The National Days in the Bilingual School

Idit Perelmuter, The National Days in the Bilingual School. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 299–333. Adam MickiewiczUniversity Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.14 The bilingual school tends to address both the national days of the Arabs and the national days of the Jews as a part of its multicultural perception. As aforementioned, these days are characterized as tense and complicated days in the school, both for the Arabs and for the Jews, because of the narratives and perceptions that they represent, which sometimes are contradictory and. Nevertheless, it is possible to see that the school addresses the different perceptions and narratives of each culture, with recognition of the difference and uniqueness of each one of them and with reinforcement of the commonalities between them. In this way, it gives hope and encourages the desire for a shared life between Jews and Arabs in Israel, which on the one hand includes the difference and on the other hand broadens the common denominator between the two groups. This article will describe the national days of Arabs and Jews in the bilingual school in Jerusalem. It will focus on the meaning of the days, their complexity, and the ways of coping and implementation in the framework of the school, with reference to the school perception.Idit Perelmuter, The National Days in the Bilingual School. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 299–333. Adam MickiewiczUniversity Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.14 The bilingual school tends to address both the national days of the Arabs and the national days of the Jews as a part of its multicultural perception. As aforementioned, these days are characterized as tense and complicated days in the school, both for the Arabs and for the Jews, because of the narratives and perceptions that they represent, which sometimes are contradictory and. Nevertheless, it is possible to see that the school addresses the different perceptions and narratives of each culture, with recognition of the difference and uniqueness of each one of them and with reinforcement of the commonalities between them. In this way, it gives hope and encourages the desire for a shared life between Jews and Arabs in Israel, which on the one hand includes the difference and on the other hand broadens the common denominator between the two groups. This article will describe the national days of Arabs and Jews in the bilingual school in Jerusalem. It will focus on the meaning of the days, their complexity, and the ways of coping and implementation in the framework of the school, with reference to the school perception

The Anatomy of a Leading Case: \u3cem\u3eLawrence v. Fox\u3c/em\u3e in the Courts, the Casebooks, and the Commentaries

In spite of the wide diversity of training, practice, and location of lawyers throughout the United States, virtually all share one experience: the standard core curriculum of the first year of law school taught by the case method. The extent to which that experience in parsing cases in contracts, torts, and property shapes the American legal mentality is open to debate, but it undeniably has an impact. The first-year experience socializes law students in the culture of the law. During this period, students learn the language of the law and the ways that lawyers think. During this period, too, students absorb certain basic notions about legal analysis and the shape of the legal system, and begin to view the world as common lawyers. Included among these basic notions, the conventional wisdom of basic law training, is the concept of the leading case. This Article explores the notion of the leading case, and places the concept in an historical and jurisprudential framework

El cercamiento global de las semillas: Propiedad intelectual y libre comercio

Desde los años setenta estamos asistiendo un nuevo movimiento de cercamiento, a partir de cual aquello queesencialmente era común y quedaba por fuera del mercado se está convirtiendo rápidamente en una mercancía.Las semillas también se incluyen en ese proceso y el cercamiento de las mismas se da mediante dos tipos demecanismos articulados entre sí y que facilitan su apropiación: el cercamiento agrario y el jurídico.En este artículo me propongo indagar en el cercamiento global de las semillas, con particular hincapié en lasmaneras en que se combinan la propiedad intelectual y el libre comercio; y en las consecuencias que esto tienepara los países de América LatinaSince the seventies we are witnessing a new movement of enclosure from which what was essentially common and was outside the market, is rapidly becoming a commodity. The seeds were not left out of this process and the enclosure of the same occurs through two types of mechanisms articulated with each other and that facilitate their appropriation: the agrarian and legal enclosure. In this article I intend to investigate the global enclosure of seeds, with particular emphasis on the ways in which intellectual property and free trade are articulated; and in the consequences that this has for the countries of Latin America.Fil: Perelmuter, Tamara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Estudios de América Latina y el Caribe; Argentin

