“A Documentary of the Imagination” The Use of Reenactments in The Act of Killing

This thesis will provide a formal analysis of Joshua Oppenheimer’s documentary The Act of Killing (2012), by analyzing the different stylistic techniques used in the reenactments such as the cinematography, editing, sound and mise-en-scène, and by analyzing the ways in which these documentary techniques affected the film and the people who committed the crimes. This research also reflects the way in which reviewers all over the world have related to and received this film. Through different reenactments and a unique filming method, Oppenheimer challenges the executioners of one of the worst world genocides, the massacres of Indonesia in 1965, to recreate their crimes in any ways they wanted to. Indonesia’s government has built a regime of terror founded on the celebration of genocide. The perpetrators were never punished; on the contrary, they are celebrated as heroes and still remain in power. The reenactments in the film became a prison from which the perpetrators could not escape, a mirror that forced both the perpetrators and spectators to see themselves. This thesis will open a discussion about the way reenactments challenge all viewers and on how these documentary techniques can make perpetrators conscious about their crimes. Through documentary history it is possible to see the evolution of the use of reenactments as a documentary technique, from early documentary films through the development of the digital world. The use of reenactments has become one of the leading hybrid forms in documentary. In this context, The Act of Killing (2012) opens the possibility of finding a new approach for exploring and evolving the documentary genre and it contributes to further research about reenactment as a technique in documentary film. Therefore, this analysis tries to reveal how this space was stylistically structured and performed. The study of these topics will be analyzed and contextualized with Bill Nichols’ theory on documentary modes and other relevant theoretical works, as well as with reviews and articles written about the film

The Gap in Noise Test in 11 and 12-year-old children

BACKGROUND: gap detection in 11 and 12-year-old children. AIM: to investigate temporal resolution through the Gap in Noise test in children of 11 and 12 years in order to establish criteria of normal development. METHOD: participants were 92 children, with ages of 11 and 12 years, enrolled in elementary school, with no evidences of otologic, and/or neurologic, and/or cognitive disorders, as well as with no history of learning difficulties or school failure. Participants Besides that, their hearing thresholds were within normal limits and their verbal recognition in the dichotic test of digits was equal or superior to 95% of hits. All were submitted to the Gap in Noise test. The statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric tests with significance level of 0.05 (5%). RESULTS: the average of the gap thresholds was 5.05ms, and the average percentage of correct answers was 71.70%. There was no significant statistical difference between the responses by age (eleven and twelve years), by ear (right and left), by gender (male and female). However, when comparing the tests, it was observed that the 1st test showed a higher percentage of identifications of gap, statistically significant than the 2nd test. CONCLUSION: in 78.27% of the population of this study, the gap thresholds were up to 5ms, response recommended as normality reference for the age group searched.TEMA: a detecção de gap em crianças de 11 e 12 anos. OBJETIVO: verificar o comportamento da resolução temporal, através do teste gap in noise, em crianças de onze e doze anos, a fim de subsidiar o estabelecimento de critérios de referência de normalidade. MÉTODO: participaram 92 crianças, com idades de 11 e 12 anos, matriculadas no ensino fundamental, sem evidências de doenças otológicas e/ou neurológicas e/ou cognitivas, assim como dificuldades de aprendizagem e histórico de repetência escolar. Ainda, apresentavam limiares audiométricos dentro da normalidade e reconhecimento verbal no teste dicótico de dígitos igual ou superior a 95 % de acertos. Todos foram submetidos ao teste gap in noise. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de testes não paramétricos com nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: a média dos limiares de gap foi de 5,05ms e a média da porcentagem de acertos foi de 71,70%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as respostas por faixa etária (onze e doze anos), por orelha (direita e esquerda) e por gênero (masculino e feminino). No entanto, ao se comparar as faixas-testes, observa-se que a primeira faixa-teste apresentou porcentagem maior de identificações de gap, estatisticamente significante em relação à segunda faixa-teste. CONCLUSÃO: em 78,27% da população deste estudo, os limiares de gap obtidos foram de até 5ms, resposta recomendada como referência de normalidade para a faixa etária pesquisada.Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESP Departamento de FonoaudiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de FonoaudiologiaSciEL

