Imidazoline receptors agonists: possible mechanisms of endothelioprotection

In this review, the historical, physiological, pathophysiological aspects concerning imidazoline receptor agonists and possible mechanisms for their participation in endothelioprotection were considered. Illuminated the molecular biology of each subtype of imidazoline receptors and their significance in the pharmacological correction of cardiovascular diseas

Gender differences in the pharmacological actions of pegylated glucagon-Like peptide-1 on endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenic precursor cells in a combination of metabolic disorders and lung emphysema

In clinical practice, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although gender differences in MetS are well documented, little is known about sex-specific differences in the pathogenesis of COPD, especially when combined with MetS. Consequently, it is not clear whether the same treatment regime has comparable efficacy in men and women diagnosed with MetS and COPD. In the present study, using sodium glutamate, lipopolysaccharide, and cigarette smoke extract, we simulated lipid metabolism disorders, obesity, hyperglycemia, and pulmonary emphysema (comorbidity) in male and female C57BL/6 mice. We assessed the gender-specific impact of lipid metabolism disorders and pulmonary emphysema on angiogenic precursor cells (endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, cells of the lumen of the nascent vessel), as well as the biological effects of pegylated glucagon-like peptide 1 (pegGLP-1) in this experimental paradigm. Simulation of MetS/COPD comorbidity caused an accumulation of EPC (CD45−CD31+CD34+), pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells in the lungs of female mice. In contrast, the number of cells involved in the angiogenesis decreased in the lungs of male animals. PegGLP-1 had a positive effect on lipids and area under the curve (AUC), obesity, and prevented the development of pulmonary emphysema. The severity of these effects was stronger in males than in females. Furthermore, PegGLP-1 stimulated regeneration of pulmonary endothelium. At the same time, PegGLP-1 administration caused a mobilization of EPC (CD45−CD31+CD34+) into the bloodstream in females and migration of precursors of angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cells to the lungs in male animals. Gender differences in stimulatory action of pegGLP-1 on CD31+ endothelial lung cells in vitro were not observed. Based on these findings, we postulated that the cellular mechanism of in vivo regeneration of lung epithelium was at least partly gender-specific. Thus, we concluded that a pegGLP-1-based treatment regime for metabolic disorder and COPD should be further developed primarily for male patients

Wheat-barley hybridization – the last forty years

Abstract Several useful alien gene transfers have been reported from related species into wheat (Triticum aestivum), but very few publications have dealt with the development of wheat/barley (Hordeum vulgare) introgression lines. An overview is given here of wheat 9 barley hybridization over the last forty years, including the development of wheat 9 barley hybrids, and of addition and translocation lines with various barley cultivars. A short summary is also given of the wheat 9 barley hybrids produced with other Hordeum species. The meiotic pairing behaviour of wheat 9 barley hybrids is presented, with special regard to the detection of wheat– barley homoeologous pairing using the molecular cytogenetic technique GISH. The effect of in vitro multiplication on the genome composition of intergeneric hybrids is discussed, and the production and characterization of the latest wheat/barley translocation lines are presented. An overview of the agronomical traits (b-glucan content, earliness, salt tolerance, sprouting resistance, etc.) of the newly developed introgression lines is given. The exploitation and possible use of wheat/barley introgression lines for the most up-to-date molecular genetic studies (transcriptome analysis, sequencing of flow-sorted chromosomes) are also discussed

Hemozoin "knobs" in Opisthorchis felineus infected liver

Background Hemozoin is the pigment produced by some blood-feeding parasites. It demonstrates high diagnostic and therapeutic potential. In this work the formation of co-called hemozoin “knobs” – the bile duct ectasia filled up by hemozoin pigment - in Opisthorhis felineus infected hamster liver has been observed. Methods The O. felineus infected liver was examined by histological analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The pigment hemozoin was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Hemozoin crystals were characterised by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results Hemozoin crystals produced by O. felineus have average length 403 nm and the length-to-width ratio equals 2.0. The regurgitation of hemozoin from parasitic fluke during infection leads to formation of bile duct ectasia. The active release of hemozoin from O. felineus during in vitro incubation has also been evidenced. It has been shown that the hemozoin knobs can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions In the paper for the first time the characterisation of hemozoin pigment extracted from liver fluke O. felineus has been conducted. The role of hemozoin in the modification of immune response by opisthorchiasis is assumed

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASSES AND GLASS-CERAMICS BASED ON LiGe2(PO4)3

Optical properties of LiGe2(PO4)3 doped by alumina are studied. The observed blue shift of the absorption edge is analyzed taking into account substitution processes in the glass forming structure

НЕИНВАЗИВНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ФРАКЦИОННОГО РЕЗЕРВА КРОВОТОКА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ СЕРДЦА ПО ДАННЫМ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ: ПЕРВЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ. СРАВНЕНИЕ С ДАННЫМИ ИНВАЗИВНОГО ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ

