Knot Fertility and Lineage

In this paper, we introduce a new type of relation between knots called the descendant relation. One knot $H$ is a descendant of another knot $K$ if $H$ can be obtained from a minimal crossing diagram of $K$ by some number of crossing changes. We explore properties of the descendant relation and study how certain knots are related, paying particular attention to those knots, called fertile knots, that have a large number of descendants. Furthermore, we provide computational data related to various notions of knot fertility and propose several open questions for future exploration.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, 14 table

Influencia de las Estrategias Promocionales en el Comportamiento del Consumidor en la Empresa Turística La Perla de Matagalpa en el año 2016

En el presente documento se estudió el tema Influencias de las Estrategias Promocionales en el Comportamiento del Consumidor en las Empresas de Matagalpa, 2016. Con el propósito de analizar la influencia de las Estrategias Promocionales en el comportamiento del consumidor en la empresa Turística ¨La Perla¨ Matagalpa, 2016. La importancia de esta investigación es para que las empresas influyan en la mente del cliente, por ende es necesario que realicen estrategias promocionales para incentivar así como también realizar publicidad para llamar la atención del cliente, utilizando medios masivos e impersonales pagados que sean vistos por la mayoría de las audiencias metas. La empresa Turística La Perla, aplica las estrategias promocionales las cuales son: estrategia de empuje de la cual solo utiliza las promociones comerciales, así mismo también emplea la estrategia de atracción usando publicidad, premios directos, concursos y merchandising, por otra parte se ejecuta la comunicación integral de marketing tales como son sus componentes: publicidad, ventas personales, relaciones públicas y promociones de ventas. El comportamiento del consumidor se evalúo mediante factores externos siendo más representativo el aspecto demográfico y la familia, así como también los factores internos encontrando el factor de percepción y factor de motivación como los más sobresalientes; de igual manera se estudiaron los diferentes tipos de consumidores y el proceso para llevar a cabo la toma de decisión. Las estrategias promocionales tienden a ser una gran influencia en el comportamiento de cada consumidor, ya que logran cautivar la atención hacia dichos objetivos propuestos por la empresa logrando obtener resultados optimistas para ambas parte

Discrete Hamiltonian evolution and quantum gravity

We study constrained Hamiltonian systems by utilizing general forms of time discretization. We show that for explicit discretizations, the requirement of preserving the canonical Poisson bracket under discrete evolution imposes strong conditions on both allowable discretizations and Hamiltonians. These conditions permit time discretizations for a limited class of Hamiltonians, which does not include homogeneous cosmological models. We also present two general classes of implicit discretizations which preserve Poisson brackets for any Hamiltonian. Both types of discretizations generically do not preserve first class constraint algebras. Using this observation, we show that time discretization provides a complicated time gauge fixing for quantum gravity models, which may be compared with the alternative procedure of gauge fixing before discretization.Comment: 8 pages, minor changes, to appear in CQ

Split Boot -- True Network-Based Booting on Heterogeneous MPSoCs

In the context of the High-Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the LHC, many custom ATCA electronics boards are being designed containing heterogeneous System-on-Chip (SoC) devices, more specifically the Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ (ZUS+) family. While the application varies greatly, these devices are regularly used for performing board management tasks, making them a fundamental element in the correct operation of the board. The large number of hundreds of SoC devices creates significant challenges in their firmware deployment, maintenance, and accessibility. Even though U-Boot on ZUS+ devices supports network boot through the Preboot Execution Environment (PXE), the standard ZUS+ boot process contains application-specific information at earlier boot steps, particularly within the First Stage Bootloader (FSBL). This prevents the initialization of several devices from a universal image. Inspired by the PXE boot process on desktop PCs, this paper describes split boot, a novel boot method tailored to the specific needs of the ZUS+. All application-specific configuration is moved to a network storage device and automatically fetched during the boot process. We considered the entire process, from firmware and software development to binary distribution in a large-scale system. The developed method nicely integrates with the standard Xilinx development toolset workflow.Comment: 7 pages, double-column, 7 figures, 2 tables. Paper submitted as proceeding for the 23rd IEEE Real Time Conference (2022