Características da estrutura e do desenvolvimento da indústria automobilística no Brasil: um estudo sobre os fatores de competitividade e papel estratégico da tecnologia no setor

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Curso de Ciências Econômicas.O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a evolução do crescimento e desenvolvimento da indústria automobilística no Brasil no período 1950 a 2010, principalmente. Esta é a indústria que projeta, desenvolve, fabrica e vende veículos automotores. Também aborda a característica da indústria pós-crise mundial do ano de 2008, com foco em dois aspectos: os fatores de competitividade e o papel estratégico da tecnologia no setor. O objetivo é analisar as atuais medidas do setor no intuito de tornar-se mais competitivo perante empresas estrangeiras, aumentar a escala de produção e tornar-se uma indústria cada vez mais inovativa e com soluções cada vez mais modernas. Ao final do estudo foi identificado que as medidas atuais, tanto das empresas quanto do governo, rumam para a nacionalização da indústria, para a absorção do aumento do mercado consumidor nacional e para o aumento das exportações do setor

Relationship between data collected during the interview and auditory processing disorder

Purpose the aim of this study was to attempt to correlate data from auditory processing with the data collected during the interview of children and teenagers. Method we analyzed the information from medical records of 51 patients of both genders, ages 5 to 20 years, assisted at the auditory processing evaluation service, UNIFESP. The features observed in the interview were: learning difficulties, presence of depression / motivation, use of medication, need for psychological treatment or pedagogical, and problems with attention and memory. Results we found 86% of cases with learning difficulties, 43% were receiving psychological treatment or pedagogical, 37% had problems with attention and memory, and 33% were using medication. None of these symptoms, however, could be associated with changes in temporal processing (ordinance and resolution) and recognition of non-verbal sounds in dichotic task (selective attention). Conclusion it is necessary to produce new studies to discuss the emotional and social issues received during the interview that possibly are related to auditory processing disorders and learning difficulties.Objetivo o objetivo deste trabalho foi tentar relacionar dados da avaliação do processamento auditivo com os dados coletados na anamnese de crianças, adolescentes e jovens. Método foram analisadas as informações dos prontuários de 51 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 5 a 20 anos, atendidos no Serviço de Avaliação do Processamento Auditivo, da UNIESP. Os aspectos observados na anamnese foram: dificuldades escolares, presença de depressão/desmotivação, uso de medicamentos, necessidade de acompanhamento psicológico ou psicopedagógico, e problemas de atenção e memória. Resultados foram encontrados 86% dos casos com dificuldades escolares, 43% faziam acompanhamento psicológico ou psicopedagógico, 37% apresentavam problemas de atenção e memória, e 33% faziam uso de medicamentos. Nenhum desses sintomas, porém, puderam ser associados com alterações no processamento temporal (ordenação e resolução) e reconhecimento de sons não verbais sobrepostos em escuta dicótica (atenção seletiva). Conclusão é necessária a produção de novos estudos que possam discutir as questões emocionais e sociais recebidas na anamnese que, eventualmente, estão relacionadas aos distúrbios do processamento auditivo e queixas de dificuldades escolares.CFFaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal FluminenseUNIFESPSciEL

Update on the fluorometric measurement of enzymatic activities for Lysosomal Storage Disorder detection: The example of MPS VI

Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSD) are rare diseases that as a whole havea combined incidence ranging from 1:1500 to 1:7000 live births. One of suchdiseases is Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI), or Maroteaux Lamy Syndrome.MPS VI patients undergo devastating and irreversible skeletal alterations andmultisystemic failure as from early childhood due to reduced Arylsulfatse B(ARSB) enzyme activity.Reaching a final diagnosis is not always a short cut path, but rather a yearslongbattle against uncertainty and unnecessary medical interventions. Ouraim is to contribute from the bench table with different approaches that couldserve as alternatives to pre-existing assays for screening and diagnosing MPSVI and other LSD.The present work is based on our research article authored by Franco etal.1 where we studied the effect of blood-derived hemoglobin, and other bloodcomponents, on the fluorescence of 4-Methylumbelliferone when measuringARSB enzyme activity from dried blood spot (DBS) samples.Our experience indicates that to date there are plenty of differentapproaches for measuring ARSB enzyme activity, although the sample typerequired or the assay in itself often make them more adaptable for either highthroughput screening or small scale diagnostics.As a whole, the fluorometric determinations seem to be the mostaccessible to low budget laboratories with equally valuable performancesas a sophisticated mass spectrometry analysis for this disease. Furthermore,the DBS serves as an attractive sample type for screening the disease in largepopulations.Fil: Franco, Paula Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas ; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; ArgentinaFil: Adamo, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas ; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; ArgentinaFil: Mathieu, Patricia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas ; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Maria Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas ; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; ArgentinaFil: Setton, Clara Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas ; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; ArgentinaFil: Silvestroff, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas ; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; Argentin

