The Evaluation of Fission Barrier Height by Fission Toy Model Approach

Fission yields are compulsory data on the development of nuclear technology. Therefore, it is necessary to provide complete data. However, the expected experimental data encompass only a tiny fraction of various nuclides; not even all nuclides have fission product data. JENDL and ENDF are databases that have completed the experimental data. These databases were obtained through the process of evaluating experimental data. The evaluation technique used includes the results of theoretical research that has been carried out. Fission Toy Model (FTM) is a fission model proposed to complement the preexisting ones. Each model has advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of the FTM model is that it uses stochastic principle in its calculations.This research aims to obtain a fission barrier through the FTM. The work is related to calculating the fission barrier using the random nature of nucleon position. The calculation technique is basically to take advantage of the random nature of the nucleon position to calculate the Coulomb energy. Then, by calculating several essential points, a data set was obtained that can be used to produce a curve that relates the Coulomb energy to the mass number and the atomic number of a nuclide.The success of this research is indicated by the calculation results that are close to the experimental value compared to other methods

Synthesis and Optimization of Carbon Nanoparticles (C-dots) as Absorber Materials for Solar Distillation Applications

Carbon nanoparticles (C-Dots) were synthesized using citric acid and urea as carbon and fuel source, and combustion reaction methods. The absorption spectral and morphology particles of C-Dots were investigated. The morphology describes the synthesis of small (<1 μm) and monodispersedC-Dots. Thus, the C-Dots solutions has absorption spectral range of about 86% at visible light spectral. This study suggests that the as-prepared carbon nanoparticles (C-Dots) with particle size and absorption spectral tunability might be utilized as solar energy absorber material.Karbon nanopartikel (C-Dots) disintesis menggunakan asam sitrat dan urea sebagai sumber karbon dan bahan bakar, melalui reaksi pembakaran sederhana. Spektrum absorpsi dan morfologi partikel C-Dots diinvestigasi menggunakan UV-Vis Spectrometry dan analisis SEM. Hasil SEM menunjukan bahwa morfologi partikel C-Dots sangat kecil (<1 μm) dan seragam. Selain itu, larutan C-Dots memiliki spektrum absopsi pada rentang sekitar 86% pada daerah cahaya tampak. Hasil studi ini menunjukan bahwa karbon nanopartikel (C-Dots) dengan ukuran partikel dan spektrum absorpsi yang dapat diatur, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai material penyerap sinar matahari

Estimasi Dosis Tc-99m Glutation untuk Diagnosa Kanker Kepala dan Leher Berdasarkan Uji Biodistribusi Hewan Model Mencit

99mTc-GSH merupakan radiofarmaka untuk mendeteksi kanker leher dan kepala. Kanker kepala dan leher terbentuk pada jaringan atau organ yang terdapat di area kepala dan leher seperti kanker hipofaring, kanker telinga, kanker kelenjar saliva, kanker mata, kanker laring, dan kanker kelenjar tiroid. Glutataion(GSH) memiliki molekul yang kecil sehingga dapat berpenetrasi dengan baik didalam saluran kapiler yang mengalami inflamasi, kanker payudara serta kanker kepala dan tumor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui estimasi dosis organ radiofarmaka 99mTc-GSH pada manusia berbasis uji biodistribusi hewan model mencit. Uji kemurnian 99mTc-GSH dilakukan dengan menggunakan kertas kromatografi lapis tipis TLC-SG dengan fase gerak aseton kering dan larutan NaCl 0.9%. Dari hasil uji didapatkan kemurnian radiokimia sebesar 99.60 ± 0.07 %. Penelitian dilakukan pada 4 kelompok mencit dengan tiap kelompok sebanyak 3 ekor mencit. Setelah dilakukan injeksi secara intravena sebanyak 3 μCi/mL dilakukan uji biodistribusi dengan 2, 4, 6 dan 24 jam pasca injeksi dengan organ yang diteliti adalah kulit, otot, tulang, darah, usus, hati, limpa, jantung, ginjal, lambung, paru-paru, kantung kemih, dan otak. Hasil uji bidodistribusi yang diperoleh berbentuk persentase dosis injeksi per gram organ hewan, kemudian dikonversi ke persentase dosis injeksi per gram organ manusia. Hasil konversi digunakan sebagai input pada software OLINDA/EXM, menghasilkan residence time yang dapat digunakan sebagai basis perhitungan estimasi dosis 99mTc-GSH. Hasil estimasi dosis yang diperoleh adalah dosis efektif total 1,14x10-3 mSv/MBq untuk pria dan 1.34 x10-3 mSv/MBq untuk wanita. Distribusi dosis organ pada manusia yang terbesar untuk pria adalah dan ginjal 3.05 x10-4 mSv/MBq sedangkan untuk wanita adalah ginjal 3.32 x10-4 mSv/MBq. Hasil estimasi dosis ini dapat digunakan sebagai panduan dosis injeksi, namun perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut agar didapatkan estimasi dosis yang tepat

