110 research outputs found

    Production de souches cellulaires dérivées de l'épithélium intestinal humain

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    L'Ă©tude des mĂ©canismes de contrĂŽle de la diffĂ©renciation cellulaire de l'Ă©pithĂ©lium intestinal a Ă©tĂ© ralentie considĂ©rablement par l'absence de modĂšle adĂ©quat pour la culture de cellules humaines normales. Dans la prĂ©sente Ă©tude, nous avons analysĂ© diffĂ©rentes conditions pour l'obtention de cellules viables d'intestin grĂȘle fƓtal humain et pour leur croissance en culture. Pour l'obtention des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales, nous avons comparĂ© l'effet de diffĂ©rents enzymes de dissociation (collagĂ©nase, dispase, thermolysine ainsi que certaines combinaisons: pronase /collagĂ©nase et dispase/collagĂ©nase) ainsi que diverses techniques de dissociation mĂ©canique. Nous avons observĂ© que la thermolysine permettait d'obtenir des cultures de cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales exemptes de fibroblastes. La thermolysine semble interagir avec certains Ă©lĂ©ments de la lame basale entraĂźnant une dissociation uniquement de l'Ă©pithĂ©lium, par plaque de quinze Ă  vingt cellules. AprĂšs une pĂ©riode d'adaptation d'environ une semaine, lors de laquelle les Ăźlots de cellules dĂ©jĂ  diffĂ©renciĂ©es disparaissent, des colonies de cellules Ă©pithĂ©lioides se dĂ©veloppent et la confluence est atteinte au cours des deux semaines suivantes. Huit souches (HIEC-6 Ă  13) ont fait l'objet d'Ă©tudes plus approfondies. Nous avons trouvĂ© que la prolifĂ©ration des cellules HIEC est optimale en prĂ©sence de milieu DMEM contenant 5% de sĂ©rum de veau fƓtal, 5 ng/ml d'EGF et 0,2 Ul/ml d'insuline. CultivĂ©es dans ces conditions, les cellules HIEC ont pu ĂȘtre maintenues au-delĂ  de vingt passages. L'origine Ă©pithĂ©liale des cellules est suggĂ©rĂ© par la dĂ©tection de cytokĂ©ratines 8, 18, 21 ainsi que la prĂ©sence de composantes des jonctions cellulaires caractĂ©ristiques des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales. De plus, nous avons observĂ© la prĂ©sence de l'antigĂšne dĂ©tectĂ© par le MIM 1/39 qui est retrouvĂ© uniquement au niveau des cellules cryptales. Ces marqueurs ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s autant en immunofluorescence indirecte qu'en transfert Western. Finalement, l'aspect fonctionnel des cellules est suggĂ©rĂ© par la prĂ©sence d'enzymes de la bordure en brosse tels que la lactase et l'aminopeptidase N. Des Ă©tudes pour Ă©valuer la capacitĂ© des cellules HIEC Ă  se diffĂ©rencier sont prĂ©sentement en cours

    Établissement de nouveaux modĂšles cellulaires Ă©pithĂ©liaux intestinaux pour l'Ă©tude des interactions cellule-matrice dans la diffĂ©renciation entĂ©rocytaire

