インドネシアニショクサイサレタニシュノネッタイソウセイジュNeolamarckia cadambaオヨビOchroma pyramidaleノモクザイセイシツ）

博士（農学)東京農工大

Sifat Ketahanan Api dan Degradasi Panas Tiga Jenis Kayu Dilapisi Arang Kayu Sengon

Kayu sebagai biomaterial memiliki sifat yang tidak menguntungkan yaitu kayu dapat terbakar. Kebakaran dalam rumah dengan kostruksi material kayu membahayakan keselamatan jiwa manusia. Upaya telah dilakukan dalam mencegah kebakaran dengan meningkatan daya tahan material kayu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengembangkan material tahan api berbasis karbon (CFR) dari arang kayu sengon. Efektifitas CFR dari arang sengon untuk meningkatkan ketahanan api pada kayu jati, meranti merah dan pinus dipelajari. CFR dibuat melalui pencampuran serbuk arang sengon berukuran 10 mesh dan perekat PVAC dengan perbandingan (60:40), kemudian dikempa pada suhu 80 °C dengan tekanan 70 MPa selama 15 menit sehingga diperoleh lembaran komposit karbon berukuran 4 mm x 18 cm x 18 cm. Kayu jati, meranti merah dan pinus yang dilapisi dengan lembaran CFR diuji ketahanan terhadap api melalui pengumpanan pada api selama 1500 detik berdasarkan metode ASTM E 69-02 dengan modifikasi. Lembaran CFR dari arang sengon efektif untuk meningkatkan ketahanan api ketiga jenis kayu. Keberadaan lapisan CFR pada permukaan kayu efektif berfungsi sebagai solid material penghambat yang mampu memblok panas dari api dan melindungi dari terjadinya degradasi material kayu, yang ditunjukan dengan persentase luas penampang melintang yang tidak terbakar pada jati CFR sebesar 68,6% yang lebih besar dibanding jati kontrol sebesar 57,9%, rendahnya persentase kehilangan berat pada kayu pinus CFR dan meranti merah CFR sebesar 50,56% dan 26,57% dibandingkan kontrolnya sebesar 76,98% dan 30,72%, dan perubahan berat yang relatif sama dengan kontrol pada kayu jati dan meranti merah sampai 700-1.160 detik.  Fire Retardancy Properties and Thermal Degradation of Three Timber Species Overlayed by Sengon Wood CharcoalAbstractWood as biomaterial poses unfavorable property that is wood can burn. Fire disaster in wooden houses threaten human lifes. Efforts have been implemented to improve fire retardancy properties of timbers for wooden houses. This research was carried out to develop carbon-based fire-retardant materials (CFR) overlay on three timber species. The effectiveness of carbon-based fire-retardant material from sengon charcoal to improve fire resistance in teak, red meranti and pine timbers was studied. The CFR materials were prepared by mixing 10 mesh sengon charcoal powder and PVAC adhesive with a ratio (w/w) 0f 60:40 followed by a hot pressing at a temperature of 80 °C with a pressure of 70 MPa for 15 minutes resulting 4 mm x 18 cm x 18 cm carbon sheets. Teak, red meranti and pine timbers overlayed by CFR sheet from sengon charcoal were tested through feeding on fire for 1500 seconds based on ASTM E 6-02 method with a modification. CFR sheets from sengon charcoal were effective to improve the fire resistance of the three species of timbers. CFR overlayed on timber surface was functioned as solid barrier material which was able to block thermal from fire and protected timber from thermal degradation showing by lesser percentage of cross section unburning area on teak CFR i.e. 68.6% than that of teak control i.e. 57.9%, lower percentage of weight loss on pinus CFR and red meranti CFR i.e. 50.56% and 26.57% respectively comparing with the controls i.e. 76.98% and 30.72%, and similar values of weight change percentage between teak CFR and red meranti CFR with the control until 700-1,160 s

Peningkatan Produksi Madu Klanceng di Hutan Rakyat untuk Kesejahteraan Masyarakat dan Kelestarian Lingkungan di Kemalang, Klaten

