Antioxidant defence parameters in tissues of some species of freshwater fish from the Gruža reservoir

Ribe mogu direktno da budu izložene toksinima cijanobakterija i zato su veoma dobri modeli za proučavanje uticaja cijanotoksina na ćelijski antioksidacioni sistem zaštite. Postoji mnogo informacija o biohemijskim i ultrastrukturnim promenama u različitim tkivima riba nakon izlaganja cijanotoksinima u laboratorijskim uslovima, ali su podaci o dejstvu cvetanja cijanobakterija u prirodnim uslovima veoma retki. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je da se istraži uticaj cvetanja cijanobakterija u akumulacionom jezeru Gruža na parametre antioksidacione zaštite u jetri, škrgama i mišiću kod slatkovodnih vrsta riba Rutilus rutilus (bodorka), Blicca bjoerkna (blika), Carassius gibelio (babuška) i Perca fluviatilis (grgeč). Određivani su aktivnost enzima antioksidacione zaštite: ukupne, mangan i bakar cink sadržavajuće superoksiddismutaze (Uk SOD, Mn SOD, CuZn SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), katalaze (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), glutation-peroksidaze (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9), glutation-reduktaze (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) i enzima faze II biotransformacije glutation-S-transferaze (GST, EC 2.5.1.18), kao i koncentracija ukupnog glutationa (GSH) i sulfhidrilnih (SH) grupa. Histopatološka analiza jetre riba proučavana je na nivou svetlosne i elektronske mikroskopije. Svi ispitivani parametri mereni su pre i tokom cvetanja cijanobakterija... Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da cvetanje cijanobakterija indukuje odgovor na oksidacioni stres u ispitivanim tkivima riba i dovodi do ultrastrukturnih promena u jetri. Rezultati ove doktorske disertacije predstavljaju prvi izveštaj o uticaju cvetanja cijanobakterija u akumulacionom jezeru Gruža na parametre antioksidacione zaštite (aktivnost SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR i enzima faze II biotransformacije GST, kao i koncentraciju GSH i SH grupa) u jetri, škrgama i mišiću slatkovodnih riba Rutilus rutilus, Blicca bjoerkna, Carassius gibelio i Perca fluviatilis. Biomonitoring antioksidacionih biomarkera u tkivima riba može da posluži kao rani upozoravajući signal koji ukazuje na oštećenja ćelija usled izloženosti cijanotoksinima u slatkovodnim ekosistemima. Ova disertacija pruža veliki doprinos na polju ekofiziologije akvatičnih organizama.Since fish can be directly exposed to cyanobacterial toxins, they are very good models to study the influence of cyanotoxins on the cellular antioxidant defence system. There is much information on biochemical and ultrastructural alterations in different fish tissues after exposure to cyanotoxins under laboratory conditions, however, data on the effects of cyanobacterial blooms in natural conditions are very scarce. The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to investigate the influence of the cyanobacterial bloom in the Gruža Reservoir on the antioxidant defence parameters in the liver, gills and muscle of freshwater fish Rutilus rutilus (roach), Blicca bjoerkna (white bream), Carassius gibelio (prussian carp) and Perca fluviatilis (European perch). The activity of antioxidant defence enzymes: total, manganese and copper zinc containing superoxide dismutases (Tot SOD, Mn SOD, CuZn SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and the biotransformation phase II enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18), as well as the concentrations of total glutathione (GSH) and sulphydryl (SH) groups were determined. Histopathological examination of fish liver was performed by light and electron microscopy. All investigated parameters were measured before and during cyanobacterial bloom... The presented results show that the cyanobacterial bloom-induced response to oxidative stress caused ultrastructural alterations in the liver. The results of this doctoral dissertation are a first report on the influence of the cyanobacterial bloom in the Gruža Reservoir on antioxidant defence parameters (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR and biotransformation phase II enzyme GST activities, as well as concentrations of GSH and SH groups) in the liver, gills and muscle of freshwater fish Rutilus rutilus, Blicca bjoerkna, Carassius gibelio and Perca fluviatilis. Biomonitoring of antioxidant biomarkers in fish tissue could serve as an early warning signal of cellular damage resulting from exposure to cyanotoxins in freshwater ecosystems. This dissertation is an important contribution in the field of ecophysiology of aquatic organisms

Concentration of antioxidant compounds and lipid peroxidation in the liver and white muscle of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) in the Adriatic sea

