22 research outputs found

    Effect of Personalized Incentives on Dietary Quality of Groceries Purchased A Randomized Crossover Trial

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    Importance Many factors are associated with food choice. Personalized interventions could help improve dietary intake by using individual purchasing preferences to promote healthier grocery purchases. Objective To test whether a healthy food incentive intervention using an algorithm incorporating customer preferences, purchase history, and baseline diet quality improves grocery purchase dietary quality and spending on healthy foods. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a 9-month randomized clinical crossover trial (AB–BA) with a 2- to 4-week washout period between 3-month intervention periods. Participants included 224 loyalty program members at an independent Rhode Island supermarket who completed baseline questionnaires and were randomized from July to September 2018 to group 1 (AB) or group 2 (BA). Data analysis was performed from September 2019 to May 2020. Intervention Participants received personalized weekly coupons with nutrition education during the intervention period (A) and occasional generic coupons with nutrition education during the control period (B). An automated study algorithm used customer data to allocate personalized healthy food incentives to participant loyalty cards. All participants received a 5% grocery discount. Main Outcomes and Measures Grocery Purchase Quality Index–2016 (GPQI-16) scores (range, 0-75, with higher scores denoting healthier purchases) and percentage spending on targeted foods were calculated from cumulative purchasing data. Participants in the top and bottom 1% of spending were excluded. Paired t tests examined between-group differences. Results The analytical sample included 209 participants (104 in group 1 and 105 in group 2), with a mean (SD) age of 55.4 (14.0) years. They were predominantly non-Hispanic White (193 of 206 participants [94.1%]) and female (187 of 207 participants [90.3%]). Of 161 participants with income data, 81 (50.3%) had annual household incomes greater than or equal to $100 000. Paired t tests showed that the intervention increased GPQI-16 scores (between-group difference, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.27-1.86; P = .01) and percentage spending on targeted foods (between-group difference, 1.38%; 95% CI, 0.08%-2.69%; P = .04). During the initial intervention period, group 1 (AB) and group 2 (BA) had similar mean (SD) GPQI-16 scores (41.2 [6.6] vs 41.0 [7.5]) and mean (SD) percentage spending on targeted healthy foods (32.0% [10.8%] vs 31.0% [10.5%]). During the crossover intervention period, group 2 had a higher mean (SD) GPQI-16 score than group 1 (42.9 [7.7] vs 41.0 [6.8]) and mean (SD) percentage spending on targeted foods (34.0% [12.1%] vs 32.0% [13.1%]). Conclusions and Relevance This pilot trial demonstrated preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of a novel personalized healthy food incentive algorithm to improve grocery purchase dietary quality. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0374805

    Dietary protein consumption profiles show contrasting impacts on environmental and health indicators

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    International audiencePatterns of protein intake are strong characteristics of diets, and protein sources have been linked to the environmental and nutrition/health impacts of diets. However, few studies have worked on protein profiles, and most of them have focused on specific diets like vegetarian or vegan diets. Furthermore, the description of the environmental impact of diets has often been limited to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) and land use. This paper analyzes the alignment of environmental pressures and nutritional impacts in a diversity of representative protein profiles of a western population.Using data from a representative survey in France (INCA3, n = 1125), we identified protein profiles using hierarchical ascendant classification on protein intake (g) from main protein sources (refined grains, whole grains, dairy, eggs, ruminant meat, poultry, pork, processed meat, fish, fruits & vegetables, pulses). We assessed their diet quality using 6 dietary scores, including assessment of long-term risk for health, and associated 14 environmental pressure indicators using the Agribalyse database completed by the SHARP database for GHGe.Five protein profiles were identified according to the high contributions of ruminant meat, pork, poultry, fish, or, conversely, as low contribution from meat. The profile including the lowest protein from meat had the lowest impact on almost all environmental indicators and had the lowest long-term risk. Conversely, the profile with high protein from ruminant-based foods had the highest pressures on most environmental indicators, including GHGe.We found that the protein profile with low contribution from meat has great potential for human health and environment preservation. Shifting a large part of the population toward this profile could be an easy first step toward building a more sustainable diet

    Les profils d'impact environnementaux varient grandement en fonction des profils de consommation protéique des français

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    International audienceIntroduction et but de l'Ă©tude: Les aliments d'origine animale sont ceux qui permettent le plus efficacement de moduler les impacts environnementaux de l'alimentation. La viande de ruminant est par exemple l'aliment principal producteur de gaz Ă  effet de serre. Cependant, aucune Ă©tude Ă  notre connaissance ne s'intĂ©resse actuellement aux impacts des rĂ©gimes en considĂ©rant diffĂ©rents types de profils d'apports protĂ©iques des français. De plus, la majoritĂ© des Ă©tudes quantifie un faible nombre d'indicateurs de pressions et d'impacts environnementaux. Ainsi, ce travail vise Ă  Ă©tudier la corrĂ©lation entre diffĂ©rents impacts environnementaux et nutritionnels pour des profils d'apports protĂ©iques reprĂ©sentatifs de ceux observĂ©s dans la population française. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes: Nous avons utilisĂ© les donnĂ©es de 1125 adultes normodĂ©clarant (18-64 ans) de l'enquĂȘte INCA3. Les aliments protĂ©iques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finis comme des aliments dont au moins 10% de l'Ă©nergie est apportĂ© par les protĂ©ines et qui apporte au moins 5g de protĂ©ines chez les fort consommateurs (90 e percentile). Ces aliments ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© classĂ©s en 12 groupes alimentaires selon leurs modalitĂ©s de consommations, leurs caractĂ©ristiques nutritionnelles et leurs impacts environnementaux. Pour synthĂ©tiser l'information, une mĂ©thode factorielle de rĂ©duction de dimensions a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©rant des facteurs indĂ©pendants. Enfin, les individus ont Ă©tĂ© partitionnĂ©s en groupes par classification ascendante hiĂ©rarchique afin d'obtenir des groupes au profil protĂ©ique similaire au sein de la population française. Quatorze indicateurs environnementaux basĂ©s sur les donnĂ©es de 1525 aliments provenant de la base Agribalyse complĂ©tĂ© par 85 aliments de la base SHARP ainsi que les scores d'adĂ©quation et de modĂ©ration du PANDiet (probabilitĂ©s d'adĂ©quation en nutriments) ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s pour chaque individu de ces groupes. Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ© par ANCOVA ajustĂ©es pour l'apport Ă©nergĂ©tique sans alcool. RĂ©sultats et Analyse statistique: Cinq profils protĂ©iques ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s : les « consommateurs de viande de ruminants », « consommateurs de porc », « consommateurs de volaille », « consommateurs de poissons » et « consommateurs de produits laitiers ». Le profil prĂ©sentant les plus fortes Ă©missions de gaz Ă  effet de serre est celui des « consommateurs de viande de ruminant » (7,5 CO2eq/jour) et celui ayant les plus faibles est celui des « consommateurs de produits laitiers » (4,5 CO2eq/jour). L'Ă©puisement des ressources Ă©nergĂ©tiques est le plus important pour les « consommateurs de porc » (67,1 MJ/jour). Au niveau nutritionnel, le score d'adĂ©quation du PANDiet est le plus Ă©levĂ© chez les « consommateurs de poisson » (68,5 vs 67,3 en moyenne) et celui de modĂ©ration est le plus bas pour les « consommateurs de produit laitier » (68,4 vs 69,9 en moyenne). Conclusion: Ces rĂ©sultats montrent une hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© : selon les indicateurs Ă©tudiĂ©s, ce ne sont pas les mĂȘmes profils protĂ©iques qui ont les impacts les plus forts. Enfin, on relĂšve que la qualitĂ© nutritionnelle de ces profils de consommation protĂ©iques, tels qu'ils ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s dans la population française, n'est pas bien liĂ©e Ă  l'impact sur l'environnement

    Geographic Differences in the Dietary Quality of Food Purchases among Participants in the Nationally Representative Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS)