Bienes comunes vs. mercancías: Las semillas en disputa. Un análisis sobre del rol de la propiedad intelectual en los actuales procesos de cercamientos

Históricamente las semillas fueron consideradas bienes comunes, ya que desde el surgimiento de la agricultura, las comunidades campesinas e indígenashan recolectado, almacenado, conservado e intercambiado libremente las semillas, manteniendo el control de las mismas. En los últimos años estamos asistiendo a un nuevo movimiento de cercamiento, proceso mediante el cual aquello que esencialmente era común y quedaba por fuera del mercado, se está rápidamente convirtiendo en una mercancía. Las semillas no quedaron fuera de ese proceso y el cercamiento de las mismas se da mediante dos tipos de mecanismos articulados entre sí: los cambios técnicos en las mismas, que facilitan su apropiación, y las transformaciones en el marco jurídico de la propiedad intelectual. Sin embargo, no sólo estamos ante la fuerza avasalladora del capital en su intento por apropiarse de las semillas. En este artículo me propongo analizar las semillas en disputa: los avances concretos en torno a su mercantilización y los sentidos y acciones que los movimientos sociales, sobre todo indígenas y campesinos, le dan en torno a seguir considerándolas bienes comunes.Historically, seeds were considered as commons, becauses since agriculture began, peasants and indigenous communities have collected, kept, conserved, and exchanged seeds freely, keeping their control. In recent years, we see a new kind of enclosure. This process turns everything which is common, and keeps outside the market, into a commodity. Seeds are not out of this, and their enclosure is given by two articulated mechanisms: technical changes in seeds, which allows their appropriation, and changes in legal frameworks of intellectual property. Although that, we are not confronting the overwhelming force of capital trying to appropriate seeds. In the paper I try to analize the seeds dispute. On one hand, the concrete advances in its commodification. On the other, senses and actions of social movements, especially indigenous and peasants, trying to consider them as commons.Fil: Perelmuter, Tamara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentin

Appropriation of seeds: food and technological sovereignty at risk

Desde mediados del siglo veinte dos hechos impactaron decisivamente en la producción y comercialización de semillas: la aparición de las semillas híbridas, y la expansión de las biotecnologías aplicadas al agro, que condujo a un salto en la privatización del conocimiento. Las semillas adquirieron así un interés estratégico en el desarrollo de la agricultura global. En este trabajo se analizan estos procesos en Argentina y se discuten diversos dispositivos desarrollados en el país vinculados con esta temática. En particular la Ley de Semillas y los diversos intentos por modificarla; las disputas por el cobro de regalías y los contratos bilaterales entre Monsanto y productores. Se concluye, por un lado, que todo avance de la lógica de apropiación y eliminación de derechos de los agricultores a la resiembra pone en riesgo nuestra Soberanía Alimentaria. Por otro lado, se hace necesario un nuevo modelo agroalimentario basado en la agroecología, con eje en la producción de alimentos sanos y culturalmente apropiados, y en el cuidado de la biodiversidad y los recursos naturales.Since the mid-twentieth century, two events had a decisive impact on the production and commercialization of seeds: the appearance of hybrid seeds, and the expansion of biotechnologies applied to agriculture, which led to a jump in the privatization of knowledge. The seeds thus acquired a strategic interest in the development of global agriculture. This paper analyzes these processes in Argentina and discusses various devices developed in the country related to this topic. In particular, the Law of Seeds and the various attempts to modify it; disputes over the collection of royalties and the bilateral contracts between Monsanto and producers. It concludes, on the one hand, that any advance of the logic of appropriation and elimination of rights of the farmers to the reseeding puts in risk our Food Sovereignty. On the other hand, a new agrofood model based on agroecology is needed, with a focus on the production of healthy and culturally appropriate foods, and on the care of biodiversity and natural resources.Fil: Perelmuter, Tamara. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Estudios de América Latina y el Caribe; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Appropriation of seeds: food and technological sovereignty at risk