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    Au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es, plusieurs travaux ont dĂ©montrĂ© l'importance des interactions cellule-matrice dans divers phĂ©nomĂšnes cellulaires retrouvĂ©s au niveau de l'Ă©pithĂ©lium de la muqueuse intestinale. L'analyse de l'expression et de la distribution des diffĂ©rentes isoformes de la laminine et des intĂ©grines dans le dĂ©veloppement de l'intestin grĂȘle ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la rĂ©gionalisation normalement observĂ©e chez l'adulte pour la laminine-1 ainsi que l'intĂ©grine [alpha]3[bĂȘta]1 Ă©tait acquise tardivement lors du dĂ©veloppement. Ces changements au niveau de la composition de la matrice extracellulaire ainsi que de l'expression diffĂ©rentielle de certaines intĂ©grines suggĂšrent un rĂŽle important peur les interactions cellule-matrice durant l'organogenĂšse de l'intestin. Par ailleurs, la dĂ©termination de l'origine mĂ©senchymateuse de la chaĂźne [alpha]1 du collagĂšne IV, de la dĂ©corine et de la tĂ©nascine ainsi que la double origine des chaĂźnes [alpha]5 et [alpha]6 du collagĂšne IV, des chaĂźnes [alpha]1, [alpha]2 et [bĂȘta]1 de la laminine et de la fibronectine permettent de dĂ©terminer l'implication des diffĂ©rents types cellulaires dans l'Ă©laboration de la lame basale et ainsi, Ă©tablir plus fidĂšlement le microenvironnement intestinal. Cependant, la dĂ©termination spĂ©cifique des Ă©lĂ©ments qui entraĂźnent la cellule Ă©pithĂ©liale intestinale humaine vers le processus de diffĂ©renciation fut considĂ©rablement ralentie par l'absence de modĂšles cellulaires normaux. Afin d'effectuer des Ă©tudes plus approfondies sur la rĂ©ponse cellulaire Ă©pithĂ©liale intestinale aux variations du microenvironnement, nous avons Ă©tabli divers modĂšles cellulaires dĂ©rivĂ©s de l'intestin grĂȘle foetal humain. Tout d'abord, l'utilisation de la thermolysine a permis de produire une lignĂ©e cellulaire viable Ă  long terme en culture, soit les HIEC. La caractĂ©risation des HIEC a dĂ©montrĂ© leur origine Ă©pithĂ©liale et l'Ă©tude de l'expression des marqueurs fonctionnels de l'intestin a permis de dĂ©finir les HIEC comme cellules cryptales indiffĂ©renciĂ©es. Les cellules HIEC s'avĂšrent un outil trĂšs prometteur pour l'Ă©tude et la comprĂ©hension des fonctions biologiques et physiologiques retrouvĂ©es au niveau de la crypte de l'intestin humain. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de la solution non-enzymatique Matrisperse sur l'intestin foetal a permis d'Ă©tablir des cultures primaires d'entĂ©rocytes pleinement diffĂ©renciĂ©s (PCDE). Normalement, le temps de survie de telles cultures chez l'intestin humain est de 48 heures. CultivĂ©es sur une matrice de collagĂšne de type I, les PCDE peuvent ĂȘtre maintenues en culture pour un minimum de 10 jours. De plus, ces cellules maintiennent toutes les caractĂ©ristiques retrouvĂ©es au niveau des cellules villositaires: aucune prolifĂ©ration cellulaire, une bordure en brosse bien dĂ©veloppĂ©e, des complexes de jonctions et l'expression des dissacharidases. Ces nouveaux modĂšles cellulaires, utilisĂ©s individuellement ou en combinaison, devraient permettent [i.e. permettre] une meilleure comprĂ©hension de l'implication du microenvironnement au niveau de la muqueuse intestinale humaine et ce, plus spĂ©cifiquement, en ce qui concerne les interactions cellule-matrice et la rĂ©gulation de la croissance, de la migration et de la diffĂ©renciation

    Le désir, au coeur du fantastique comme de l'érotique : suivi de IrdÚs

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    Agreement between a self-administered questionnaire on musculoskeletal disorders of the neck-shoulder region and a physical examination

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In epidemiological studies on neck-shoulder disorders, physical examination by health professionals, although more expensive, is usually considered a better method of data collection than self-administered questionnaires on symptoms. However, little is known on the comparison of these two methods of data collection. The agreement between self-administered questionnaires and the physical examination on the presence of neck-shoulders disorders was assessed in the present study.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study was conducted among clerical workers using video display units. Prevalent cases were workers for whom neck-shoulder symptoms were present for at least 3 days during the previous 7 days and for whom pain intensity was greater than 50 mm on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. All 85 workers meeting this definition and a random sample of 102 workers who did not meet this definition were selected. Physical examination included measures of active range of motion and musculoskeletal strength. Cohen's kappa and global percent agreement were calculated to compare the two methods of data collection. The effect on the agreement of different question and physical examination definitions and the importance of the time interval elapsed between the administrations of the tests were also evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.19 to 0.54 depending on the definitions used to ascertain disorders. The agreement was highest when the two instruments were administered 21 days apart or less (Kappa = 0.54, global agreement = 77%). It was not substantially improved by the addition of criteria related to functional limitations or when comparisons were made with alternative physical examination definitions. Pain intensity recorded during physical examination maneuvers was an important element of the agreement between questionnaire and physical examination findings.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest a fair to good agreement between the presence of musculoskeletal disorders ascertained by self-administered questionnaire and physical examination that may reflect differences in the constructs measured. Shorter time lags result in better agreement. Investigators should consider these results before choosing a method to measure the presence of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck-shoulder region.</p

