Como explicar o persistente diferencial salarial em desfavor das mulheres? Um contributo com base nas dinâmicas laborais recentes em Portugal

Este artigo observa o diferencial nas remunerações de base e nos ganhos de mulheres e homens em Portugal, enquadrando a análise nas transformações económicas e laborais mais recentes. É sublinhada, num primeiro momento, a persistência de um diferencial muito elevado, não obstante um declínio ligeiro nos anos mais recentes. Esta constatação está em linha com outras análises sobre as dinâmicas laborais que apontam para uma aproximação entre mulheres e homens em vários indicadores relativos ao mercado de trabalho, em resultado de uma acentuada degradação das condições laborais e de vida dos homens, sobretudo nos anos que se seguiram à fase mas aguda da crise. Este é o pano de fundo para o segundo propósito do texto, que compreende a sistematização das interpretações teóricas em torno da persistência do diferencial salarial em desfavor das mulheres e das respetivas causas.This article deeply looks at the gender pay gap in Portugal, by contextualizing the main trends in the wider recent economic and labour changes. In a first moment, the persistence of a high gender pay gap in the country is highlighted, despite the slight decline over the course of the last years. Such a finding is in line with other analyses on recent labour dynamics, according to which the decreasing gap between men and women in regard to various labour market indicators is mainly a result of the tremendous degradation of working and living conditions experienced by men, particularly during the most critical period of the economic crisis. This is the background that supports the second objective of this paper, which is aimed at delivering a systematization of the main theoretical explanations for the persistent asymmetries in pay between men and women and for the respective causes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Projeto Igualdade de Género nas Empresas – Break Even - Guia para a Promoção da Igualdade entre Mulheres e Homens

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Projeto Igualdade de Género nas Empresas – Break Even - Referencial de Formação

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Projeto Igualdade de Género nas Empresas – Break Even - Guião de Referência para a Elaboração do Diagnóstico

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Female entrepreneurship : Public and private funding

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Oscar MolinaFemale entrepreneurs represent just a small proportion of the total number of entrepreneurs in the European Union today. Some of the hurdles facing female entrepreneurs - or would-be entrepreneurs - are related to getting adequate funding, access to the right networks, and finding the right information and advice. In the last few years, some private funds have realised that female founders are not always well served and there is a market gap when it comes to investing in women-led enterprises. This report examines the use of private funds to invest in female entrepreneurs in the European Union and Norway. In addition, it investigates the prevalence of public finance tools and public support schemes that effectively remove barriers and enable women to become competent entrepreneurs

Overtime in Europe : regulation and practice

Aquest informe s'elabora a partir de les diferents contribucions de la Network of Eurofound Correspondents, i pel que fa a Espanya la contribució ha estat de l'ALejandro GodinoDespite the well-known adverse effects of regular long working hours on workers' health, well-being and performance, many workers in the EU continue to work beyond their normal hours. Part of this additional working time is classified as overtime. This report takes a comparative overview of how overtime is regulated in the EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom, including its definition, the limits on its use and the compensation received by workers for working extra hours. The report assesses the extent of the phenomenon using national-level data, delves into the factors that explain it, and examines the potential consequences for workers and firms. Finally, the report summarises the current debate on the topic, as uncompensated working hours, structural overtime and monitoring of working hours are currently some of the most discussed work-related issues across the EU

Seniority-based entitlements : extent, policy debates and research

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Oscar MolinaSeniority systems - schemes that allot improving employment rights or benefits to employees as their length of employment increases - have not been widely studied. This report provides the first comprehensive study comparing the design and spread of seniority-based entitlements (SBEs) in Europe and mapping related policy debates. It is primarily based on contributions from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, covering the 28 EU Member States and Norway, but also presents aggregate seniority-earnings curves for the EU based on data from the Structure of Earnings Survey. The aim of the report is to take stock of the currently existing different types of SBEs in the private and public sectors. It concludes that despite an obvious trend to remove them from regulations or reform them, a substantial amount of such entitlements is here to stay. Paradoxically, countries which have regulations on seniority pay in place tend to have flatter aggregate seniority-earnings curves than countries without such regulations

EU migrant women : migration, family life and professional trajectories

This article focuses on the impact of migration on the career and financial autonomy of migrant women living in Portugal coming from other countries of the European Union. It illustrates the main characteristics of the employment trajectories and current situation of these migrant women, namely by identifying the migration patterns which are more prevalent in the Portuguese case than elsewhere. These may reveal a certain specificity of the EU migration to Portugal, being more in accordance with a «traditional» model of family migration, and dominated by partner-related employment reasons.Este artículo se centra en el impacto que tiene la inmigración sobre las carreras profesionales y la autonomía finaciera de las mujeres de otros países de la Unión Europea que viven en Portugal. El trabajo ilustra las características principales de las trayectorias de empleo y la situación actual de estas mujeres, identificando un patrón de inmigración que está más presente en Portugal que en cualquier otro país europeo. Los resultados atisban una cierta especificidad del modelo migratorio intracomunitario en Portugal, asociado a un modelo «tradicional» de migraciones familiares que se explican a partir de las razones laborales del varón

EU migrant women; migration, family life and professional trajectories (Portugal)

Este artículo se centra en el impacto que tiene la inmigración sobre las carreras profesionales y la autonomía finaciera de las mujeres de otros países de la Unión Europea que viven en Portugal. El trabajo ilustra las características principales de las trayectorias de empleo y la situación actual de estas mujeres, identificando un patrón de inmigración que está más presente en Portugal que en cualquier otro país europeo. Los resultados atisban una cierta especificidad del modelo migratorio intracomunitario en Portugal, asociado a un modelo "tradicional" de migraciones familiares que se explican a partir de las razones laborales del varón

EU migrant women; migration, family life and professional trajectories (Portugal)

Este artículo se centra en el impacto que tiene la inmigración sobre las carreras profesionales y la autonomía finaciera de las mujeres de otros países de la Unión Europea que viven en Portugal. El trabajo ilustra las características principales de las trayectorias de empleo y la situación actual de estas mujeres, identificando un patrón de inmigración que está más presente en Portugal que en cualquier otro país europeo. Los resultados atisban una cierta especificidad del modelo migratorio intracomunitario en Portugal, asociado a un modelo "tradicional" de migraciones familiares que se explican a partir de las razones laborales del varón