Specimens of a marine freshwater fish - hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) - were collected at the localities of Platamuni and Valdanos (Montenegro, South Adriatic) in the spring of 2003. Our results showed higher concentrations of LPO, Vit C, and Vit E in the liver in comparison with white muscle. The concentration of LPOin both tissues was higher, while that of Vit E was lower at Valdanos compared to Platamuni. These differences in parameters of oxidative stress are partly due to differences in temperature and the concentrations of nitrites, nitrates, and detergents in the waters of Valdanos compared to Platamuni.Tokom 2003. godine uzorkovane su jedinke morske ribe - oslića (Merluccius merluccius L.) iz voda sa lokaliteta Platamuni i Valdanos (Crna Gora, južni Jadran) u prolećnom periodu. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali veće koncentracije LP, Vit Ci Vit E u jetri oslića u odnosu na belo mišićno tkivo. Koncentracija LP je bila veća, a Vit E manja u oba ispitivana tkiva oslića u vodama lokaliteta Valdanos u poređenju sa Platamuni. Ovakve promene parametara oksidacionog stresa posledica su promena temperature, kao i povećanih koncentracija nitrita, nitrata i deterdženata u vodama lokaliteta Valdanos u odnosu na Platamune.Projekat ministarstva br. 143035

Activity of oxidative stress biomarkers in the white muscle of red mullet (Mullus barbatus L.) from the Adriatic sea

The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of oxidative stress biomarkers (total superoxide dismutase - Tot SOD; and copper and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase - CuZn SOD; manganese-containing superoxide dismutase - Mn SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidase - GSH-Px; and glutathione reductase - GR), as well as the biotransformation phase II enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in the white muscle of red mullet (Mullus barbatus L.) at Platamuni (PL) and Valdanos (VAL) in the Adriatic Sea during the winter and spring seasons. The obtained results show both site and seasonal influences on the investigated parameters, with lower enzyme activities at VAL than at PL and in spring than in winter.Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje aktivnosti biomarkera oksidacionog stresa(ukupne superoksid-dismutaze-Tot SOD, bakar cink sadržavajuće superoksid-dismutaze-CuZn SOD, mangan sadržavajuće superoksid-dismutaze-Mn SOD, katalaze-CAT, glutation-peroksidaze-GSH-Px i glutation-reduktaze-GR) kao i enzimafaze II biotransformacije glutation-S-transferaze (GST) u belom mišiću trlje (Mullus barbatus L.) sa lokaliteta Platamuni i Valdanosu Jadranskom moru (Crna Gora) u zimskoj i prolećnoj sezoni. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju razlike ispitivanih parametara između različitih lokaliteta kao i ispitivanih sezona sa nižim aktivnostima enzima u VAL nego u PL i u proleće u odnosu nazimu.Projekat ministarstva br. 143035

Seasonal changes in oxidative stress biomarkers of the snail Viviparus acerosus from the Velika Morava River, Serbia

The river snail (Viviparus acerosus) from the Velika Morava River, Serbia was chosen in our study in order to determine seasonal changes in oxidative stress biomarkers between July (summer) and September (autumn). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and the phase II biotransformation enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as the concentration of total glutathione (GSH), were examined in the whole body of the river snails. The obtained results show significantly higher activities of CAT, GSH-Px, GR and biotransformation phase II enzyme GST in September compared to July, while the GSH concentration was lower. There was no general trend in the seasonal changes in the activity of SOD. The presented data show that animals in their natural environment are exposed to constant fluctuations of environmental conditions that could cause antioxidants to exhibit seasonal variations. This fact should be considered as an important variable in the interpretation of results in biomonitoring studies.Projekat ministarstva br. 173041 i br. 17302

Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the digestive gland and gills of the freshwater bivalve Unio pictorum from the Sava river

We investigated the potential use of the antioxidant defense enzymes in freshwater mussel (Unio pictorum) as biomarkers of oxidative stress. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), total protein concentration in addition to protein and SOD electrophoretic profiles were examined in the digestive gland and gills of the freshwater bivalve Unio pictorum at two localities on the River Sava. The differences between SOD and CAT activities in examined tissues of freshwater bivalve Unio pictorum reflect dissimilar metabolic and antioxidative activities and this can be the result of both tissue or locality specificities and diverse ecophysiological influences on the organism.Projekat ministarstva br. 173041

Concentration of antioxidant compounds and lipid peroxidation in the liver and white muscle of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) in the Adriatic sea

Specimens of a marine freshwater fish - hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) - were collected at the localities of Platamuni and Valdanos (Montenegro, South Adriatic) in the spring of 2003. Our results showed higher concentrations of LPO, Vit C, and Vit E in the liver in comparison with white muscle. The concentration of LPOin both tissues was higher, while that of Vit E was lower at Valdanos compared to Platamuni. These differences in parameters of oxidative stress are partly due to differences in temperature and the concentrations of nitrites, nitrates, and detergents in the waters of Valdanos compared to Platamuni.Tokom 2003. godine uzorkovane su jedinke morske ribe - oslića (Merluccius merluccius L.) iz voda sa lokaliteta Platamuni i Valdanos (Crna Gora, južni Jadran) u prolećnom periodu. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali veće koncentracije LP, Vit Ci Vit E u jetri oslića u odnosu na belo mišićno tkivo. Koncentracija LP je bila veća, a Vit E manja u oba ispitivana tkiva oslića u vodama lokaliteta Valdanos u poređenju sa Platamuni. Ovakve promene parametara oksidacionog stresa posledica su promena temperature, kao i povećanih koncentracija nitrita, nitrata i deterdženata u vodama lokaliteta Valdanos u odnosu na Platamune.Projekat ministarstva br. 143035

Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in the liver of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in response to cyanobacterial bloom in the Gruža reservoir

We investigated the biochemical and ultrastructural changes in the liver of the freshwater fish, European perch (Perca fluviatilis), in response to Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom in the Gruža Reservoir, Serbia. The activities of total manganese- and copper zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Tot SOD, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and biotransformation phase II enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as concentrations of total glutathione (GSH) and sulfhydryl (-SH) groups were examined before and during the bloom period. Mn-SOD activity was significantly higher, while the activities of Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and the concentration of the -SH groups were significantly lower during the bloom. The ultrastructure of the liver revealed necrotic and apoptotic damage to the hepatocytes during the bloom period. Our work represents the first study to report the influences of an Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom in the Gruža Reservoir on antioxidant biomarkers and on histopathological alterations in the liver of the freshwater fish European perch (Perca fluviatilis).Projekat ministarstva br. 173041 i br. III 4300

Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in the liver of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in response to cyanobacterial bloom in the Gruža reservoir

We investigated the biochemical and ultrastructural changes in the liver of the freshwater fish, European perch (Perca fluviatilis), in response to Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom in the Gruža Reservoir, Serbia. The activities of total manganese- and copper zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Tot SOD, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and biotransformation phase II enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as concentrations of total glutathione (GSH) and sulfhydryl (-SH) groups were examined before and during the bloom period. Mn-SOD activity was significantly higher, while the activities of Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and the concentration of the -SH groups were significantly lower during the bloom. The ultrastructure of the liver revealed necrotic and apoptotic damage to the hepatocytes during the bloom period. Our work represents the first study to report the influences of an Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom in the Gruža Reservoir on antioxidant biomarkers and on histopathological alterations in the liver of the freshwater fish European perch (Perca fluviatilis)

Seasonal changes in oxidative stress biomarkers of the snail Viviparus acerosus from the Velika Morava River, Serbia

The river snail (Viviparus acerosus) from the Velika Morava River, Serbia was chosen in our study in order to determine seasonal changes in oxidative stress biomarkers between July (summer) and September (autumn). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and the phase II biotransformation enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as the concentration of total glutathione (GSH), were examined in the whole body of the river snails. The obtained results show significantly higher activities of CAT, GSH-Px, GR and biotransformation phase II enzyme GST in September compared to July, while the GSH concentration was lower. There was no general trend in the seasonal changes in the activity of SOD. The presented data show that animals in their natural environment are exposed to constant fluctuations of environmental conditions that could cause antioxidants to exhibit seasonal variations. This fact should be considered as an important variable in the interpretation of results in biomonitoring studies.Projekat ministarstva br. 173041 i br. 17302

Activity of oxidative stress biomarkers in the white muscle of red mullet (Mullus barbatus L.) from the Adriatic sea

The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of oxidative stress biomarkers (total superoxide dismutase - Tot SOD; and copper and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase - CuZn SOD; manganese-containing superoxide dismutase - Mn SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidase - GSH-Px; and glutathione reductase - GR), as well as the biotransformation phase II enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in the white muscle of red mullet (Mullus barbatus L.) at Platamuni (PL) and Valdanos (VAL) in the Adriatic Sea during the winter and spring seasons. The obtained results show both site and seasonal influences on the investigated parameters, with lower enzyme activities at VAL than at PL and in spring than in winter.Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje aktivnosti biomarkera oksidacionog stresa(ukupne superoksid-dismutaze-Tot SOD, bakar cink sadržavajuće superoksid-dismutaze-CuZn SOD, mangan sadržavajuće superoksid-dismutaze-Mn SOD, katalaze-CAT, glutation-peroksidaze-GSH-Px i glutation-reduktaze-GR) kao i enzimafaze II biotransformacije glutation-S-transferaze (GST) u belom mišiću trlje (Mullus barbatus L.) sa lokaliteta Platamuni i Valdanosu Jadranskom moru (Crna Gora) u zimskoj i prolećnoj sezoni. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju razlike ispitivanih parametara između različitih lokaliteta kao i ispitivanih sezona sa nižim aktivnostima enzima u VAL nego u PL i u proleće u odnosu nazimu.Projekat ministarstva br. 143035