    G-quadruplex located in the 5’UTR of the BAG-1 mRNA affects both its cap-dependent and cap-independent translation through global secondary structure maintenance

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    Abstract: The anti-apoptotic BAG-1 protein isoforms are known to be overexpressed in colorectal tumors and are considered to be potential therapeutic targets. The isoforms are derived fromalternative translation initiations occuring at four in-frame start codons of a single mRNA transcript. Its 5'UTR also contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) regulating the capindependent translation of the transcript. An RNA Gquadruplex (rG4) is located at the 5'end of the BAG- 1 5'UTR, upstream of the known cis-regulatory elements. Herein, we observed that the expression of BAG-1 isoforms is post-transcriptionally regulated in colorectal cancer cells and tumors, and that stabilisation of the rG4 by small molecules ligands reduces the expression of endogenous BAG-1 isoforms. We demonstrated a critical role for the rG4 in the control of both cap-dependent and independent translation of the BAG-1 mRNA in colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, we found an upstream ORF that also represses BAG-1 mRNA translation. The structural probing of the complete 5'UTR showed that the rG4 acts as a steric block which controls the initiation of translation at each start codon of the transcript and also maintains the global 5'UTR secondary structure required for IRES-dependent translation

    Integrated Risk Management for Mega Events

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    The largest special events (mega events) such as World’s Fairs and Expositions, the FIFA World Cup Final, or the Olympic Games put a tremendous amount of pressure on the food production chain associated with these events, increasing the potential for food safety and security breaches. Any breach could have harmful consequences for both the people attending the event and the companies supplying the event. Evolving in such a context where normal operations take place on a much larger scale, both in terms of volume and visibility, requires a re-evaluation of standard risk management procedures. This report provides managers with an invaluable risk-analysis grid specific to the food industry, which identifies the main risk factors and undesirable outcomes associated with mega events. Once this is done, appropriate risk management strategies can be implemented. No date is fixed to share the complete version of the document. Les Ă©vĂ©nements spĂ©ciaux de grande envergure (les mĂ©ga-Ă©vĂ©nements), tels que les expositions universelles, la finale de la Coupe du monde de la FIFA ou les Jeux Olympiques, exercent des pressions Ă©normes sur la chaĂźne de production et de distribution alimentaire associĂ©e Ă  ces Ă©vĂ©nements. Les caractĂ©ristiques propres Ă  ces mĂ©ga-Ă©vĂ©nements augmentent, par le fait mĂȘme, les risques d’atteinte Ă  la sĂ»retĂ© et Ă  la sĂ©curitĂ© des aliments. Toute dĂ©faillance dans la chaĂźne alimentaire pourrait entraĂźner des consĂ©quences nĂ©fastes Ă  la fois sur les participants et sur les entreprises reliĂ©es Ă  l’évĂ©nement. Le fait d’évoluer dans un tel contexte, oĂč les activitĂ©s normales se dĂ©roulent sur une Ă©chelle beaucoup plus grande, en termes de volume et de visibilitĂ©, nĂ©cessite une rĂ©Ă©valuation des procĂ©dures normales de gestion des risques. Le prĂ©sent rapport offre aux gestionnaires une grille indispensable d’analyse de risques. Celle-ci est spĂ©cifique Ă  l’industrie alimentaire et dĂ©finit les principaux facteurs de risque et les effets indĂ©sirables liĂ©s aux mĂ©ga-Ă©vĂ©nements. Une fois cette Ă©tape franchie, des stratĂ©gies adĂ©quates de gestion des risques peuvent ĂȘtre adoptĂ©es. Aucune date n'a encore Ă©tĂ© fixĂ©e pour rendre disponible la version complĂšte du document.Food Safety, Food Security, Food Supply Chain, Risk, Mega-Event, Risk Management, Risk Factor, Risk Analysis Grid, SĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire, sĂ»retĂ© alimentaire, chaĂźne d’approvisionnement (supply chain), risque, mĂ©ga-Ă©vĂ©nement, gestion du risque, facteur de risque, grille d’analyse des risques

    The impact of culture on neuropsychological performance: A global social cognition study across 12 countries