Анализ функционирования свободных экономических зон в России (на примере ОЭЗ «Янтарь» в Калининградской области

Целью работы является анализ функционирования особых экономических зон в России, на примере особой экономической зоны «Янтарь» в Калининградской области. В процессе исследования были изучены теоретические основы свободных экономических зон, так же проводился анализ состояния развития и перспектив свободных экономических зон в России, анализ состояния и эффективности особой экономической зоны «Янтарь» в Калининградской области. Кроме того, проводилось исследование деятельности таможенных органов на территории вышеупомянутой особой экономической зоны. В результате исследования были выявлены проблемы, которые препятствуют эффективной деятельности особой экономической зоны «Янтарь» и деятельности таможенных органов на ее территории.The aim is to analyze the functioning of special economic zones in Russia, in particular by the example of a special economic zone "Amber" in the Kaliningrad region. During the study in the course of research theoretical bases of free economic zones have been studied, also the analysis of a condition of development and prospects of free economic zones in Russia, the analysis of a condition and efficiency of the special economic zone "Amber" in the Kaliningrad region was carried out. In additional, research of activities of customs authorities in the territory of an above-mentioned special economic zone was conducted

Costo de ventas y su relación con el estado de resultados en la empresa de armado de tableros eléctricos en el distrito de Breña, año 2022

La presente tesis tiene por objetivo general determinar de qué manera el costo de ventas se relaciona con el estado de resultados en la empresa de armado de tableros eléctricos. La metodología empleada fue de tipo básica con enfoque cualitativo, se realizó entrevistas a 5 profesionales en contabilidad que son parte de la población de 67 personas y que pertenecen a las distintas áreas de la empresa. Con un diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional, se usó la muestra no probabilística y se empleó como técnica el análisis documental, así como la entrevista, a través de ella se recopiló información con las respuestas otorgadas por los entrevistados con ayuda de la guía de entrevista, instrumento utilizado en este proyecto. Después de recopilar la información necesaria se realizó su respectivo análisis y se llegó a la conclusión que el costo de ventas posee una alta relación con el estado de resultados debido a que si no se posee información del costo de ventas no se podría dar por terminado el estado de resultados, además, su ausencia afectaría a la empresa de manera negativa en su utilidad y en varios de sus niveles, se afirma que ambos se correlacionan

Black-box Integration of Heterogeneous Modeling Languages for Cyber-Physical Systems

Robots belong to a class of Cyber-Physical Systems where complex software as a mobile device has to full tasks in a complex environment. Modeling robotics applications for analysis and code generation requires modeling languages for the logical software architecture and the system behavior. The MontiArcAutomaton modeling framework integrates six independently developed modeling languages to model robotics applications: a component & connector architecture description language, automata, I/O tables, class diagrams, OCL, and a Java DSL. We describe how we integrated these languages into MontiArcAutomaton a-posteriori in a black-box integration fashion.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. GEMOC Workshop 2013 - International Workshop on The Globalization of Modeling Languages, Miami, Florida (USA), Volume 1102 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 201

Mid-infrared sources in the ELAIS Deep X-ray Survey

We present a cross‐correlation of the European Large Area Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) survey (ELAIS) with the ELAIS Deep X‐ray Survey of the N1 and N2 fields. There are seven Chandra point sources with matches in the ELAIS Final Analysis 15‐μm catalogue, out of a total of 28 extragalactic ISO sources present in the Chandra fields. Five of these are consistent with active galactic nuclei (AGN) giving an AGN fraction of ∼19 per cent in the 15‐μm flux range 0.8–6 mJy. We have co‐added the hard X‐ray fluxes of the individually undetected ISO sources and find a low significance detection consistent with star formation in the remaining population. We combine our point source cross‐correlation fraction with the XMM–Newton observations of the Lockman Hole and Chandra observations of the Hubble Deep Field North to constrain source count models of the mid‐infrared galaxy population. The low dust‐enshrouded AGN fraction in ELAIS implied by the number of cross‐identifications between the ELAIS mid‐infrared sample and the Chandra point sources is encouraging for the use of mid‐infrared surveys to constrain the cosmic star formation history, provided there are not further large undetected populations of Compton‐thick AGN