MAINTENANCE OF THE BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon striatus (PERCIFOMES: CHAETODONTIDAE) IN A RECIRCULATION SYSTEM

The hight extractivism of marine fish to supply the demand of the aquarium market has worried the researchers and, in this context,, the aquaculture consists of an alternative to the problem. The family Chaetodontidae represents one of the main families of ornamental marine fish and has not received enough attention on their cultivation research. Considering the absence of this information about the butterflyfish Chaetodon striatus, the present work had the objective of obtaining information about the species in captivity. The fishes were kept in tanks of 100, 200, 300 and 1,000 L, with 6 fishes in each tank, with 3 repetitions for each volume, totaling 72 individuals and were observed for 30 days, being offered living small invertebrates and frozen and fresh mussels for the feeding. Also, for the attempt of reproduction in captivity, two couples, collected directly from the sea, with the entry of only two adults in the trap at a time, were used. Each couple was acclimated in a 100 L tank and we observed their behaviors for 8 hours a day. There was no mortality in tanks of 300 and 1,000 L and, for feeding, small invertebrates and fresh mussels were well accepted. Some behaviors were observed, most of which were already described for chaetodontids. This is the first report of C. striatus in captivity and this contribution may provide subsidies for a future technologi­cal package

Centro educativo-comunitario Túpac Amaru II en el distrito de Florencia de Mora, Provincia de Trujillo, departamento de la Libertad

El proyecto está orientado a mejorar el servicio educativo que se brinda en el distrito de Florencia de Mora, el distrito con el mayor porcentaje de colegios en mal estado de la provincia de Trujillo, interviniendo en la Institución Educativa Túpac Amaru II la cual, 55 años después de su fundación, presenta un déficit tanto en la oferta como en la calidad de su infraestructura. Se plantea una tipología multifuncional de carácter educativo y cultural, la cual consta de un Centro Educativo de nivel Inicial, Primaria y Secundaria, complementado con Talleres Técnico-Productivos para el nivel Secundaria, Biblioteca y Salón de Usos Múltiples, contando además con ambientes administrativos, y de servicios generales. Frente a la problemática de un colegio con aulas que no son suficientes ni óptimas para la demanda estudiantil, espacios exteriores que carecen de diseño, y un colegio desligado de su contexto, el diseño propone repensar el aula, el patio y la ciudad como elementos que se complementan y se refuerzan, a través de tres enfoques: flexibilizar los espacios educativos, diversificar los espacios exteriores a partir de las necesidades de los estudiantes, e integrar el colegio con su entorno, involucrando a la comunidad y dinamizando el espacio urbano.The project is aimed at improving the educational service provided in Florencia de Mora, the district with the highest percentage of schools in poor condition in the province of Trujillo, intervening in the Túpac Amaru II School which, 55 years after its foundation, presents a deficit in both the supply and quality of its infrastructure. A multifunctional typology of an educational and cultural nature is proposed, which consists of an Educational Center for the Initial, Primary and Secondary level, complemented by technical-productive workshops for the secondary level, Library and Multipurpose Room, also having administrative environments. and general services. Faced with the problem of a school with classrooms that are neither sufficient nor optimal for student demand, exterior spaces that lack design, and a school detached from its context, the design proposes rethinking the classroom, the playground and the city as elements that complement and reinforce each other through three approaches: making educational spaces more flexible, diversifying outdoor spaces based on the needs of the students, and integrating the school with its environment, involving the community and energizing the urban space.Tesi

Increased brain radioactivity by intranasal 32P-labeled siRNA dendriplexes within in situ-forming mucoadhesive gels

