Statistical Study of Aircraft Icing Probabilities at the 700- and 500- Millibar Levels over Ocean Areas in the Northern Hemisphere

A statistical study is made of icing data reported from weather reconnaissance aircraft flown by Air Weather Service (USAF). The weather missions studied were flown at fixed flight levels of 500 millibars (18,000 ft) and 700 millibars (10,000 ft) over wide areas of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans. This report is presented as part of a program conducted by the NACA to obtain extensive icing statistics relevant to aircraft design and operation. The thousands of in-flight observations recorded over a 2- to 4-year period provide reliable statistics on icing encounters for the specific areas, altitudes, and seasons included in the data. The relative frequencies of icing occurrence are presented, together with the estimated icing probabilities and the relation of these probabilities to the frequencies of flight in clouds and cloud temperatures. The results show that aircraft operators can expect icing probabilities to vary widely throughout the year from near zero in the cold Arctic areas in winter up to 7 percent in areas where greater cloudiness and warmer temperatures prevail. The data also reveal a general tendency of colder cloud temperatures to reduce the probability of icing in equally cloudy conditions

LIGAND-INDUCED MOVEMENT OF LYMPHOCYTE MEMBRANE MACROMOLECULES : I. ANALYSIS BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL RADIOAUTOGRAPHY

The fate of different complexes on the membrane of thymocytes and spleen lymphocytes was studied with the use of both immunofluorescence and ultrastructural radioautography. The complexes of anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) with the surface Ig of B lymphocytes were present all around the membrane at 4°C; an increase in temperature produced a rapid aggregation of the complex into a cap which was readily interiorized in vesicles. Ultrastructural details of this process were given. The movement of the complexes depended upon the amount of anti-Ig and the temperature. The complexes of anti-lymphocyte antibody with surface antigen(s) did not result in formation of a single large aggregate (or cap) unless an anti-antibody was brought into the reaction. The caps formed by this trilayered complex were not interiorized. Concanavalin A (Con A) bound to cell surface carbohydrate moieties and the complexes of Con A readily formed a cap and were interiorized. Finally, antibodies to H-2 determinants did not form in most instances a single cap aggregate even when anti-antibodies were used. With time the H-2 complexes tended to form several large aggregates with some endocytosis

AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF LYMPHOCYTES WITH SURFACE-BOUND IMMUNOGLOBULIN

This report is on a radioautographic study of lymphocytes exposed to 125I-labeled anti-Ig in an attempt to identify surface-bound Ig molecules. The results as studied by ultrastructural radioautography confirmed the presence of surface-bound Ig on a certain population of lymphocytes. The specificity of the anti-Ig was determined by using appropriate controls that included the use of an absorbed anti-Ig and anti-hemocyanin antibody. The labeling pattern resulting from the interaction of labeled anti-Ig and Ig was found to be specifically associated with the cell surface and random in its distribution. Morphological differences were not apparent between labeled and nonlabeled lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes. In the thymus, most lymphocytes did not exhibit detectable Ig. The few thymic lymphocytes that were labeled had unique morphological characteristics that included fewer ribosomes, many of which were monoribosomes. Relative to the amount in their cytoplasmic organelles, plasma cells had surface Ig but to a lesser degree than lymphocytes. Finally, macrophages were nonspecifically labeled and contained antibody on their membranes as well as intracellularly

Investor Attitudes, Investment Screen Use, and Socially Responsible Investment Behavior

There is an increasing demand for socially responsible investment (SRI), and SRI screens are an important source of information for investors. Yet, little is known about the relationship between investors’ attitudes, use of SRI screens, and actual SRI behavior. To examine this relationship, we gathered data on investors’ environmental attitudes, use of SRI screens, and SRI behavior. We find that four out of five components of the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale, a measure of basic environmental attitudes, are associated with specific attitudes towards environmentally responsible investment. These specific attitudes in turn are positively associated with SRI screen use, and SRI screen use is positively associated with the percentage of investors’ portfolio held in SRIs. There is also a significant direct relationship between specific environmentally responsible investment attitudes and SRI holdings. Our results suggest that there are complex, multi-dimensional relationships between investor attitudes, SRI screen use, and investment behavior

NACA Research Memorandums

"The rotating multicylinder method for in-flight determination of liquid-water content, droplet size, and droplet-size distribution in icing clouds is described. The theory of operation, the apparatus required, the technique of obtaining data in flight, and detailed methods of calculating the results, including necessary charts and tables, are presented" (p. 1)

Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 2 Number 3

The Jefferson Nurse Letter from the President Delegates to Biennial Convention Attention Blood Transfusion - Plasma Unit Life in the Army Nurse Corps Secretary\u27s Report Elected to New Office 1892-1942 Progress or Alumnae Association 1892-1942 Report of the School of Nursing Staff News Please Change My Address Air Cooled Red Cross Report Fingerprinting Graduates in the U.S. Army and Navy Degrees Received Promotions Jubilee Report Engagements Marriages Births New Positions - 1941-1942 New Positions on the Nursing Staff of the Hospita

Individual Differences in Well-Being in Older Breast Cancer Survivors

Older women who survive breast cancer may differ significantly in their long-term well-being. Using a risk and protective factors model, we studied predictors of well-being in 127 women age 70 and above with a history of at least one year\u27s survival of breast cancer. Mean post-cancer survivorship was 5.1 years. Using life satisfaction, depression and general health perceptions as outcome variables, we assessed whether demographic variables, cancer-related variables, health status and psychosocial resources predicted variability in well-being using correlational and hierarchical regression analyses. Higher age predicted increased depression but was not associated with life satisfaction or general health perceptions. Cancer-related variables, including duration of survival, and type of cancer treatment, were not significantly associated with survivors\u27 well-being. Poorer health status was associated with poorer well-being in all three dependent variables. After controlling for demographics, cancer-related variables, and health status, higher levels of psychosocial resources including optimism, mastery, spirituality and social support predicted better outcome in all three dependent variables. While many older women survive breast cancer without severe sequelae, there is considerable variability in their well-being after survivorship. Successful intervention with older breast cancer survivors might include greater attention not only to cancer-specific concerns, but also attention to geriatric syndromes and functional impairment, and enhancement of protective psychosocial resources

\u3cem\u3eCatena\u3c/em\u3e-Poly[[Bis(α-Thenoyltrifluoroacetonato)Copper(II)]-μ-1,4-Di-4-Pyridyl-2,3-Diazabuta-1,3-Diene]

In the one-dimensional title polymer, [Cu(C8H4F3O2S)2(C12H10N4)]n or [Cu(L)2(tta)2] [tta is -thenoyltrifluoroacetonato and L is 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene], Cu2+ lies on a center of inversion. It is axially coordinated by two pyridyl N atoms from two different L ligands and equatorially coordinated by four O atoms from two chelating tta ligands. The ligand L propagates the one-dimensional chain structure by serving as a bridging ligand between two Cu octahedra via Cu-N coordinate bonds

Interventions for preventing non-melanoma skin cancers in high-risk groups

Background Some groups of people have a greater risk of developing common non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Objectives To evaluate interventions for preventing NMSC in people at high risk of developing NMSC. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register (March 2007), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2007, MEDLINE (from 2003 to March 2007), EMBASE (from 2005 to March 2007), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (February 2007). References from trials and reviews were also searched. Pharmaceutical companies were contacted for unpublished trials. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials of adults and children at high risk of developing NMSC. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently selected studies and assessed their methodological quality. Main results We identified 10 trials (7,229 participants) that assessed a variety of interventions. One trial found T4N5 liposome lotion significantly reduced the rate of appearance of new BCCs in people with xeroderma pigmentosum. One of three trials of renal transplant recipients showed a significantly reduced risk of new NMSCs when acitretin was compared to placebo (relative risk (RR) 0.22 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06 to 0.90) and no significant difference in risk of adverse events in two trials (RR 1.80, 95% CI 0.70 to 4.61). In three trials conducted in people with a history of NMSC, the evidence was inconclusive for the development of BCCs for retinol or isoretinoin. However the risk of a new SCC in one trial (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.76) and adverse events in another trial (RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.57 to 1.97) were significantly increased in the isotretinoin group compared with placebo. In one trial selenium showed a reduced risk of other types of cancer compared with placebo (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.85) but also a significantly elevated risk of a new NMSC (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.34). The evidence for one trial of beta‐carotene was inconclusive; and there was a trend towards fewer new NMSC in a trial of a reduced fat diet (RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.31), p = 0.09. Authors' conclusions Some preventative treatments may benefit people at high risk of developing NMSC, but the ability to draw firm conclusions is limited by small numbers of trials, often with one trial per intervention or with inconsistent results between studies