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

SYNTHESIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF CARBON NANOPARTICLES (C-DOTS) AS ABSORBER MATERIALS FOR SOLAR DISTILLATION APPLICATIONS

Carbon nanoparticles (C-Dots) were synthesized using citric acid and urea as carbon and fuel source, and combustion reaction methods. The absorption spectral and morphology particles of C-Dots were investigated. The morphology describes the synthesis of small (&lt;1 μm) and monodispersedC-Dots. Thus, the C-Dots solutions has absorption spectral range of about 86% at visible light spectral. This study suggests that the as-prepared carbon nanoparticles (C-Dots) with particle size and absorption spectral tunability might be utilized as solar energy absorber material.Karbon nanopartikel (C-Dots) disintesis menggunakan asam sitrat dan urea sebagai sumber karbon dan bahan bakar, melalui reaksi pembakaran sederhana. Spektrum absorpsi dan morfologi partikel C-Dots diinvestigasi menggunakan UV-Vis Spectrometry dan analisis SEM. Hasil SEM menunjukan bahwa morfologi partikel C-Dots sangat kecil (&lt;1 μm) dan seragam. Selain itu, larutan C-Dots memiliki spektrum absopsi pada rentang sekitar 86% pada daerah cahaya tampak. Hasil studi ini menunjukan bahwa karbon nanopartikel (C-Dots) dengan ukuran partikel dan spektrum absorpsi yang dapat diatur, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai material penyerap sinar matahari.</p

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Nano Hidroxyapatite Using Gamma Iradiation Technique for Biomaterial

The development and use of biomaterials in the biomedical field as bone implants are becoming increasingly important. Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) – bionanohydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogel has been carried using gamma irradiation technique. The PVA-HAp mixtures containing PVA (10-20%, w/v) and a single concentration of HAp (20%w) were irradiated with various irradiation doses (0-20 kGy). The physico-chemical properties of irradiated composites were observed,includingmechanical properties, water absorption, biodegradation test, and characterized using Fourier-transform Infared Spectroscopy(FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the optimum conditions wasPVA-HAp hydrogel composites (20%-20%, irradiation dose 20 kGy) with tensile strength 0.82 Mpa, elongation of 281.67%, water absorption of 103.18%, and biodegradation of 22.46%. The results of FTIR measurements of PVA-HAp composites showed the occurrence of crosslinking between PVA-HAp in the irradiation process. The SEM and TEM measurements showed that HAp powder was nano particle ( &lt;60 mesh) and in the formed of fibers and with heterogen porousThe irradiated PVA-HA composite was expected to be as candidate for biomaterials application

Synthesis and Optimization of Carbon Nanoparticles (C-Dots) as Absorber Materials For Solar Distillation Applications

Carbon nanoparticles (C-Dots) were synthesized using citric acid and urea as carbon and fuel source, and combustion reaction methods. The absorption spectral and morphology particles of C-Dots were investigated. The morphology describes the synthesis of small (<1 μm) and monodispersedC-Dots. Thus, the C-Dots solutions has absorption spectral range of about 86% at visible light spectral. This study suggests that the as-prepared carbon nanoparticles (C-Dots) with particle size and absorption spectral tunability might be utilized as solar energy absorber material