Tlogowatu Village, Kemalang District, Klaten Regency, is located on the slopes of Merapi Mountain. Currently, sand and stone mining from Merapi Mountain is the primary commodity produced by Tlogowatu Village. If this condition continues, it will cause the damage to the environment. Therefore, several community leaders have cultivated the stingless bee (Trigona laeviceps) as an economic source while adhering to ecological principles through stingless bee farming in community forests. However, community forest and stingless beekeeping need to be appropriately managed, especially in terms of management, production, and marketing aspects. Activities are carried out in several stages, namely starting with pre-activity surveys, counselling and practical development of management, production and marketing aspects, as well as monitoring and evaluation of activities. This activity has increased the knowledge of target partners regarding the livestock of Clanceng in community forests in the form of another type of Clanceng, namely T. biroi, various feed sources, techniques for breaking up split rapid colonies, and good honey packaging. Apart from that, through klanceng livestock in community forests, local communities also gain ecological benefits and build potential for developing agricultural education tourism (edu-agro-tourism) areas.Tlogowatu Village, Kemalang District, Klaten Regency is located on the slopes of Merapi Mountain. Currently, sand and stone mining from Merapi Mountain is the main commodity produced by Tlogowatu Village. Of course, if this condition continue it will causing the damage to environment. Therefore, several community leaders have cultivated the stingless bee (Trigona laeviceps) as an economic source while adhering to ecological principles, through stingless bee farming in community forests. However, community forest and stingless beekeeping have not been managed properly, especially in terms of management, production, and marketing aspects. For example, in the production aspects, farmers obtain stingless bee colony traditionally by taking bee colony from nature and then moving them into a new hive. Thus, colonizing the colony from nature has a negative impact on the sustainability of stingless bees in the wild. In addition, farmers have not paid attention yet to the plant species composition in their community forests. Community forests need to be managed in terms of species composition so they can produce adequate feed for bees with vegetation that produces pollen, nectar, and resin (NPR). Through this service, counseling was given to farmers about community forest management, bee feed management, and the importance of farmer institutions. To increase production, a hive was designed by using the “Rapid Split Technique” that had been introduced for T. biroi. In addition, investment assistance was also provided for more efficient management of community forests and beekeeping as well as product packaging assistance and good packaging knowledge

PENDAMPINGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN MELALUI PENYADARTAHUAN STANDARD OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE (SOP) PRODUKSI DAN PENYEMPURNAAN KEMASAN PADA PRODUK OLAHAN MINUMAN JAHE INSTAN PADA KELOMPOK WANITA TANI D’SEKAR

Jahe merupakan jenis rimpang paling banyak dibudidayakan oleh petani hutan rakyat Desa Gempolan, Kecamatan Kerjo, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Pada umumnya, jahe di tanam di bawah tegakan tanaman keras melalui sistem agroforestri. Selama ini hasil panen berupa jahe segar dijual langsung ke pasar. Namun, seringkali harga jual di pasar fluktuatif sehingga petani enggan menjual pada saat tersebut. Apabila kondisi tersebut berkepanjangan, maka jahe yang disimpan akan busuk. Oleh karena itu, Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) D’Sekar mengolah jahe menjadi produk minuman jahe instan agar dapat meningkatkan harga jual sekaligus memberikan pemasukan tambahan bagi keluarga. Akan tetapi, hingga saat ini produk minuman jahe instan yang dibuat oleh KWT D’Sekar masih sangat sederhana dan belum menggunakan Standard Operasional Procedure (SOP) produksi, sehingga dalam mengontrol kualitas produksi tiap batch sulit dilakukan. Selain itu, kemasan yang digunakan masih sangat sederhana dan belum memiliki izin edar Produksi Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga (PIRT). Pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilaksanakan meliputi penyuluhan, penawaran perbaikan kemasan produk minuman jahe instan, dan pendampingan dalam pengurusan PIRT. Melalui pengabdian kepada masyarakat, diharapkan akan meningkatkan produksi, daya jual dan pada akhirnya bermuara pada peningkatan kesejahteraan anggota KWT D’Sekar. Kata kunci: kewirausahaaan, SOP produksi, jahe instan, kemasan, kelompok wanita tani ABSTRACT Ginger was the most widely cultivated rhizome by private forest farmers in Gempolan Village. Kerjo District, Karanganyar Regency. Ginger was planted under forest stands though agroforesty. The harvested ginger was sold directly to the market. However, the ginger selling price was fluctuates, thus the farmers were reluctant to sell at that time. If this condition was prolonged, the stored ginger will rot. Therefore, the Woman Farmers Group (WFG) D’Sekar processes ginger into instant gingger drink product in order to increase the selling price while providing additional income for their family. However, instant gingger drink product that made by WFG D’Sekar was simple and not use production Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) yet. Therefore, controling the production quality of each batch was difficult. In addition, the packaging used was very simple and not yet have food distribution permit, Home Industry Food Production (HIFP). Though community service, it was expected to be able increase on instant gingger drink production, marketability, and lead into increasing family walfare of WFG D’Sekar members. Keywords: entrepreneurship, SOP of production, instant ginger, packaging, women farmers grou

Pembuatan Demplot Pertanaman Nilam (Pogostemen cablin Benth.) di Zona Tradisional Tahura K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagoro I

Pelestarian kawasan hutan harus dilakukan secara berkesinambungan. Salah satunya, tercermin dari kerjasama antara pihak pengelola kawasan hutan dengan masyarakat setempat. Kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan antara lain yaitu melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat. Saat ini, di dalam kawasan Tahura K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagoro I terdapat sekitar 300 petani pengaram yang memanfaatkan lahan di bawah tegakan. Namun demikian, diperlukan optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan dibawah tegakan agar lebih menguntungkan secara ekonomi dan ekologi. Salah satunya yaitu melalui budidaya nilam. Kegiatan pengabdian ini, merupakan tindak lanjut kegiatan pengabdian tahun 2020, bertujuan untuk membangun demplot pertanaman nilam di zona tradisional Tahura K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagoro I agar dapat menjadi contoh bagi pengaram dalam budidaya nilam. Oleh karena itu, pada tahun 2021 dilakukan pembangunan demplot dan dilakukan studi banding penyulingan minyak atsiri nilam. Pembuatan demplot pertanaman nilam dimulai dengan persiapan lahan secara partisipatif dengan memperhatikan tutupan tajuk dan jarak tanam. Penanaman dilakukan dengan bibit nilam Sidikalang dan Lhokseumawe dengan teknik penanaman yang baik serta memanfaatkan pupuk kandang lokal. Studi banding penyulingan minyak atsiri dilakukan di UMKM pengolahan minyak atsiri di Klaten, Jawa Tengah

