New Format of the Final State Examination at Bachelor Graduates in the Field of «Pedagogical Education»

The purpose of this study is to build a model of fund tasks aimed at assessing general professional and universal competencies of bachelor's graduates studying in the field of training «Pedagogical education» at the stage of preparation and conduct of the final state exam. Systemic, action-oriented, competency-based and contextual approaches were used as methodological guidelines in the development of fundraising tasks. The authors defined the notions of "fund task", "key actions" and highlighted the types of fund tasks, justified the need to change the form and content of evaluation tools used in the preparation and conduct of the final state exam

New Format of the Final State Examination at Bachelor Graduates in the Field of «Pedagogical Education»

The purpose of this study is to build a model of fund tasks aimed at assessing general professional and universal competencies of bachelor's graduates studying in the field of training «Pedagogical education» at the stage of preparation and conduct of the final state exam. Systemic, action-oriented, competency-based and contextual approaches were used as methodological guidelines in the development of fundraising tasks. The authors defined the notions of "fund task", "key actions" and highlighted the types of fund tasks, justified the need to change the form and content of evaluation tools used in the preparation and conduct of the final state exam.El propósito de este estudio es construir un modelo de tareas de fondos destinadas a evaluar las competencias profesionales y universales generales de los graduados de licenciatura que estudian en el campo de la formación «Educación pedagógica» en la etapa de preparación y realización del examen estatal final. Se utilizaron enfoques sistémicos, orientados a la acción, basados en competencias y contextuales como pautas metodológicas en el desarrollo de tareas de recaudación de fondos. Los autores definieron las nociones de "tarea de fondos", "acciones clave" y destacaron los tipos de tareas de fondos, justificaron la necesidad de cambiar la forma y el contenido de las herramientas de evaluación utilizadas en la preparación y realización del examen estatal final

The determination and analysis of site-specific rates of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely implicated in physiological and pathological pathways. We propose that it is critical to understand the specific sites of mitochondrial ROS production and their mechanisms of action. Mitochondria possess at least eight distinct sites of ROS production in the electron transport chain and matrix compartment. In this chapter, we describe the nature of the mitochondrial ROS-producing machinery and the relative capacities of each site. We provide detailed methods for the measurement of H(2)O(2) release and the conditions under which maximal rates from each site can be achieved in intact skeletal muscle mitochondria