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    Objective grocery transactions may reflect diet, but it is unclear whether the diet quality of grocery purchases mirrors geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in diet-related diseases. This cross-sectional analysis of 3961 households in the nationally representative Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey evaluated geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in grocery purchase quality. Respondents self-reported demographics and recorded purchases over 7 days; the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 assessed diet quality. Survey-weighted multivariable-adjusted regression determined whether there were geographic and racial/ethnic differences in HEI-15 scores. Respondents were, on average, 50.6 years, non-Hispanic white (NHW) (70.3%), female (70.2%), and had attended some college (57.8%). HEI-15 scores differed across geographic region (p < 0.05), with the highest scores in the West (57.0 ± 0.8) and lowest scores in the South (53.1 ± 0.8), and there was effect modification by race/ethnicity (p-interaction = 0.02). Regionally, there were diet disparities among NHW and non-Hispanic black (NHB) households; NHWs in the South had HEI-15 scores 3.2 points lower than NHWs in the West (p = 0.003). Southern NHB households had HEI-15 scores 8.1 points lower than Western NHB households (p = 0.013). Racial/ethnic disparities in total HEI-15 by region existed in the Midwest and South, where Hispanic households in the Midwest and South had significantly lower diet quality than NHW households. Heterogeneous disparities in the diet quality of grocery purchases by region and race/ethnicity necessitate tailored approaches to reduce diet-related disease

    Les profils d'impact environnementaux varient grandement en fonction des profils de consommation protéique des français

    No full text
    International audienceIntroduction et but de l'Ă©tude: Les aliments d'origine animale sont ceux qui permettent le plus efficacement de moduler les impacts environnementaux de l'alimentation. La viande de ruminant est par exemple l'aliment principal producteur de gaz Ă  effet de serre. Cependant, aucune Ă©tude Ă  notre connaissance ne s'intĂ©resse actuellement aux impacts des rĂ©gimes en considĂ©rant diffĂ©rents types de profils d'apports protĂ©iques des français. De plus, la majoritĂ© des Ă©tudes quantifie un faible nombre d'indicateurs de pressions et d'impacts environnementaux. Ainsi, ce travail vise Ă  Ă©tudier la corrĂ©lation entre diffĂ©rents impacts environnementaux et nutritionnels pour des profils d'apports protĂ©iques reprĂ©sentatifs de ceux observĂ©s dans la population française. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes: Nous avons utilisĂ© les donnĂ©es de 1125 adultes normodĂ©clarant (18-64 ans) de l'enquĂȘte INCA3. Les aliments protĂ©iques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finis comme des aliments dont au moins 10% de l'Ă©nergie est apportĂ© par les protĂ©ines et qui apporte au moins 5g de protĂ©ines chez les fort consommateurs (90 e percentile). Ces aliments ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© classĂ©s en 12 groupes alimentaires selon leurs modalitĂ©s de consommations, leurs caractĂ©ristiques nutritionnelles et leurs impacts environnementaux. Pour synthĂ©tiser l'information, une mĂ©thode factorielle de rĂ©duction de dimensions a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©rant des facteurs indĂ©pendants. Enfin, les individus ont Ă©tĂ© partitionnĂ©s en groupes par classification ascendante hiĂ©rarchique afin d'obtenir des groupes au profil protĂ©ique similaire au sein de la population française. Quatorze indicateurs environnementaux basĂ©s sur les donnĂ©es de 1525 aliments provenant de la base Agribalyse complĂ©tĂ© par 85 aliments de la base SHARP ainsi que les scores d'adĂ©quation et de modĂ©ration du PANDiet (probabilitĂ©s d'adĂ©quation en nutriments) ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s pour chaque individu de ces groupes. Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ© par ANCOVA ajustĂ©es pour l'apport Ă©nergĂ©tique sans alcool. RĂ©sultats et Analyse statistique: Cinq profils protĂ©iques ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s : les « consommateurs de viande de ruminants », « consommateurs de porc », « consommateurs de volaille », « consommateurs de poissons » et « consommateurs de produits laitiers ». Le profil prĂ©sentant les plus fortes Ă©missions de gaz Ă  effet de serre est celui des « consommateurs de viande de ruminant » (7,5 CO2eq/jour) et celui ayant les plus faibles est celui des « consommateurs de produits laitiers » (4,5 CO2eq/jour). L'Ă©puisement des ressources Ă©nergĂ©tiques est le plus important pour les « consommateurs de porc » (67,1 MJ/jour). Au niveau nutritionnel, le score d'adĂ©quation du PANDiet est le plus Ă©levĂ© chez les « consommateurs de poisson » (68,5 vs 67,3 en moyenne) et celui de modĂ©ration est le plus bas pour les « consommateurs de produit laitier » (68,4 vs 69,9 en moyenne). Conclusion: Ces rĂ©sultats montrent une hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© : selon les indicateurs Ă©tudiĂ©s, ce ne sont pas les mĂȘmes profils protĂ©iques qui ont les impacts les plus forts. Enfin, on relĂšve que la qualitĂ© nutritionnelle de ces profils de consommation protĂ©iques, tels qu'ils ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s dans la population française, n'est pas bien liĂ©e Ă  l'impact sur l'environnement