Pola Agroforestri yang Diterapkan oleh Petani Hutan Rakyat di Desa Gempolan, Kecamatan Kerjo, Kabupaten Karanganyar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola agroforestri yang diterapkan oleh masyarakat Desa Gempolan dan pendapatan yang diperoleh masyarakat dari tanaman keras dalam sistem agroforestri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan analitik dengan pengambilan sampel melalui Proportionate Random Sampling. Jumlah responden yang diwawancarai dalam penelitian ini adalah 20% (38 orang) dari total masyarakat Desa Gempolan yang memiliki hutan rakyat dengan sistem agroforestri. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dengan kuesioner, pembuatan petak ukur berukuran 40 × 25 m2 di lahan agroforestri dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua pola agroforestri yang diterapkan oleh masyarakat  Desa Gempolan yaitu pola alternate rows dan random mixture. Sebanyak 37 responden mempraktikkan pola agroforestri random mixture dan 1 responden mempraktikkan pola alternate rows. Tanaman keras yang dibudidayakan antara lain meliputi sengon, jati, mahoni, waru, akasia, mindi, dan suren. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa petani memperoleh rerata total penerimaan dari budidaya tanaman keras sebesar Rp.190.349.105/ha dan biaya produksi Rp.4.823.757/ha, sehingga potensi pendapatan adalah Rp.185.525.349/ha

Pola Agroforestri yang Diterapkan oleh Petani Hutan Rakyat di Desa Gempolan, Kecamatan Kerjo, Kabupaten Karanganyar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola agroforestri yang diterapkan oleh masyarakat Desa Gempolan dan pendapatan yang diperoleh masyarakat dari tanaman keras dalam sistem agroforestri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan analitik dengan pengambilan sampel melalui Proportionate Random Sampling. Jumlah responden yang diwawancarai dalam penelitian ini adalah 20% (38 orang) dari total masyarakat Desa Gempolan yang memiliki hutan rakyat dengan sistem agroforestri. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dengan kuesioner, pembuatan petak ukur berukuran 40 × 25 m2 di lahan agroforestri dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua pola agroforestri yang diterapkan oleh masyarakat  Desa Gempolan yaitu pola alternate rows dan random mixture. Sebanyak 37 responden mempraktikkan pola agroforestri random mixture dan 1 responden mempraktikkan pola alternate rows. Tanaman keras yang dibudidayakan antara lain meliputi sengon, jati, mahoni, waru, akasia, mindi, dan suren. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa petani memperoleh rerata total penerimaan dari budidaya tanaman keras sebesar Rp.190.349.105/ha dan biaya produksi Rp.4.823.757/ha, sehingga potensi pendapatan adalah Rp.185.525.349/ha

SIFAT KEAWETAN ALAMI, PENCUACAAN (WEATHERING), DAN EFEKTIFITAS BAHAN PENGAWET BORON PADA KAYU JATI HUTAN RAKYAT

Nowadays, teak wood including young teak from community forest has been getting more widely utilized. Public opinion showed that teak wood from community forests possess low quality and less durable because of its early harvesting. Study on the natural durability of young teak on the various fields is necessary. However, there is a lack of information on the natural durability of teak wood from community forest to prove the public opinion. This study was divided into 3 parts, i.e. the natural durability, weathering, and preservation effort of teak wood from community forest. By considering the position of wood on the axial direction of tree and sapwood-heartwood, the natural durability of teak wood was determined by graveyard test for 6 months on two locations. The weathering test of teak wood as mentioned on previous part was conducting according to Johnson Method for 6 months by observing color and chemical changing based on CIA L*a*b* system and Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, respectively. Meanwhile, in order to improve the durability, sapwood was treated with various boron concentrations by a bethel process and then followed by graveyard test for 6 months. This study used completely randomized design. Data were analyzed by variance analysis and followed by Tukey�s test. The durability of teak wood from community forest was influenced by heartwood-sapwood and the environmental conditions of graveyard test locations where the wood applied. However, the teak wood durability was not influenced by the position of wood on the axial direction. Teak wood from the bottom and upper part of log showed no different in the natural durability. Both heartwood and sapwood were attacked by subterranean termites in a month. Teak heartwood from community forest could be classified in II durability class and sapwood was III-IV durability class. Both heartwood and sapwood surfaces showed discoloration with �Eab 15.6 and 19.34, respectively, after weathering. Wood surface experienced discoloration on both sapwood and heartwood, the value were 15.60 and 19.34 respectively. After all, the color of teak wood become grey and dull due to the photodegradation of lignin according to FTIR analysis. The weathering also decreased the lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of heartwood and sapwood, 50.54 and 49.4