARE-DEVELOPMENT FOR A BOXCAR-BASED LASER-LUMINESCENCE SPECTROMETER

The undesirable resistance-capacitance (RC) distortion coming from the exponential moving averaging process of a boxcar integrator/averager acquisition system in kinetic and spectral luminescence measurements could be effectively eliminated by interfacing it to a microcomputer. Accurate acquisition of luminescence decay curves and time-resolved spectra was provided by a developed software that allows synchronous scan control of the gate delay time in the boxcar integrator with the emission wavelength in the monochromator. Some simple mathematical calculation routines, including excited-state lifetime extraction from luminescence decay curves and normalization of time-resolved spectra, were added. The main characteristics of both the software and the interfacing hardware are reported.47122044205