Desde mediados del siglo veinte dos hechos impactaron decisivamente en la producción y comercialización de semillas: la aparición de las semillas híbridas, y la expansión de las biotecnologías aplicadas al agro, que condujo a un salto en la privatización del conocimiento. Las semillas adquirieron así un interés estratégico en el desarrollo de la agricultura global. En este trabajo se analizan estos procesos en Argentina y se discuten diversos dispositivos desarrollados en el país vinculados con esta temática. En particular la Ley de Semillas y los diversos intentos por modificarla; las disputas por el cobro de regalías y los contratos bilaterales entre Monsanto y productores. Se concluye, por un lado, que todo avance de la lógica de apropiación y eliminación de derechos de los agricultores a la resiembra pone en riesgo nuestra Soberanía Alimentaria. Por otro lado, se hace necesario un nuevo modelo agroalimentario basado en la agroecología, con eje en la producción de alimentos sanos y culturalmente apropiados, y en el cuidado de la biodiversidad y los recursos naturales.Since the mid-twentieth century, two events had a decisive impact on the production and commercialization of seeds: the appearance of hybrid seeds, and the expansion of biotechnologies applied to agriculture, which led to a jump in the privatization of knowledge. The seeds thus acquired a strategic interest in the development of global agriculture. This paper analyzes these processes in Argentina and discusses various devices developed in the country related to this topic. In particular, the Law of Seeds and the various attempts to modify it; disputes over the collection of royalties and the bilateral contracts between Monsanto and the producers. It concludes, on the one hand, that any advance of the logic of appropriation and elimination of rights of the farmers to the reseeding puts in risk our Food Sovereignty. On the other hand, a new agro-food model based on agroecology is needed, with a focus on the production of healthy and culturally appropriate foods, and on the care of biodiversity and natural resources.Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - Cátedra Libre Ciencia, Política y Socieda

Bienes comunes vs. mercancías: Las semillas en disputa. Un análisis sobre del rol de la propiedad intelectual en los actuales procesos de cercamientos

Históricamente las semillas fueron consideradas bienes comunes, ya que desde el surgimiento de la agricultura, las comunidades campesinas e indígenashan recolectado, almacenado, conservado e intercambiado libremente las semillas, manteniendo el control de las mismas. En los últimos años estamos asistiendo a un nuevo movimiento de cercamiento, proceso mediante el cual aquello que esencialmente era común y quedaba por fuera del mercado, se está rápidamente convirtiendo en una mercancía. Las semillas no quedaron fuera de ese proceso y el cercamiento de las mismas se da mediante dos tipos de mecanismos articulados entre sí: los cambios técnicos en las mismas, que facilitan su apropiación, y las transformaciones en el marco jurídico de la propiedad intelectual. Sin embargo, no sólo estamos ante la fuerza avasalladora del capital en su intento por apropiarse de las semillas. En este artículo me propongo analizar las semillas en disputa: los avances concretos en torno a su mercantilización y los sentidos y acciones que los movimientos sociales, sobre todo indígenas y campesinos, le dan en torno a seguir considerándolas bienes comunes.Historically, seeds were considered as commons, becauses since agriculture began, peasants and indigenous communities have collected, kept, conserved, and exchanged seeds freely, keeping their control. In recent years, we see a new kind of enclosure. This process turns everything which is common, and keeps outside the market, into a commodity. Seeds are not out of this, and their enclosure is given by two articulated mechanisms: technical changes in seeds, which allows their appropriation, and changes in legal frameworks of intellectual property. Although that, we are not confronting the overwhelming force of capital trying to appropriate seeds. In the paper I try to analize the seeds dispute. On one hand, the concrete advances in its commodification. On the other, senses and actions of social movements, especially indigenous and peasants, trying to consider them as commons.Fil: Perelmuter, Tamara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentin