Amphibiomorphic modeled and painted pottery from argentine patagonia and Central-Southern Chile. Functional interpretation and identification of species based on mimetic and aposematic traits

This work aims to identify attributes or features related to endemic amphibians in modeled and painted pottery from central-southern Chile and north-western Argentina. From this work, we were able to identify four species of amphibians represented in certain types of modeled and painted pottery, and we also complemented this data with modern references and ethnohistorical chronicles of the potential use given to this pottery in particular. This contribution postulates that some elements of the black-onred pottery of the Early Ceramic Period of Araucaniá in central-southern Chile and of Patagonia in northwestern Argentina, seek to highlight amphibiomorphic characteristics such as exophthalmia (protruding eyes) and aposematism (brilliant coloring and brightness of the vessel by using an engobe decoration). Based on the ethnohistorical data of the area, it is also proposed that these vessels could be linked to the exclusive use of highly toxic substances. Finally, the results allowed us to explore the close ecological interaction between human groups and woodlands.Fil: Perez, Alberto Enrique. Universidad Católica de Temuco; ChileFil: Schuster, Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; ArgentinaFil: Jofré, Daniella P.. Universidad Católica de Temuco; Chil

First Record of Gevuina avellana Molina in Argentine Patagonia

Se presenta el primer registro de nueces de Gevuina avellana en la Patagonia argentina a partir de su identificación estratigráfica en el sitio Cueva Parque Diana (900 años AP). La identificación de Gevuina avellana amplía el espectro de recursos alimenticios de origen vegetal conocidos para las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras de la Patagonia, al incorporar y valorizar los recursos estacionalmente abundantes de los bosques templados de ambas vertientes cordilleranas, fortaleciendo la propuesta de estrategias adaptativas boscosas que interactúan de forma eficiente con el ambiente y sus recursos en tiempos alfareros.he first record of Gevuina avellana nuts in Argentine Patagonia is presented after its stratigraphic identification at the Cueva Parque Diana site (900 BP). The identification of Gevuina avellana broadens the spectrum of food resources of plant origin known to the hunting and gathering societies of Patagonia, who incorporated and valued the seasonally abundant resources of the temperate forests of both mountain ranges. This gives weight to the idea that people living during times of pottery production had adaptive strategies for interacting in an efficient way with the forest environment and its resourcesFil: Perez, Alberto Enrique. Universidad Catolica de Temuco.; ChileFil: Aguirre, María Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Laboratorio de Geoarqueología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentin

First portable X ray fluorescence analysis of rock art in patagonia Argentina

En este trabajo se presentan por primera vez en Patagonia argentina, los estudios realizados in situ con un equipo portátil de fluorescencia de rayos X para identificar la composición pigmentaria de pinturas rupestres. Se estudiaron cinco sitios arqueológicos con manifestaciones rupestres de la localidad Las Chapas (Chubut) que se caracterizan por representar motivos geométricos y abstractos habitualmente monocromáticos. Las pinturas se presentan en ocasiones muy desvaídas y/o con un espesor muy delgado, motivo por el cual, no han podido ser implementados otros análisis a la fecha. Los resultados obtenidos son orientativos y requieren de técnicas complementarias, no obstante, en las pinturas rojas y amarillas bien conservadas se destaca la participación de minerales de Fe como materia pigmentaria que fueron interpretados como hematita e hidróxidos de hierro respectivamente. En la elaboración del color blanco se presume la utilización de yeso debido a la presencia de S y Ca en las lecturas. Complementariamente se dan a conocer potenciales fuentes primaria de materias primas pigmentarias de color negro y amarillo.The first results of portable in situ XRF analysis performed in rock art in the Argentinean Patagonia, with the aim of determine the pigments of the paintings, are presented in this work. Five archaeological sites with rock art in Las Chapas, Chubut, were studied. The paintings are characterized by red monochrome geometric and abstract motifs. As the paintings are very deteriorated or in very thin layers no other technique could be applied to study them before. The results are only indicative and they require additional techniques to determine mineral pigments, however in the well preserved red and yellow paintings, the color is attributed to the presence of minerals with Fe, like hematite or limonite respectively. Additionally, potentially primary sources of black and yellow pigments are given to know for the first time.Fil: Massaferro, Gabriela Isabel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Schuster, Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Alberto Enrique. Universidad Católica de Temuco; Chil

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction using stable isotopes and trace elements from archaeological freshwater bivalve shell fragments in Northwest Patagonia, Argentina

Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes (18O and 13C) and the trace elements, manganese (Mn) and strontium (Sr) were analyzed in archaeological bivalve (Diplodon chilensis) shell fragments recovered from Parque Diana Cave, Patagonia, Argentina, to analyze the temporal trends of human occupation of the North Patagonia forest with climatic conditions recorded at regional scale but poorly known at local scale for this site. We established a stratigraphic sequence of thirteen 10 cm thick layers spanning the period c. 2370 BP to c. 580 BP and grouped these layers into three cultural components.According to this region´s climate, with rain and snow concentrated in winter and dry summers, our data suggest that these components are contemporary with three climatic periods. A dry period indicated by high values of δ18Oshell, δ13Cshell and Sr/Ca ratio (Mn/Ca ratio does not show any significant trend), in the Lower component is associated with brief incursions of hunter-gatherers from the eastern steppe. In the Middle component, low δ18Oshell, δ13Cshell and Sr/Ca ratios, suggest a humid climate with increased supply of meteoric and/or melt-water along with terrestrial plants organic matter and soil carbonates to the river. According to the archaeological evidence, in this period, hunter gatherers from the Pacific coast and forest started to colonize the area across the Andes cordillera. At the beginning of the Upper component, which is mostly contemporary with the expression of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA), the proxies are not totally coincident but a tendency to progressively drier conditions could be inferred. Except for layer 4 for δ18Oshell and layer 5 for Sr/Ca ratio, δ18Oshell, δ13Cshell and Sr/Ca ratio show consistently high levels in the Upper than in the Middle component. In layer 5, δ18Oshell and δ13Cshell are elevated with respect to the Middle component while Sr/Ca ratio remains low. In layer 4, δ13Cshell and Sr/Ca ratio are high while δ18Oshell shows a negative peak. In layers 3 to 1, δ18Oshell, δ13Cshell and Sr/Ca ratio remain at high levels, indicating an arid-warm climate with high aquatic plant productivity, in coincidence with the expression of the MCA reported for this region in a partially contemporaneous period (1080?1250 AD). At this time, the occupation of the site by groups of the same origin as those present in the Middle component became permanent. Extensive and intensive use of local resources in this period can be inferred from the quality and quantity of artifacts recovered.Fil: Perez, Alberto Enrique. Universidad Católica de Temuco; ChileFil: Batres, Daniel Alejandro. Universidad Católica de Temuco; ChileFil: Rocchetta, Iara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Eppis, María. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Bianchini, María Laura. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Luquet, Carlos Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

Hydrogen bonding interactions in fluorinated 1,2,3-triazole derivatives

The study of the intra- and intermolecular interactions in the solid state of four related fluorine-containing 1,2,3-triazole derivatives (1: R = -H,2: R = -NO2,3: R = -CH3,4: R = -Cl) was carried out using quantum chemical calculations, vibrational (IR and Raman) and solid phase UV-vis spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The enol-keto/keto-enol tautomerism on theo-hydroxyacetophenone moiety was analyzed in terms of the synergy between O-H⋯O intramolecular hydrogen bond strengthening and the enhancement of π delocalization within the pseudo ring. The preference of the enol-keto form was attributed to the aromatic stabilization energy. The proton in the triazole ring was located on the intermediate nitrogen atom, with no evidence of prototropy in the studied series. Compounds1and4have similar structural motifs with N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connecting amino and carbonyl groups of neighboring molecules in a chain along thea-axis. For2, it was found that both oxygen atoms of the nitro substituent participate as acceptors, connecting adjacent molecules by hydrogen bonds through the N-H and O-H groups. In compound3, the crystallization water molecule dominates the hydrogen bonding interactions, which associates three molecules of3, giving rise to a three-dimensional H-bonding network. These intra and intermolecular interactions, which affect the absorption band locations of the involved groups, were also detected in the vibrational spectra of the studied triazoles.Fil: Espitia Cogollo, Edeimis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Piro, Oscar Enrique. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Echeverría, Gustavo Alberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Tuttolomondo, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Hiram. Universidad de La Habana; CubaFil: Jios, Jorge Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Ulic, Sonia Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentin

Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, spectroscopic and biological studies on sulfamethazine and sulfaquinoxaline ternary complexes with 2,2′-biquinoline

Three ternary complexes of sulfaquinoxaline (SQO-4-amino-N-2-quinoxalinylbenzenesulfonamide) or sulfamethazine (SMT-4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide) with Cu(ii) or Ni(ii) and 2,2′-biquinoline (BQ) as an auxiliary ligand have been studied. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography as Ni(SQO)2(BQ)·2H2O (I), Cu(SQO)(BQ)Cl·CH3OH (II) and Cu(SMT)(BQ)Cl (III). Compounds I and II crystallize in the triclinic space group P1 while complex III crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group. The crystal lattice of all complexes is stabilized by the presence of diverse intermolecular interactions as verified by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Besides, electronic spectroscopies have also been used to characterize the compounds. The thermal behavior of the complexes was investigated by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of the compounds has been tested against A549 (lung cancer) and MG-63 (human osteosarcoma) cell lines using the MTT methodology.Fil: Villa Perez, Cristian. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cadavid Vargas, Juan Fernando. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Di Virgilio, Ana Laura. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Echeverría, Gustavo Alberto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Camí, Gerardo Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Soria, Delia Beatriz. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentin