Levosalbutamol as alternative to drugs on the basis of racemic salbutamol: Review of the results of pre-clinical research

The aim of the work is to conduct an analytical review of the results of preclinical studies of levosalbutamol. The review discusses the pharmacodynamic features of the R-stereoisomer of salbutamol in vitro. The chemical bases of interaction of levosalbutamol with β2-adrenoreceptors, intracellular signaling cascades associated with β2-adrenoreceptors, and structural features of clinically significant ligands of β2-adrenoreceptors are presented. Broncholytic activity, influence on the contractility of the diaphragmatic muscles, mucociliary clearance of R-salbutamol in comparison with racemic salbutamol are described. The data presented indicate that all known β2-adrenergic receptor-dependent effects of racemic salbutamol, including bronchodilation, are realized by its R-enantiomer. There is evidence that the regular inhalation administration of racemic salbutamol is accompanied by a partial decrease in the bronchoprotective effect and an increase in airway hyperreactivity in response to the action of provocative factors. It was found that the development of hyperreactivity of the respiratory tract is excluded in the case of regular inhalation of levosalbutamol. Possible mechanisms of the paradoxical bronchoconstrictor effect of the salbutamol dystomer are described. This article shows the beneficial effect of levosalbutamol on mucociliary clearance, its anti-inflammatory activity and antiallergic effect. The image data are compared between the enantiomers and the racemate of salbutamol. Special attention is paid to the pharmacokinetics of enantiomers of salbutamol. The data presented from the preclinical studies provide evidence of chiral inversion of stereoisomers of salbutamol

Substantiating optimum parameters and efficiency of rotary brush cutters

The problem of untimely forest thinning is quite common in today's society. It leads to the emergence of the underbrush, which negatively impacts the growth and development of young trees. Therefore, this work aims to estimate the feasibility of applying a new rotary brush cutter model to eliminate excessive vegetation. The dependence of the tractor's speed when removing underbrush with different diameters of tree trunks was established by performing mathematical modeling to optimize the brush cutter parameters. Three types of flexible inertia cutting devices were investigated: flat knives, sprocket chains, and knife chains. Knife chains are the most optimal choice as they cut plants most efficiently (94.61% and 92.5% for two-year and three-year underbrush, respectively). They also show the lowest energy consumption for underbrush with a trunk between 1 and 2.4 cm in diameter. Further experiments are required to determine if the developed mathematical model can be used for more neglected forestry stands. © 2022 Institut za Istrazivanja. All rights reserved

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НОВОГО ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ МОБИЛЬНЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ «CAPSTESIA» ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОТРЕБНОСТИ В ИНФУЗИЯХ

As a rule, methods evaluating the need and volume of fluid therapy are expensive, they require relevant equipment and it is not always available in hospitals; therefore it has been proposed to use mobile devices with Capstesia software to capture the image of the arterial pressure curve from the monitor screen and to analyze it in order to determine the variability of the pulse pressure (PPV). Materials and subjects. The efficiency of defining the need for fluid therapy using Capstesia was assessed in the clinical settings. 95 integrated measurements were performed in 19 patients with septic shock, who had the catheter installed to monitor the fluid therapy for trans-pulmonary thermodilution; and the PiCCO2 monitor was used. Simultaneously, the test with the volemic load (VLT) was conducted and PPV was tested with the aid of Capstesia. Results. The analysis revealed significantly higher mean differences and ranges of levels' consistency when testing PPV by Capstesia, in which the error rate was also higher than the acceptable level and it made 56%, whereas the method of VLT had only 20% of errors and significantly smaller mean difference and ranges of consistency levels. Методы оценки необходимости и объема инфузионной терапии, как правило, дорогостоящи, требуют наличия соответствующего оборудования и не всегда доступны для рядовых клиник, поэтому предложено использование гаджета с программой «Capstesia» для захвата изображения кривой артериального давления с экрана монитора и ее анализа для определения вариабельности пульсового давления (PPV). Материал и методы. Проведена проверка эффективности определения потребности в инфузиях с помощью метода «Capstesia» в клинических условиях. Выполнено 95 комплексных измерений у 19 больных с септическим шоком, которым для контроля проведения инфузионной терапии устанавливали катетер для транспульмональной термодилюции и использовали монитор «PiCCO2». Одновременно проводили пробу с волемической нагрузкой (ПВН) и определение PPV при помощи «Capstesia». Результаты. Анализ выявил значительно более высокие показатели средней разности и диапазон уровней согласованности при использовании определения PPV при помощи «Capstesia», при котором процент ошибок также был выше приемлемого уровня – 56%, тогда как метод ПВН имел только 20% ошибок, значительно меньшую среднюю разность и диапазон уровней согласованности.

Ocrelizumab versus Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Supported by F. Hoffmann–La Roche

Creating a project office for implementing survey works of complex infrastructure objects of a capital construction on the basis of works’ decomposition

The article dwells on the formation of the project office for implementing survey works of complex infrastructure objects of capital construction. General principles of forming the project office are formulated; its organizational structure is also provided. Options proposed for appointment to the post of chief engineer of the complex project. The author suggests variants of appointing workers on the position of a chief engineer of a complex project. The author has determined functions of the project office’s workers, managing survey works. In the conclusion the author provides recommendations on forming control commands and organization of survey works on large scale infrastructure objects

Creation of a hierarchical structure of design and survey works for complex infrastructure objects of capital construction

The author has considered the issues of forming hierarchical structure of design and survey works for complex infrastructure objects of capital construction. The concept of works’ decomposition is disclosed. There are identified and described the characteristic features of partitioning the project into components. On the analysis of theoretical sources and generalization of practical experience in project management the author has proposed a variant of the hierarchical structure of works. Using the obtained hierarchical structure of works the author suggests solving problems of forming control teams for realization of complex projects

THE NOVEL MOBILE DEVICE APPLICATION OF CAPSTESIA AIMED TO DEFINE THE NEED FOR FLUID THERAPY

As a rule, methods evaluating the need and volume of fluid therapy are expensive, they require relevant equipment and it is not always available in hospitals; therefore it has been proposed to use mobile devices with Capstesia software to capture the image of the arterial pressure curve from the monitor screen and to analyze it in order to determine the variability of the pulse pressure (PPV). Materials and subjects. The efficiency of defining the need for fluid therapy using Capstesia was assessed in the clinical settings. 95 integrated measurements were performed in 19 patients with septic shock, who had the catheter installed to monitor the fluid therapy for trans-pulmonary thermodilution; and the PiCCO2 monitor was used. Simultaneously, the test with the volemic load (VLT) was conducted and PPV was tested with the aid of Capstesia. Results. The analysis revealed significantly higher mean differences and ranges of levels' consistency when testing PPV by Capstesia, in which the error rate was also higher than the acceptable level and it made 56%, whereas the method of VLT had only 20% of errors and significantly smaller mean difference and ranges of consistency levels