Objectives: to determine the diagnostic performance of non-invasive FFR derived from standard acquired coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) datasets (FFRCT) for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods. Prospective study included 16 patients ((m/f – 13/3 mean age 47.8 ± 2.3 years) with CAD and coronary stenosis 40–75% lumen reduction. Coronary CTA was performed prior to ICA with invasive FFR measurement. FFRCT was calculated and interpreted in a blinded fashion by an independent Core Laboratory (HeartFlow, USA). Results were compared to invasively measured FFR, with ischemia defined as FFRCT or FFR ≤ 0.80.Results. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI) for FFCT was 0.90. Per-vessel sensitivity and specificity to identify myocardial ischemia were 91% and 89% for FFRCT.Conclusion. FFRCT provides high diagnostic accuracy, and discrimination for the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant CAD with invasive FFR as the reference standard. Цель исследования: оценить диагностическую значимость неинвазивного измерения фракционного резерва кровотока (FFR) по данным МСКТ-коронарографии (FFRCT) в определении значимых стенозов коронарных артерий у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС).Материал и методы. В проспективное исследование было включено 16 пациентов (м/ж – 13/3, средний возраст 47,8 ± 2,3 года) с ИБС и стенозами коронарных артерий 40–75% просвета артерии. Вначале пациентам выполняли КТ-ангиографию, затем – инвазивную коронарографию с измерением FFR. Измерение FFRCT проводили слепым методом независимой лабораторией Core Laboratory (HeartFlow, США). Результаты FFRCT были сопоставлены с инвазивным измерением FFR. Пороговое значение значимости стеноза определялось как FFR и FFRCT ≤ 0,80.Результаты. Площадь под ROC-кривой (AUC) (95% CI) для FFRCT составила 0,9. Чувствительность и специфичность в определении гемодинамически значимых стенозов для FFRCT составили 91 и 79% соответственно.Выводы. FFRCT представляет собой инновационный метод, демонстрирующий высокую диагностическую значимость для выявления или исключения поражения коронарных артерий, вызывающих ишемию

Aluminosilicate Proppants Based on Technogenic Raw Materials

В работе представлены результаты разработки технологии по лучения алюмосиликатных пропантов на основе техногенного сырья. В качестве сырьевых материалов использовали корундовую пыль, полученную при дроблении электроплавленного корунда. В качестве спекающей добавки — отсевы щебеночного производства (гранодиорит).The paper presents the results of developing a technology for producing aluminosilicate proppants based on technogenic raw materials. Corundum dust obtained by crushing electrofused corundum was used as a raw material. As a sintering additive is used screenings of crushed stone production (granodiorite)

Выявление избыточного количества натрия в миокарде в условиях натриевой нагрузки с помощью двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии

Introduction. The direct relationship between the level of sodium intake, arterial hypertension, followed by the development of heart failure, a hypothesis of the direct influence of excessive sodium accumulation in myocardial glycosaminoglycans seems quite probable, which can further contribute to the occurrence of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure.The aim of the study was to identify excess sodium in rats under conditions of sodium loading, in comparison with rats at a normal level of sodium intake. Materials and methods. Ten male Wistar rats with the same body weight were divided into two groups: the excess salt intake group and the normal salt intake group. Estimation of the amount of Na and NaCl in the animal myocardium was performed using dual energy computed tomography (DECT) samples. Samples were scanned on a Revolution GSI tomograph (GE Healthcare). For statistical processing of the obtained data, the R language was used. Results. The results of the study showed that the accumulation of Na and NaCl does not depend on the average level of animal feed intake, there is no correlation between weight and accumulation of excess Na in tissues, the level of Na and NaCl detected in myocardial tissue significantly increases the likelihood of a high salt diet in rats, and a relationship between the content Na in the myocardium and NaCl+H2O. Conclusion. The experiment confirmed the existence of a reliable relationship between the sodium compounds calculated on the basis of DECT and the content of these compounds in the samples. The small number of samples did not allow us to calculate normalized rats, but we noted a clear difference between the control group and the high sodium diet.Введение. Учитывая прямую взаимосвязь между уровнем потребления натрия (Na), артериальной гипертензией с последующим развитием сердечной недостаточности, достаточно вероятным представляется гипотеза непосредственного влияния избыточного накопления Naвгликозаминогликанах миокарда, что в дальнейшем может способствовать возникновению диастолической дисфункции и сердечной недостаточности. Цель исследования: выявление избыточного количества натрия у крыс, находящихся в условиях натриевой нагрузки, в сравнении с крысами, находящимися на нормальном уровне потребления натрия. Материалы и методы. Десять самцов крыс рода Wistar с одинаковой массой тела были разделены на две группы: группа избыточного потребления соли и группа нормального потребления соли. Оценка количества натрия и NaCl в миокарде животных была выполнена при двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии (ДЭКТ) образцов. Сканирование образцов выполняли на томографе RevolutionGSI (GEHealthcare). Для статистической обработки полученных данных использовали язык R. Результаты исследования показали: накопление натрия и NaCl, не зависит от среднего уровня потребления корма животным, отсутствует корреляция между весом и уровнем накопления избытка натрия в тканях, уровень натрия и NaCl в ткани миокарда значимо повышают вероятность высокосолевой диеты у крысы, выявлена зависимость между содержанием натрия в миокарде и NaCl+Н2О. Заключение. Эксперимент подтвердил наличие достоверной связи вычисленных на основании ДЭКТ значений соединений натрия с содержанием этих соединений в образцах. Малое количество образцов не позволило нам рассчитать нормализованные показатели для крыс, однако мы отметили четкое различие между контрольной группой и группой с высоким содержанием натрия в диете

THE EFFECT OF LITHIUM CHLORIDE ADDITIVE ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BOROPHOSPHATE GLASS

Studies of the effect of lithium chloride additives on the physicochemical properties of borophosphate glass. Structural studies have been carried out, thermal effects of the material and electrical conductivity have been described