The predominant relationship between sexual environment characteristics and HIV-serodiscordant condomless anal sex among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM)

In some studies, situational factors have been shown to be stronger predictors of condomless sex than individual risk factors. Cross-sectional relationships between condomless anal sex (CAS) with HIV-serodiscordant partners and risk factors across ecological levels (individual, sexual environment) were examined using a sample (N = 60) of HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) who reported multiple recent episodes of CAS. Negative binomial regressions were used to evaluate the association of contextual risk factors (e.g., substance use during sex, transactional sex, public sex, sex at a sex party) with recent condomless sex, controlling for demographics and mental health. Results demonstrated that sexual environment factors, particularly sex under the influence of drugs or alcohol (B = .019, p < .05), transactional sex (B = .035, p < .01), and public sex (B = .039, p < .01) explained a large proportion of the variance in CAS. Only sex at a sex party was not related to CAS (p = .39). For each additional sexual environment in which men engaged, their rates of CAS increased (B = .39, p < .01). Secondary prevention interventions that are tailored to the proximal sexual environment could be maximally effective, particularly if they address substance use and other challenging sexual situations.We are very grateful to the participants for their time and efforts in the study. Support for the current study came from a feasibility grant (PI: Conall O'Cleirigh) from the Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (Parent Grant: P30AI060354, PI: Bruce Walker, MD) awarded to Dr. Conall O'Cleirigh. Investigator support for Dr. Steven Safren also came from NIH Grant K24MH094214. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. (P30AI060354 - Harvard University Center for AIDS Research; K24MH094214 - NIH)Accepted manuscrip

A BJS Statistical Profile, 1992-2002: American Indians and Crime

This report represents a compilation and new analysis of data on the incidents, prevalence, and consequences of violent crime among American Indians. The report uses data from a wide variety of sources, including statistical series maintained by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), and the U.S. Census Bureau. The findings reveal a disturbing picture of the victimization of American Indians and Alaska Natives. The rate of violent crime estimated from self reported victimizations for American Indians is well above that of other U.S. racial or ethnic groups and is more than twice the national average. This disparity in the rates of exposure to violence affecting American Indians occurs across age groups, housing locations, and by gender. br\u3e American Indians are more likely than people of other races to experience violence at the hands of someone of a different race, and the criminal victimizer is more likely to have consumed alcohol preceding the offense. br\u3e In three recent BJS-sponsored tribal level criminal victmization surveys, victims reported that alcohol use by the offender was a factor in more than 40% of the incidents of overall violence, and more specifically, domestic violence. br\u3e This study was prepared as a resource to respond to frequent inquiries and to update the previously published BJS analysis of the impact of crime on American Indians. The data should be of value to those concerned about how crime affects this segment of the U.S. population. br\u3e BJS has undertaken efforts to improve the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data collection on crime and its consequences for American Indians. In 1999 BJS enhanced the NCVS to report statistics on victimizations occurring on tribal lands

A BJS Statistical Profile, 1992-2002: American Indians and Crime

This report represents a compilation and new analysis of data on the incidents, prevalence, and consequences of violent crime among American Indians. The report uses data from a wide variety of sources, including statistical series maintained by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), and the U.S. Census Bureau. The findings reveal a disturbing picture of the victimization of American Indians and Alaska Natives. The rate of violent crime estimated from self reported victimizations for American Indians is well above that of other U.S. racial or ethnic groups and is more than twice the national average. This disparity in the rates of exposure to violence affecting American Indians occurs across age groups, housing locations, and by gender. br\u3e American Indians are more likely than people of other races to experience violence at the hands of someone of a different race, and the criminal victimizer is more likely to have consumed alcohol preceding the offense. br\u3e In three recent BJS-sponsored tribal level criminal victmization surveys, victims reported that alcohol use by the offender was a factor in more than 40% of the incidents of overall violence, and more specifically, domestic violence. br\u3e This study was prepared as a resource to respond to frequent inquiries and to update the previously published BJS analysis of the impact of crime on American Indians. The data should be of value to those concerned about how crime affects this segment of the U.S. population. br\u3e BJS has undertaken efforts to improve the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data collection on crime and its consequences for American Indians. In 1999 BJS enhanced the NCVS to report statistics on victimizations occurring on tribal lands

Fifth survey of parents of three and four year old children and their use of early years services (Summer 2000 to Spring 2001)

The main aim of the survey was to establish rates of participation for three and four year olds in all forms of pre-school provision in England... The survey also investigated the characteristics of providers used and parents’ opinions of the quantity and quality of provision in the local area in general as well as of the providers they used, and the influences on their choice of providers

Mary Florendo Perry interviewed by Steven McKay

In this interview conducted in person, Mary Florendo Perry speaks with Dr. Steven McKay, a member of the Watsonville is in the Heart project team. Perry discusses her family's immigration story from the Philippines and Mexicali. She also discusses their labor working in the agricultural fields and canneries. Perry also talks about her time in college at Vassar College. She also offers memories of her uncle who lived in a camp with other Filipino bachelors. Lastly, she discusses her knowledge of the Watsonville Race Riots

Childhood Obesity and Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

We thank Emma Morely of STEPS Charity Worldwide (www.steps-charity.org.uk), the patient charity that helped direct the research agenda and will assist in the dissemination of results. We also thank the Information Services Division (ISD) of NHS Scotland for the provision of data from ISD Scotland, particularly Andrew Duffy, the research coordinator within National Services Scotland. FUNDING: Dr Perry is funded by a UK National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist Award (grant NIHR/CS/2014/14/012). This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health.Peer reviewedPostprin

Coupled evolution of breathing and locomotion as a game of leapfrog

Journal ArticleBecause the increase in metabolic rate related to locomotor activity places demands on the cardiorespiratory apparatus, it is not surprising that the evolution of breathing and of locomotion are coupled. As the respiratory faculty becomes more refined, increasingly aerobic life strategies can be explored, and this activity is in turn expedited by a higher-performance respiratory apparatus

Achieving Universal Coverage Through Comprehensive Health Reform: The Vermont Experience -- Report of Findings

Presents findings on the role of Vermont's health reform programs in increasing insurance coverage between 2005 and 2009. Examines changes by insurance type, contributing factors such as outreach campaigns, financial sustainability, and implications