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    AbstractBackgroundDecades of researches aiming to unveil truths about human neuropsychology may have instead unveil facts appropriate to only a fraction of the world's population: those living in western educated rich democratic nations (Muthukrishna et al., 2020 Psych Sci). So far, most studies were conducted as if education and cultural assumptions on which neuropsychology is based were universals and applied everywhere in the world. The importance given to sociological or cultural factors is thus still relatively ignored. With the growth of international clinical studies on dementia, we believe that documenting the potential inter‐cultural differences at stake in a common neuropsychological assessment is an essential topic. This study thus aimed to explore these potential variations in two classical tasks used in neuropsychology that are composing the mini‐SEA (Bertoux et al., 2012 JNNP), i.e. a reduced version of the well‐known Ekman faces (FER), where one has to recognize facial emotions, and a modified version of the Faux Pas test (mFP), where one has to detect and explain social faux.MethodThe data of 573 control participants were collected through the Social Cognition & FTLD Network, an international consortium investigating social cognitive changes in dementia covering 3 continents (18 research centres in 12 countries). Impact of demographic factors and the effect of countries on performance (mini‐SEA, FER, mFP) were explored through linear mixed‐effects models.ResultAge, education and gender were found to significantly impact the performance of the mini‐SEA subtests. Significant and important variations across the countries were also retrieved, with England having the highest performance for all scores. When controlling for demographical factors, differences within countries explained between 14% (mFP) and 24% (FER) of the variance at the mini‐SEA. These variations were not explained by any economical or sociological metrics.ConclusionImportant variations of performance were observed across the 12 countries of the consortium, showing how cultural differences may critically impact neuropsychological performance in international studies

    The PTEN Phosphatase Controls Intestinal Epithelial Cell Polarity and Barrier Function: Role in Colorectal Cancer Progression

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    The PTEN phosphatase acts on phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphates resulting from phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation. PTEN expression has been shown to be decreased in colorectal cancer. Little is known however as to the specific cellular role of PTEN in human intestinal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PTEN in human colorectal cancer cells.Caco-2/15, HCT116 and CT26 cells were infected with recombinant lentiviruses expressing a shRNA specifically designed to knock-down PTEN. The impact of PTEN downregulation was analyzed on cell polarization and differentiation, intercellular junction integrity (expression of cell-cell adhesion proteins, barrier function), migration (wound assay), invasion (matrigel-coated transwells) and on tumor and metastasis formation in mice. Electron microscopy analysis showed that lentiviral infection of PTEN shRNA significantly inhibited Caco-2/15 cell polarization, functional differentiation and brush border development. A strong reduction in claudin 1, 3, 4 and 8 was also observed as well as a decrease in transepithelial resistance. Loss of PTEN expression increased the spreading, migration and invasion capacities of colorectal cancer cells in vitro. PTEN downregulation also increased tumor size following subcutaneous injection of colorectal cancer cells in nude mice. Finally, loss of PTEN expression in HCT116 and CT26, but not in Caco-2/15, led to an increase in their metastatic potential following tail-vein injections in mice.Altogether, these results indicate that PTEN controls cellular polarity, establishment of cell-cell junctions, paracellular permeability, migration and tumorigenic/metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer cells

    Does Culture Shape Our Understanding of Others’ Thoughts and Emotions? An Investigation Across 12 Countries

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    Q2Q2Measures of social cognition have now become central in neuropsychology, being essential for early and differential diagnoses, follow-up, and rehabilitation in a wide range of conditions. With the scientific world becoming increasingly interconnected, international neuropsychological and medical collaborations are burgeoning to tackle the global challenges that are mental health conditions. These initiatives commonly merge data across a diversity of populations and countries, while ignoring their specificity. Objective: In this context, we aimed to estimate the influence of participants’ nationality on social cognition evaluation. This issue is of particular importance as most cognitive tasks are developed in highly specific contexts, not representative of that encountered by the world’s population. Method: Through a large international study across 18 sites, neuropsychologists assessed core aspects of social cognition in 587 participants from 12 countries using traditional and widely used tasks. Results: Age, gender, and education were found to impact measures of mentalizing and emotion recognition. After controlling for these factors, differences between countries accounted for more than 20% of the variance on both measures. Importantly, it was possible to isolate participants’ nationality from potential translation issues, which classically constitute a major limitation. Conclusions: Overall, these findings highlight the need for important methodological shifts to better represent social cognition in both fundamental research and clinical practice, especially within emerging international networks and consortia.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-3579https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-7077Revista Internacional - IndexadaA2N
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