Ana Paula Perez1, Cecilia Mundiña-Weilenmann2, Eder Lilia Romero1, Maria Jose Morilla11Programa de Nanomedicinas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, 2Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, ArgentinaBackground: Molecules taken up by olfactory and trigeminal nerve neurons directly access the brain by the nose-to-brain pathway. In situ-forming mucoadhesive gels would increase the residence time of intranasal material, favoring the nose-to-brain delivery. In this first approach, brain radioactivity after intranasal administration of 32P-small interference RNA (siRNA) complexed with poly(amidoamine) G7 dendrimers (siRNA dendriplexes) within in situ-forming mucoadhesive gels, was determined.Materials: 32P-siRNA dendriplexes were incorporated into in situ-forming mucoadhesive gels prepared by blending thermosensitive poloxamer (23% w/w) with mucoadhesive chitosan (1% w/w, PxChi) or carbopol (0.25% w/w, PxBCP). Rheological properties, radiolabel release profile, and local toxicity in rat nasal mucosa were determined. The best-suited formulation was intranasally administered to rats, and blood absorption and brain distribution of radioactivity were measured.Results: The gelation temperature of both formulations was 23°C. The PxChi liquid showed non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior of high consistency and difficult manipulation, and the gel retained 100% of radiolabel after 150 minutes. The PxCBP liquid showed a Newtonian behavior of low viscosity and easy manipulation, while in the gel phase showed apparent viscosity similar to that of the mucus but higher than that of aqueous solution. The gel released 35% of radiolabel and the released material showed silencing activity in vitro. Three intranasal doses of dendriplexes in PxCBP gel did not damage the rat nasal mucosa. A combination of 32P-siRNA complexation with dendrimers, incorporation of the dendriplexes into PxCBP gel, and administration of two intranasal doses was necessary to achieve higher brain radioactivity than that achieved by intravenous dendriplexes or intranasal naked siRNA.Conclusion: The increased radioactivity within the olfactory bulb suggested that the combination above mentioned favored the mediation of a direct brain delivery.Keywords: nucleic acids, gel, dendrimers, mucosa, olfactory bul

Uptake and intracellular traffic of siRNA dendriplexes in glioblastoma cells and macrophages

Gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising new approach for glioblastoma. The endocytic uptake and delivery of siRNA to intracellular compartments could be enhanced by complexation with polyamidoamine dendrimers.In the present work, the uptake mechanisms and intracellular traffic of siRNA/generation 7 dendrimer complexes (siRNA dendriplexes) were screened in T98G glioblastoma and J774 macrophages. Methods: The effect of a set of chemical inhibitors of endocytosis on the uptake and silencing capacity of dendriplexes was determined by flow cytometry. Colocalization of fluorescent dendriplexes with endocytic markers and occurrence of intracellular dissociation were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: Uptake of siRNA dendriplexes by T98G cells was reduced by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, genistein, and cytochalasine D, silencing activity was reduced by genistein; dendriplexes colocalized with cholera toxin subunit B. Therefore, caveolin-dependent endocytosis was involved both in the uptake and silencing activity of siRNA dendriplexes. On the other hand, uptake of siRNA dendriplexes by J774 cells was reduced by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, genistein, chlorpromazine, chloroquine, cytochalasine D, and nocodazole, the silencing activity was not affected by chlorpromazine, genistein or chloroquine, and dendriplexes colocalized with transferrin and cholera toxin subunit B. Thus, both clathrin-dependent and caveolin-dependent endocytosis mediated the uptake and silencing activity of the siRNA dendriplexes. SiRNA dendriplexes were internalized at higher rates by T98G but induced lower silencing than in J774 cells. SiRNA dendriplexes showed relatively slow dissociation kinetics, and their escape towards the cytosol was not mediated by acidification independently of the uptake pathway. Conclusion: The extent of cellular uptake of siRNA dendriplexes was inversely related to their silencing activity. The higher silencing activity of siRNA dendriplexes in J774 cells could be ascribed to the contribution of clathrin-dependent and caveolin-dependent endocytosis vs only caveolin-dependent endocytosis in T98G cells.Fil: Perez, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Cosaka, María Luz. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Eder Lilia. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Morilla, María José. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin