The Evolutionary Radiation of Hominids: a Phylogenetic Comparative Study

Over the last 150 years the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the hominoids have been one of the main focuses in biological and anthropological research. Despite this, the study of factors involved in their evolutionary radiation and the origin of the hominin clade, a key subject for the further understanding of human evolution, remained mostly unexplored. Here we quantitatively approach these events using phylogenetic comparative methods and craniofacial morphometric data from extant and fossil hominoid species. Specifically, we explore alternative evolutionary models that allow us to gain new insights into this clade diversification process. Our results show a complex and variable scenario involving different evolutionary regimes through the hominid evolutionary radiation –modeled by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck multi-selective regime and Brownian motion multi-rate scenarios–. These different evolutionary regimes might relate to distinct ecological and cultural factors previously suggested to explain hominid evolution at different evolutionary scales along the last 10 million years.Fil: Rocatti, Guido. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico de Antropología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Sergio Ivan. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico de Antropología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Offshore drilling blowout risk model : an integration of basic causes, safety barriers, risk influencing factors and operational performance indicators

We would like to thank Witt O’Brien’s Brasil and Pemex Exploration and Production for partially sponsoring this work, and most of all: Adriano Ranieri, Greg Fenton, Flavio Andrade, Dr. Faustino Fuentes Nucamendi and Eduardo Zavala Nacer. Thanks also to Mr. Thiago Molina for providing his expertise on latest generation Deepwater MODU's, which enabled to add current and practical aspects to the academic research on kick detection and well control issues.Peer reviewedPostprin

El Método ABN como articulador efectivo de aprendizajes matemáticos en la infancia. Experiencias en profesores y profesoras de ciclo inicial en Chile

Results are presented abut a professional development workshop based on the ABN Method for learning mathematics (N = 27), conducted in Talca, Chile, for Pre-K and Primary in-service teachers (children from 4 to 7 years of age in charge). The workshop is aimed at nursery school teachers and first grade teachers. The ABN Method is based on the significant learning of the decimal number system and on the complete domain of operations and their properties, which are learned and assimilated at the same time by children from the early stages of teaching. The results of the study show that the participation of teachers in the workshop generated significant changes in a set of teachers’ beliefs, as well as a favorable change in the perception regarding the mathematical ability of their students. Finally, teachers report a greater conceptual clarity regarding the sequencing of contents and the purpose of the mathematical activities they perform in the classroom. The results and implications of this workshop are discusse

Evaluación de patologías del concreto y el índice de condición del pavimento rígido en el Jirón Sol-Distrito De Ayacucho-Huamanga-2022.

El actual proyecto de investigación de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo básico (descriptivo/correlacional). Se hizo con el propósito de realizar la “Evaluación de patologías del concreto y el índice de condición del pavimento rígido en el Jirón sol-Distrito de Ayacucho-Huamanga-2022”. En mención surge el problema de investigación que es ¿En qué medida se evalúa la incidencia de patologías del concreto que nos proporciona el índice de condición del pavimento rígido en el Jr. Sol, Distrito de Ayacucho-Huamanga2022?. Para esta problemática se planteó como objetivo general: Evaluar la incidencia de patologías del concreto y el índice de condición del pavimento rígido por el método del PCI en el Jr. Sol, Distrito de Ayacucho-Huamanga-2022. La unidad de muestra está concentrada en el Jirón Sol: 1ra, 3ra, 4ta, 5ta y sexta cuadra del distrito de Ayacucho, al realizar la recolección de datos se utilizaron fichas de evaluación según el PCI, cámaras fotográficas, cálculos estadísticos, de esta manera se pudo obtener el índice de condición según el PCI donde arroga una condición muy mala con un PCI =18.30 indicando o proponiendo una etapa de un nuevo proyecto de estudio en el Jirón SolAyacucho-Huamanga-2022.Tesi

Assessing the influence of visual-taste congruency on perceived sweetness and product liking in immersive VR

This study was designed to assess whether the combined effect of taste-congruent and incongruent extrinsic visual cues presented in virtual reality (VR) influences the perception of sweetness and product liking. Three VR environments (sweet-congruent, sweet-incongruent, and neutral) were created based on the evidence in existing literature. Participants tasted the same beverage in three VR environments and evaluated the environment and beverage liking, as well as perceived taste intensity (sweetness, sourness, and bitterness), congruency, comfort, and environment vividness. Frontal EEG alpha asymmetry (FAA) was also recorded as a complementary physiological measurement of overall liking. The results showed that the perceived sweetness of the beverage was significantly elevated in a sweet-congruent environment versus the other environments. Visual-taste congruency did not seem to have an effect on beverage liking and overall liking, whereas an increase in environment liking was found in the incongruent environment versus the other environments. These findings confirmed the significant influence of taste-specific visual cues on flavour perception, while the successful use of VR in the study provided insight into future applications of taste-specific VR environment in the modulation of flavour perception and sugar reduction

Factors Associated With Within-Herd Transmission of Serotype A Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle, During the 2001 Outbreak in Argentina: A Protective Effect of Vaccination

Argentina suffered an extensive foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic between July 2000 and January 2002, 3months after obtaining the official FMD-free without vaccination status conferred by the World Organization for Animal Health. This is one of the largest FMD epidemics controlled by implementation of a systematic mass vaccination campaign in an FMD-free country. In 2000, 124 herds were reported as FMD positive, 2394 herds in 2001 and one in January 2002; the total number of cattle herds in the country at that time was approximately 230000. Estimates of FMD transmission are important to understand the dynamics of disease spread and for estimating the value for the parameterization of disease transmission models, with the ultimate goals of predicting its spread, assessing and designing control strategies, conducting economic analyses and supporting the decision-making process. In this study, the within-herd coefficient of transmission, β, was computed for herds affected in the 2001 FMD epidemic and categorized as low or high based on the median value of β. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors significantly associated with high values of β. Results suggested that the odds of having a high within-herd transmission were significantly associated with time from initial herd infection to disease detection, date of report, vaccination, and time from initial herd infection to herd vaccination. Results presented in this study demonstrate, in quantifiable terms, the protective impact of vaccination in reducing FMD transmission in infected herds. These results will be useful for the parameterization of epidemiological models aimed at quantifying the impact of vaccination and for the design and implementation of FMD emergency vaccination strategies in face of an epidemic.Fil: Brito, B. P.. University of California at Davis; Estados Unidos. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Andres Maximiliano. University of California at Davis; Estados Unidos. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cosentino, B.. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimento. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, L. L.. No especifíca;Fil: König, Guido Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentin

El Método ABN como articulador efectivo de aprendizajes matemáticos en la infancia: experiencias en profesores y profesoras de ciclo inicial en Chile

Results are presented abut a professional development workshop based on the ABN Method for learning mathematics (N = 27), conducted in Talca, Chile, for Pre-K and Primary in-service teachers (children from 4 to 7 years of age in charge). The workshop is aimed at nursery school teachers and first grade teachers. The ABN Method is based on the significant learning of the decimal number system and on the complete domain of operations and their properties, which are learned and assimilated at the same time by children from the early stages of teaching. The results of the study show that the participation of teachers in the workshop generated significant changes in a set of teachers’ beliefs, as well as a favorable change in the perception regarding the mathematical ability of their students. Finally, teachers report a greater conceptual clarity regarding the sequencing of contents and the purpose of the mathematical activities they perform in the classroom. The results and implications of this workshop are discussed

Green roofs : contribution of Carpobrotus Acinaciformis to the integrated management of urban surface runoff

En el marco de la modelización matemática de las cuencas hídricas urbanas, uno de los parámetros que es necesario conocer, son los factores en la cuenca que pueden modificar la escorrentía superficial. Las Cubiertas Naturadas pueden (a partir de su capacidad de retención y retardo de los escurrimientos originados por las precipitaciones), modificar la escorrentía superficial. Pero en qué medida pueden hacerlo, dependerá de la respuesta de dichas estructuras vegetadas a la cantidad precipitada y esta respuesta será diferente según el tipo de cubierta utilizada (básicamente espesor del sustrato y tipo de vegetación). Por eso en los modelos matemáticos de simulación, la modelización será más precisa en función de la precisión de los datos fuentes utilizados en la misma. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido determinar la capacidad de retención que presentan las cubiertas naturadas de tipo extensivo e intensivo implantadas con Carpobrotus acinaciformis. Los resultados obtenidos permitirían afirmar, para las condiciones estudiadas, que el Carpobrutus acinaciformis, puede realizar un aporte a la disminución de los escurrimientos urbanos para ciudades ubicadas en la costa bonaerense como la de este trabajo.In the mathematical modeling of urban watershed, the parameters that are necessary to know, are the factors of the basin that can modify the surface runoff. The green roofs can modify (from its capacity of retention and delay the water flow originated by the rainfalls), the superficial run-off. But the magnitude that they can do it, will depend on the response of the above mentioned green roofs to the rainfalls, and this response will be different according to the type of green roof (basically substrate thickness and type of vegetation). Because of it, in the mathematical simulation models, the modeling will be more precise depending on the precision of the information sources used. The aim of this work has been to determine the capacity of retention that present green roof, extensive and intensive, planted with Carpobrotus acinaciformis. The results would allow affirming, for the studied conditions, that the Carpobrutus acinaciformis, can realize a contribution to the decrease of the urban runoffs for cities located in the Buenos Aires coast as that of this work.Fil: Villalba, Gustavo Ariel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería AgrícolaFil: Rosatto, Héctor Gustavo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería AgrícolaFil: Bienvenido, Fernando. Universidad de AlmeríaFil: Flores-Parra, Isabel María. Universidad de AlmeríaFil: Botta, Guido Fernando. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería AgrícolaFil: Laureda, Daniel Andrés. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería AgrícolaFil: Perez, Damián Andrés. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícol

Spatial and socioeconomic inequalities in the access to safe drinking water in Peruvian households

"Access to safe drinking water has increased in Peru over the last decades, from 47% (2008) to 52% (2018). Nevertheless, such access would differ according to socioeconomic and regional factors. Thus, this study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequality in the access to safe drinking water and identify its spatial distribution. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the secondary data analysis of the 2021 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey. Access to safe drinking water was a dummy variable categorised as safe if the residual chlorine concentration was 0.5 mg/L. Nationwide, 29.22% of households had access to safe drinking water. A pro-rich inequality in access to safe drinking water was observed. The spatial distribution was clustered. Significant hotspots were found in the south and centre of the country; however, cold spots were found in most areas. SaTScan analysis identified 32 and 63 significant clusters at high and low risks of having access to safe drinking water, respectively. In conclusion, approximately one out of four Peruvian households has access to safe drinking water, which was mostly concentrated among the wealthier households. Intra- and interdepartmental inequalities in access to safe drinking water were found, with several high-risk clusters.