A Nekhoroshev Theorem for some Infinite Dimensional Systems

We study the persistence for long times of the solutions of some infinite--dimensional discrete hamiltonian systems with {\it formal hamiltonian} \sum_{i=1}^\infty h(A_i) + V(\vp), (A,\vp)\in {\Bbb R}^{\Bbb N}\times {\Bbb T}^{\Bbb N}. V(\vp) is not needed small and the problem is perturbative being the kinetic energy unbounded. All the initial data (A_i(0), \vp_i(0)), $i\in {\Bbb N}$ in the phase--space ${\Bbb R}^{\Bbb N} \times {\Bbb T}^{\Bbb N},$ give rise to solutions with $\mod A_i(t) - A_i(0).$ close to zero for exponentially--long times provided that $A_i(0)$ is large enough for $\mod i.$ large. We need \o \partial h,\partial A_i,{\scriptstyle (A_i(0))} unbounded for $i\to+\infty$ making \vp_i a {\it fast variable}; the greater is $i,$ the faster is the angle \vp_i (avoiding the resonances). The estimates are obtained in the spirit of the averaging theory reminding the analytic part of Nekhoroshev--theorem

PROGETTAZIONE E REALIZZAZIONE DI UN COMPUTER-CLUSTER PER L’ANALISI DATI GPS CON I SOFTWARE GAMIT E QOCA

Negli ultimi 5 anni si è assistito ad un rapido aumento del numero di reti di stazioni GPS continue (CGPS) attive sul territorio Italiano e, più in generale, nell’area Mediterranea. Se da un lato lo sviluppo delle reti CGPS per lo studio dei fenomeni geofisici (terremoti, vulcani, variazioni del livello del mare, ecc...) è ancora legato a particolari programmi di ricerca nei diversi paesi del bacino Mediterraneo, dall’altro un po’ in tutta Europa, ma anche in alcune aree del continente Africano, si è assistito alla nascita di reti CGPS realizzate per scopi diversi da quelli geofisici (cartografici, topografici, catastali o per la navigazione). Se da una parte le reti CGPS realizzate con criteri “geofisici” [es., Anzidei & Esposito, 2003] forniscono un dato generalmente più affidabile, in termini di stabilità delle monumentazioni, qualità del dati e continuità temporale delle osservazioni, dall’altra le reti CGPS regionali di tipo “non-geofisico”, nonostante una distribuzione ovviamente disomogenea, hanno dimostrato di fornire comunque informazioni utili alla stima dei campi di velocità e di deformazione crostale [es., D’Agostino et al., 2008], e di integrarsi il più delle colte con altre reti di tipo “geofisico” esistenti. Al fine di migliorare la risoluzione spaziale del segnale tettonico misurabile da una rete GPS, la scelta di realizzare un computer cluster per l’analisi dati GPS è stata presa al fine di garantire un rapido, ed il più possibile automatico, processamento di tutti i dati a disposizione per l’area Euro-Mediterranea ed Africana. I software comunemente utilizzati in ambito scientifico per l’analisi dei dati GPS sono il GAMIT/GLOBK il BERNESE ed il GIPSY. Al di là delle differenze legate agli algoritmi di calcolo dei tre software in questione, e dei vantaggi o svantaggi di uno e dell’altro approccio di cui necessitano, una corretta progettazione della dotazione hardware e software è il passaggio fondamentale per la creazione di un moderno ed efficiente centro di analisi dati GPS finalizzato alla razionalizzazione delle risorse e dei costi. Dato il numero molto elevato di stazioni CGPS oggi potenzialmente disponibili (diverse centinaia per la sola area Mediterranea), una procedura che analizzi simultaneamente tutte le stazioni è difficilmente praticabile. Nonostante recenti sviluppi di nuovi algoritmi [Blewitt, 2008] rendano effettivamente possibile un’analisi simultanea di “mega-reti”, anche a scala globale, la disponibilità di calcolo su sistemi multi- processore risulta comunque fondamentale. Nel caso specifico in cui il software utilizzato per l’analisi dei dati si basi su soluzioni di rete (network solutions), come il BERNESE ed il GAMIT, riveste fondamentale importanza lo sfruttamento ottimale delle risorse computazionali, e soprattutto la possibilità di sfruttare appieno le potenzialità sia dei più recenti computer multi-processore che dei nuovi processori ad architettura multi-core. Nessuno dei software indicati precedentemente è implementato per il calcolo parallelo, di conseguenza, lo sfruttamento delle architetture multi-processore o multi-core deve passare necessariamente per altre vie. Una di queste è quella del calcolo distribuito (distributed-processing), in cui, ad esempio, diversi nodi di calcolo (che possono essere diverse macchine, diversi processori, o diversi core di processori) analizzano reti CGPS diverse, o diversi giorni della stessa rete CGPS. Se da una parte il mercato offre numerose soluzioni commerciali per la realizzazione di procedure di calcolo distribuito (Microsoft Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003, Sun Cluster, NEC ExpressCluster; IBM Parallel Sysplex, per citarne alcuni), dall’altra la disponibilità di software open source per questo tipo di scopi è oggi completa e ben integrata nei sistemi operativi UNIX based.   In questo rapporto tecnico viene descritta la procedura seguita per la realizzazione di un nuovo server per l’analisi dei dati GPS presso la Sede INGV di Bologna basato su un computer cluster, utilizzando software Open Source, in ambiente GNU/Linux

Preliminary survey of historic buildings with wearable mobile mapping systems and uav photogrammetry

In cultural heritage, three-dimensional documentation of historic buildings is fundamental for conservation and valorisation projects. In recent years, the consolidated tools and methods: Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and close-range photogrammetry, have been joined by portable Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs), which can offer significant advantages in terms of speed of survey operations at the price of reduced accuracy. The reduction of survey times and, therefore, costs makes the application of MMS techniques ideal for the preliminary stages of analysis of historical artifacts, when a rapid survey is indispensable for estimating the costs of conservation interventions. In this paper, we present a methodology for the expeditious survey of historic buildings and the surrounding urban fabric that is based on the use of an MMS and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The MMS is the Gexcel Heron MS Twin color. It was used to survey two architecture of interest and the urban context surrounding them from the ground level. The UAV is the DJI Mini 2, used to integrate the terrestrial survey by acquiring the buildings' roofs. The case study presented in the paper is the survey of San Clemente and San Zeno al Foro churches, two historic churches in the city centre of Brescia (Italy). The result are a complete point cloud of the two buildings and a metric virtual tour of all spaces. These results were made available to the architects through the Cintoo web platform to plan future activities

Giant Anisotropy of Spin-Orbit Splitting at the Bismuth Surface

We investigate the bismuth (111) surface by means of time and angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The parallel detection of the surface states below and above the Fermi level reveals a giant anisotropy of the Spin-Orbit (SO) spitting. These strong deviations from the Rashba-like coupling cannot be treated in $\textbf{k}\cdot \textbf{p}$ perturbation theory. Instead, first principle calculations could accurately reproduce the experimental dispersion of the electronic states. Our analysis shows that the giant anisotropy of the SO splitting is due to a large out-of plane buckling of the spin and orbital texture.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Transfer of spectral weight across the gap of Sr2IrO4 induced by La doping

We study with Angle Resolved PhotoElectron Spectroscopy (ARPES) the evolution of the electronic structure of Sr2IrO4, when holes or electrons are introduced, through Rh or La substitutions. At low dopings, the added carriers occupy the first available states, at bottom or top of the gap, revealing an anisotropic gap of 0.7eV in good agreement with STM measurements. At further doping, we observe a reduction of the gap and a transfer of spectral weight across the gap, although the quasiparticle weight remains very small. We discuss the origin of the in-gap spectral weight as a local distribution of gap values