    Plant and Animal Protein Intakes Largely Explain the Nutritional Quality and Health Value of Diets Higher in Plants: A Path Analysis in French Adults

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    International audienceDiets higher in plants are associated with lower risks of chronic diseases. However, animal foods, which are rich in protein, are also rich in some important minerals and vitamins. Using data from a representative survey in France (INCA3, n = 1,125), we used path analyses as a mediation-like approach to decipher the importance of plant and animal proteins in the relationship between the plant-based diet index (PDI) and diet quality. We used three types of diet quality scores, namely, nutrient security, positive nutrient adequacy, and long-term mortality risk of four diet-related diseases (i.e., coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and colorectal cancer). We identified positive and negative mediations, i.e., changes in plant/animal protein intake that are associated with changes in PDI, and favor or limit the association with the diet quality score. The PDI was positively associated with the risk of long-term mortality but not significantly with nutrient adequacy or nutrient security. A positive mediation by plant protein was found for all diet quality scores (specific indirect effects (SIEs) ranging from 0.04 to 0.10 SD). Conversely, the association between PDI and nutrient adequacy (but not nutrient security) was negatively mediated by animal protein intake (SIE: −0.06 SD). In further detailed models, the association between PDI and diet quality was mainly positively mediated by protein foods from the fruit-vegetables-legumes group (0.01 SD for the nutrient security and 0.02 SD for the nutrient adequacy) and whole grains (0.02 SD for the nutrient adequacy). Our data suggest that the positive impact of plant-based diets on diet quality is largely driven by higher intakes of plant protein foods, especially from fruits-vegetables-legumes and whole grains. Conversely, lower animal protein intake tends to limit the positive impact of plant-based diets on overall positive nutrient adequacy but not security. Protein sources appear critical to healthy plant-based diets

    Nutritional issues and dietary levers during gradual meat reduction -a sequential diet optimization study to achieve progressively healthier diets

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    International audienceBackground & Aims: Reducing meat consumption is a current trend and a strong prospect for the future in Western countries, but its dietary modalities and nutrient challenges remain poorly documented. Using diet optimization under a broad set of constraints, we tried to identify a sequential meat reduction transition and analyze its nutrient issues and dietary levers. Methods: Based on the consumption of French adults (INCA3, n=1 125, 18-64 years old), we modeled a transition towards a nutritionally adequate healthy dietary pattern under the constraint of a gradual reduction in meat consumption in successive 10% steps. Using a multi-criteria optimization procedure, the diet modeled at each meat reduction step was to be healthier but close to the previous diet. Results: The most significant changes occurred early in the modeled transition process, with drastic reductions in processed and red meats in favor of poultry, which rapidly became the predominant meat before gradually decreasing from 50% to 100% meat reduction. At the same time, whole grain products, fruits and vegetables consumption increased rapidly to reach a plateau from 50% meat reduction onwards. Some nutrients were limiting, in particular bioavailable iron and zinc, and vitamin A, but sufficient intakes were achieved by restructuring diets based on food groups other than meat. Other nutrients mainly supplied by meat such as vitamin B6 and B12, protein and indispensable amino acids, were never limiting. Conclusion: Healthy and nutritionally adequate food patterns can be identified throughout a transition to complete meat reduction. After a 50% reduction in meat consumption, poultry is almost the only meat remaining and its further reduction makes the diet only marginally healthier
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