Vision transformer assisting rheumatologists in screening for capillaroscopy changes in systemic sclerosis: an artificial intelligence model

OBJECTIVES: The first objective of this study was to implement and assess the performance and reliability of a vision transformer (ViT)-based deep-learning model, an 'off-the-shelf' artificial intelligence solution, for identifying distinct signs of microangiopathy in nailfold capilloroscopy (NFC) images of patients with SSc. The second objective was to compare the ViT's analysis performance with that of practising rheumatologists. METHODS: NFC images of patients prospectively enrolled in our European Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR) and Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis (VEDOSS) local registries were used. The primary outcome investigated was the ViT's classification performance for identifying disease-associated changes (enlarged capillaries, giant capillaries, capillary loss, microhaemorrhages) and the presence of the scleroderma pattern in these images using a cross-fold validation setting. The secondary outcome involved a comparison of the ViT's performance vs that of rheumatologists on a reliability set, consisting of a subset of 464 NFC images with majority vote-derived ground-truth labels. RESULTS: We analysed 17 126 NFC images derived from 234 EUSTAR and 55 VEDOSS patients. The ViT had good performance in identifying the various microangiopathic changes in capillaries by NFC [area under the curve (AUC) from 81.8% to 84.5%]. In the reliability set, the rheumatologists reached a higher average accuracy, as well as a better trade-off between sensitivity and specificity compared with the ViT. However, the annotators' performance was variable, and one out of four rheumatologists showed equal or lower classification measures compared with the ViT. CONCLUSIONS: The ViT is a modern, well-performing and readily available tool for assessing patterns of microangiopathy on NFC images, and it may assist rheumatologists in generating consistent and high-quality NFC reports; however, the final diagnosis of a scleroderma pattern in any individual case needs the judgement of an experienced observer

Vision transformer assisting rheumatologists in screening for capillaroscopy changes in systemic sclerosis: an artificial intelligence model.

OBJECTIVES The first objective of this study was to implement and assess the performance and reliability of a vision transformer (ViT)-based deep-learning model, an 'off-the-shelf' artificial intelligence solution, for identifying distinct signs of microangiopathy in nailfold capilloroscopy (NFC) images of patients with SSc. The second objective was to compare the ViT's analysis performance with that of practising rheumatologists. METHODS NFC images of patients prospectively enrolled in our European Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR) and Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis (VEDOSS) local registries were used. The primary outcome investigated was the ViT's classification performance for identifying disease-associated changes (enlarged capillaries, giant capillaries, capillary loss, microhaemorrhages) and the presence of the scleroderma pattern in these images using a cross-fold validation setting. The secondary outcome involved a comparison of the ViT's performance vs that of rheumatologists on a reliability set, consisting of a subset of 464 NFC images with majority vote-derived ground-truth labels. RESULTS We analysed 17 126 NFC images derived from 234 EUSTAR and 55 VEDOSS patients. The ViT had good performance in identifying the various microangiopathic changes in capillaries by NFC [area under the curve (AUC) from 81.8% to 84.5%]. In the reliability set, the rheumatologists reached a higher average accuracy, as well as a better trade-off between sensitivity and specificity compared with the ViT. However, the annotators' performance was variable, and one out of four rheumatologists showed equal or lower classification measures compared with the ViT. CONCLUSIONS The ViT is a modern, well-performing and readily available tool for assessing patterns of microangiopathy on NFC images, and it may assist rheumatologists in generating consistent and high-quality NFC reports; however, the final diagnosis of a scleroderma pattern in any individual case needs the judgement of an experienced observer