SURVEY OF HISTORICAL GARDENS: MULTI-CAMERA PHOTOGRAMMETRY VS MOBILE LASER SCANNING

This paper presents an investigation into the characterization of historical gardens by comparing two 3D survey methodologies. In this context, approaches employing terrestrial laser scanning are considered the most accurate, while Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs) are considered promising due to their extreme productivity. Less common is the use of close-range photogrammetry. This paper compares two approaches based on the use of a wearable MMS and the use of an in-house built photogrammetric multi-camera prototype. The comparison aims to assess the applicability of the two techniques in this field, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages in surveying a historical garden and extracting information for tree inventory, such as the DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) and canopy footprint. We compared the practicality of surveying and processing operations; and the quality and characteristics of the point clouds obtained. Both systems produced a dense representation of the terrain. The multi-camera survey resulted to be more defined due to the lower noise of the point cloud but incomplete in the definition of tree canopies. DBH of tree trunks can be extracted with both systems, except for thinner and finer diameter trunks detected by the MMS approach but not always by the multi-camera. The MMS approach proved more effective thanks to a shorter survey time required to cover an equal area and the fact that the MMS survey alone is sufficient for the geometric description of trees. In contrast, the multi-camera approach cannot avoid integration with an aerial survey for canopy reconstruction

TARGETLESS REGISTRATION METHODS BETWEEN UAV LIDAR AND WEARABLE MMS POINT CLOUDS

Fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and wearable or portable Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) are two widely used platforms for point cloud acquisition with Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) sensors. The two platforms acquire from distant viewpoints and produce complementary point clouds, one describing predominantly horizontal surfaces and the other primarily vertical. Thus, the registration of the two data is not straightforward. This paper presents a test of targetless registration between a UAV LiDAR point cloud and terrestrial MMS surveys. The case study is a vegetated hilly landscape characterized by the presence of a structure of interest; the UAV acquisition allows the entire area to be acquired from above, while the terrestrial MMS acquisitions will enable the construction of interest to be detailed. The paper describes the survey phase with both techniques. It focuses on processing and registration strategies to fuse the two data together. Our approach is based on the ICP (Iterative Closest Point) method by exploiting the data processing algorithms available in the Heron Desktop post-processing software for handling data acquired with the Heron Backpack MMS instrument. Two co-registration methods are compared. Both ways use the UAV point cloud as a reference and derive the registration of the terrestrial MMS data by finding ICP matches between the ground acquisition and the reference cloud exploiting only a few areas of overlap. The two methods are detailed in the paper, and both allow us to complete the co-registration task

Significant reduction of electronic correlations upon isovalent Ru substitution of BaFe2As2

We present a detailed investigation of Ba(Fe0.65Ru0.35)2As2 by transport measurements and Angle Resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We observe that Fe and Ru orbitals hybridize to form a coherent electronic structure and that Ru does not induce doping. The number of holes and electrons, deduced from the area of the Fermi Surface pockets, are both about twice larger than in BaFe2As2. The contribution of both carriers to the transport is evidenced by a change of sign of the Hall coefficient with decreasing temperature. Fermi velocities increase significantly with respect to BaFe2As2, suggesting a significant reduction of correlation effects. This may be a key to understand the appearance of superconductivity at the expense of magnetism in undoped iron pnictides

Ultrafast filling of an electronic pseudogap in an incommensurate crystal

We investigate the quasiperiodic crystal (LaS)1.196(VS2) by angle and time resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The dispersion of electronic states is in qualitative agreement with band structure calculated for the VS2 slab without the incommensurate distortion. Nonetheless, the spectra display a temperature dependent pseudogap instead of quasiparticles crossing. The sudden photoexcitation at 50 K induces a partial filling of the electronic pseudogap within less than 80 fs. The electronic energy flows into the lattice modes on a comparable timescale. We attribute this surprisingly short timescale to a very strong electron-phonon coupling to the incommensurate distortion. This result sheds light on the electronic localization arising in aperiodic structures and quasicrystals

Theoretical description of high-order harmonic generation in solids

We consider several aspects of high-order harmonic generation in solids: the effects of elastic and inelastic scattering; varying pulse characteristics; and inclusion of material-specific parameters through a realistic band structure. We reproduce many observed characteristics of high harmonic generation experiments in solids including the formation of only odd harmonics in inversion-symmetric materials, and the nonlinear formation of high harmonics with increasing field. We find that the harmonic spectra are fairly robust against elastic and inelastic scattering. Furthermore, we find that the pulse characteristics play an important role in determining the harmonic spectra.Comment: Accepted for publication in the New Journal of Physic