Templating Hip Arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Different methods have been developed and employed with variable degrees of success in pre-operative templating for total hip arthroplasty. Preoperative templating, especially digital templating, has been claimed to have increased the effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty by improving the precision of prediction of prosthetic implant size. AIMS: The overall aim of this systematic review is to identify whether the use of pre-operative templating in total hip arthroplasty procedures has resulted in increased accuracy, reliability and precision of the procedure. Various methods of templating, like traditional acetate overlay and digital method of templating that includes a single radiographic marker and double radiographic marker methods, have been compared to establish the most reliable method of templating. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and MEDLINE (1966 to present), EMBASE (1980 to present), CINAHL (1982 to present), Psych INFO (1967 to present) and Clinical Trials Gov. CONCLUSION: The results of this systemic review suggest that preoperative templating is resulting in an enormous increase in the accuracy of total hip arthroplasty and among various methods, King Mark is the most reliable method

Interaoperative frozen section consultation: an analysis of accuracy in a teaching hospital.

This Is a retrospective quality assurance study of all frozen sections done at The Aga Khan University Hospital during a six year period (1986 to 1991). There were 1,031 frozen sections out of a cumulative total of 42,985 surgical specimens (2.39%). Nine hundred and seventy-six (94.66%) were concordant. In 92(8.9%) fresh specimens were brought from other hospitals of Karachi, in 37 cases (3.58%) the diagnosis was deferred till the evaluation of permanent paraffin sections and 18 (1,74%) were discordant with 7 (0.67%) false positive and 11(1,06%) false negative. Among the discordant cases, 9 were attributed to misinterpretation, 7 due to sampling errors and 2 due to technical reasons. Some of these errors might have been avoided, but appear to be an Irreducible minimum

Fuzzy-Likert scale based assessment of marketing risk faced by the hybrid rice growers of Bangladesh

The primary concentration of this study was to assess the marketing risks faced by hybrid rice growers and explore the trajectories. With this notion, data were collected from randomly selected 300 hybrid rice growers in purposively chosen areas with the application of a structured interview schedule and conducting five focus group discussions with the farmers. The study identified seven key risks responsible for the poor marketing of hybrid rice in Bangladesh. Perceived marketing risks were assessed by farmer's opinion on likelihood and severity of each risk source through using a fuzzy-Likert scale. According to the finding 'high fluctuation of hybrid rice price' was the most serious risk in hybrid rice marketing in Bangladesh. The regression result found several socio-demographic factors of the farmers are significantly related with perceived risk. This study, therefore, suggests government taking propolicies for hybrid rice growers organized around farmers' those socio-demographic characteristics for minimizing marketing risk

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward coronavirus and associated anxiety symptoms among university students : a cross-sectional study during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh

Background: University students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward COVID-19 are vital to prevent the spread of the virus, especially in the context of developing countries. Consequently, the present study aimed to determine the KAP levels of university students and associated anxiety during the earlier stage of the pandemic in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional, online study with 544 university students was conducted during April 17–May 1, 2020. The questionnaire incorporated several KAP-related test items aligned with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Anxiety was measured with the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between KAP levels and anxiety adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Subgroup analyses included rerunning models stratified by gender and quarantine status. Results: Approximately 50% of students showed high levels of knowledge about COVID-19 guidelines, 59% reported behavioral practices that aligned with COVID-19 guidelines, and 39% had negative attitudes toward COVID-19 guidelines. Attitudes differed by anxiety (χ2 = 23.55, p < 0.001); specifically, negative attitudes were associated with higher anxiety (OR: 2.40, 95% CI = 1.66–3.46, p < 0.001). Associations were significant for male (OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.45–3.84, p < 0.001) and female (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.3–4.34; p < 0.001) students. Stratified analyses found non-quarantined students with negative attitudes had three times the chance of experiencing anxiety (OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.98–4.98, p < 0.001). Non-quarantined students with low levels of knowledge had half the chance of developing anxiety (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31–0.78, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is recommended that university authorities continue to prioritize proactive and effective measures to develop higher levels of knowledge, more positive attitudes and better behavioral practices regarding COVID-19 for the mental health of their students

Mental Health Status of University Students and Working Professionals during the Early Stage of COVID-19 in Bangladesh

A novel coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 has spread globally and brought a public health emergency to all nations. To respond to the pandemic, the Bangladesh Government imposed a nationwide lockdown that may have degraded mental health among residents, in particular, university students and working professionals. We examined clinically significant anxiety levels with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and perceived stress levels with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) in an online cross-sectional study with 744 adults. Approximately 70% of respondents were afflicted with clinically significant anxiety levels, and more than 43.82% were afflicted with moderate or high perceived stress levels. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that postgraduates (OR = 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–8.75, p &lt; 0.05) were more likely to experience anxiety than their student counterparts. No such differences emerged for working professionals, however. Living with family members compared to living alone was a risk factor for perceived stress among working professionals (OR = 4.05, 95% CI = 1.45–11.32, p &lt; 0.05). COVID-19 stressors such as financial hardship (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.11–3.05, p &lt; 0.05) and worries of family members’ health (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.12–2.99) were risk factors for anxiety among students. Questionable social media news exposure (OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.13–7.92, p &lt; 0.05) contributed to the development of mental stress among working professionals. These findings confirm that effective initiatives and proactive efforts from concerned authorities are necessary to cope with the mental health correlates of the COVID-19 pandemic, including in developing contexts such as Bangladesh

Adolopment of adult diabetes mellitus management guidelines for a Pakistani context: Methodology and challenges

IntroductionPakistan has the highest national prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the world. Most high-quality T2DM clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) used internationally originate from high-income countries in the West. Local T2DM CPGs in Pakistan are not backed by transparent methodologies. We aimed to produce comprehensive, high-quality CPGs for the management of adult DM in Pakistan.MethodsWe employed the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach utilizing the T2DM CPG of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2021 as the source CPG. Recommendations from the source guideline were either adopted as is, excluded, or adapted according to our local context.ResultsThe source document contained 243 recommendations, 219 of which were adopted without change, 5 with minor changes, and 18 of which were excluded in the newly created Pakistani guidelines. One recommendation was adapted: the recommended age to begin screening all individuals for T2DM/pre-diabetes was lowered from 45 to 30 years, due to the higher prevalence of T2DM in younger Pakistanis. Exclusion of recommendations were primarily due to differences in the healthcare systems of Pakistan and the US, or the unavailability of certain drugs in Pakistan.ConclusionA CPG for the management of T2DM in Pakistan was created. Our newly developed guideline recommends earlier screening for T2DM in Pakistan, primarily due to the higher prevalence of T2DM amongst younger individuals in Pakistan. Moreover, the systematic methodology used is a significant improvement on pre-existing T2DM CPGs in Pakistan. Once these evidence based CGPs are officially published, their nationwide uptake should be top priority. Our findings also highlight the need for rigorous expanded research exploring the effectiveness of earlier screening for T2DM in Pakistan

Study of the kinetics of preparation of dysprosium borate and of a part of the liquidus phase diagram dysprosium borate-dysprosium oxide

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Production of zirconium metal by electrolysis in molten fluorides baths, the cell being fed by tablets of zirconium oxide and carbon

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe