Economia brasileira no início do século xxi: desaceleração, crise e desindustrialização (2000-2017)

This article aims at discussing the hypothesis of absolute de-industrialization in Brazil, mainly from the second decade of the 21st century, when the country entered a cycle of deceleration and, subsequently, an economic crisis. In order to achieve these goals, the trajectory of the Brazilian economy was organized in cycles: the beginning of reversal (1999-2002), growth recovery (2003- 2006), growth acceleration (2007-2010), slowdown (2011-2014) and economic crisis (2015-2017). We used data from Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial production, external accounts, and jobs. The results indicate that the country is on its way to absolute de-industrialization since the cycle of deceleration, considering that it is possible to observe a decline in industrial production and low dynamism of GDP. The sectors of capital goods and durable consumer goods are the most affected, with dramatic reductions, in the face of the great recession.O objetivo do artigo é discutir a hipótese de desindustrialização absoluta no Brasil, principalmente a partir da segunda década do século XXI, quando o país entrou no ciclo da desaceleração e, posteriormente, da crise econômica. Para atingir tais objetivos, a trajetória da economia brasileira é organizada em ciclos: início de reversão (1999-2002), recuperação do crescimento (2003-2006), aceleração do crescimento (2007-2010), desaceleração (2011-2014), crise econômica (2015-2017). São utilizados dados do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), produção industrial, contas externas e empregos. Os resultados apontam que o país está a caminho da desindustrialização absoluta desde o ciclo da desaceleração, tendo em vista que se observa queda da produção industrial e baixo dinamismo do PIB. Os setores de bens de capital e bens de consumo duráveis são os mais afetados, com reduções expressivas, em face da grande recessão.O objetivo do artigo é discutir a hipótese de desindustrialização absoluta no Brasil, principalmente a partir da segunda década do século XXI, quando o país entrou no ciclo da desaceleração e, posteriormente, da crise econômica. Para atingir tais objetivos, a trajetória da economia brasileira é organizada em ciclos: início de reversão (1999-2002), recuperação do crescimento (2003-2006), aceleração do crescimento (2007-2010), desaceleração (2011-2014), crise econômica (2015-2017). São utilizados dados do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), produção industrial, contas externas e empregos. Os resultados apontam que o país está a caminho da desindustrialização absoluta desde o ciclo da desaceleração, tendo em vista que se observa queda da produção industrial e baixo dinamismo do PIB. Os setores de bens de capital e bens de consumo duráveis são os mais afetados, com reduções expressivas, em face da grande recessão

The Portuguese Sibling Study on Growth, Fitness, Lifestyle and Health.

Esta tese pretendeu descrever e interpretar a teia relacional entre fatores individuais, familiares e ambientais na forma do corpo, composição corporal, aptidão física, síndrome metabólica e estilos de vida em pares de irmãos. Amostraram-se 1583 pares de irmãos com idades compreendidas entre 9 e 20 anos; 202 pares foram seguidos durante três anos consecutivos. As variáveis utilizadas foram colhidas com protocolos estandardizados e a informação obtida foi hierarquicamente distribuída por três domínios: individual, familiar e ambiental. Os procedimentos estatísticos recorreram aos softwares SPSS, Somatotype calculation, Mplus, MIXREGLS, Supermix e STATA. Os resultados mostraram que: (1) a semelhança fraterna é maior nos irmãos do mesmo sexo comparativamente com os irmãos do sexo oposto; (2) um índice familiar de magnitude moderado foi observado no somatótipo e na agregação de marcadores de saúde (MS); (3) os fatores individuais e familiares influenciaram, em diferentes magnitudes, as características em análise. Porém, a idade cronológica, a maturação biológica e a aptidão física (AptF) associaram-se com todos os fenótipos; (4) as características ambientais relacionaram-se com a variação nos fenótipos; (5) emergiram dois perfis de MS sendo o mais prevalente (86.7%) caracterizado por menores valores de percentagem de gordura, maiores níveis de AptF e maiores scores de dieta não saudável; (6) apenas a profissão e habilitações literárias do pai associaram-se à pertença aos perfis; (7) os valores de tracking individual são mais elevados nos marcadores de obesidade comparativamente com as componentes de AptF; (8) todos os tipos de pares tendem a ser consistentes nas suas trajetórias dos marcadores de obesidade, mas nas componentes de AptF são as irmãs que se mostraram mais consistentes; (9) os estilos de vida e as características ambientais influenciam os marcadores de obesidade. Contudo, nas componentes de AptF são as características biológicas que mais afetam as suas trajetórias. Esta tese destacou um conjunto de questões e sugestões que devem ser consideradas aquando da elaboração de programas que visem a promoção de saúde em crianças e adolescentes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: IRMÃOS, SOMATÓTIPO, ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, MARCADORES DE SAÚDE, SINDROME METABÓLICAThis thesis aimed to describe and interpret the network of relations between individual, familial and environmental factors in their body shape and composition, physical fitness, metabolic syndrome and lifestyle behaviours in sibling pairs. We sampled 1583 sibling pairs aged 9 to 20 years; 202 pairs were consecutively followed for three years. All data was collected using standardized protocols and the information was distributed over three nested domains: individual, family and environmental. Statistical procedures were done in SPSS, Somatotype calculation, Mplus, MIXREGLS, Supermix and STATA software. Results showed that: (1) fraternal similarity is greater in same-sex siblings compared to the opposite sex siblings; (2) A familial index of moderate magnitude was observed in the somatotype and in the clustering of health markers (HM); (3) individual and family factors differently associated with traits under scrutiny with different effect-sizes. However, chronological age, biological maturation and physical fitness (PF) associated with all phenotypes; (4) environmental characteristics were related with phenotype´s variation; (5) two HM profiles emerged: the most prevalent (86.7%) was characterized by lower values of percentage body fat, higher PF levels and higher unhealthy diet scores; (6) only father's occupation and educational qualifications were associated with membership in these two profiles; (7) individual tracking was higher in obesity markers compared to PF components; (8) all types of pairs tend to be consistent in their trajectories of obesity markers; however, in PF components sisters were more consistent; (9) lifestyle behaviours and environmental characteristics influenced obesity markers; however, in the PF components, were the biological characteristics that most affected sibling's trajectories. This thesis highlighted a set of issues and suggestions that need to be considered when designing health promotion programs in children and adolescents

O DESAFIO DO ENSINO DO DESIGN PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE NUM CONTEXTO PANDÊMICO: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DIDÁTICO-PEDAGÓGICA

This paper aims to report and discuss a didactic-pedagogical experience in teaching design for sustainability (DfS) in which two subjects - Packaging Design and Design for Sustainability - of an undergraduate course in Graphic Design in a Brazilian public university were worked together. The activity was carried out entirely remotely due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The methodology used is the experience report, complemented with literature review, graphic-visual records of the work process and testimonies of participating students. This report describes and discusses the teaching-learning strategies used, the results obtained, and points out some paths that have shown to be promising from that experience, in particular the use of online platforms for planning and project management combined with the use of videoconferencing applications and textbooks produced in an open and collaborative way by the LeNS Brazil research network.Este artigo busca relatar e discutir uma experiência didático-pedagógica no ensino do Design para a Sustentabilidade no qual duas disciplinas – Design de Embalagem e Sustentabilidade – de um curso de graduação em uma universidade pública brasileira foram trabalhadas de forma conjunta. A atividade foi realizada inteiramente de forma remota devido à pandemia de Covid-19.A metodologia utilizada é o relato de experiência, complementado com revisão de literatura, registros gráfico-visuais do processo de trabalho e testemunhos dos estudantes participantes. Este relato descreve e discute as estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem utilizadas, os resultados obtidos, e aponta alguns caminhos que se mostraram promissores a partir desta experiência, em particular o uso de plataformas online para o planejamento e gestão do projeto, combinadas com o uso de aplicativos de videoconferência e livro-texto produzido de forma aberta e colaborativa pela rede de pesquisa LeNS Brazil

A perspective on ICT Portuguese teacher’s lifelong training

"7th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain. 4-5 March, 2013"This paper reports the findings of a study conducted on an interactive whiteboards lifelong training program. A questionnaire evaluating ICT literacy, as well as the level of satisfaction of teachers regarding the type of training program they had attended was driven at the end of the training program. After nine months of its implementation, twenty Mathematics teachers were contacted again to conduct another survey on the applicability of the training program they had attended in order to know/understand the possible changes in their teaching practices. The goal of the study was to investigate the influence of ICT training in changing the teachers' practices in primary and secondary education, analyzing the effectiveness of the program in the integration of technologies as learning tools in the classroom. This study aims at an improvement of the practices adopted by trainers and the search for effective training models implemented in the lifelong education of teachers. We conclude that most teachers without specific training according TPACK's model only used interactive whiteboard as supported didactic, replicating the more traditional education. As main reasons reported for not using ICT in the classroom relate to inadequate training in the use of technology, lack of technical knowledge and lack of time to plan activities which integrate ICT. Teachers pointed very high theoretical component and after-work schedule as the most significant disadvantages for lifelong training. After this experience, teachers reported as useful or very useful the training, an increase in their self-esteem to use educational technologies and it was reported a small increase in the number of teachers who always use ICT in the classroom

Lean and quality management integration: improvement program implementation in a service company

Lean Thinking is an important pillar in the success of any program of continuous improvement process. Its tools are useful means in the analysis, control and organization of important data for correct decision making in organizations. This project had as main objective the design of a program of quality improvement in Eurico Ferreira, S.A., based on the evaluation of customer satisfaction and the implementation of 5S. Subsequently, we have selected which business area of the company to address. After the selection, there was an initial diagnostic procedure, identifying the various points of improvement to which some tools of Lean Thinking have been applied, in particular Value Stream Mapping and 5S methodology. With the first, we were able to map the current state of the process in which all stakeholders were represented as well as the flow of materials and information throughout the process. The 5S methodology allowed to act on the wastage, identifying and implementing various process improvements

The Interface between law and Artificial Intelligence: The Use of AI as a TOOL in Intellectual property law - Patent System

This research sought to investigate the use of Artificial Intelligence in the development of patents, especially in the search and dissemination of anteriority. The research problem refers to the question of whether Artificial Intelligence technology can be considered as an Inventor in itself, and hold a patent: What are the main considerations and arguments for refusing this idea in the present scenario? Consequently, in order to achieve this multidisciplinary undertaking to study the interface between AI and Patents, it was necessary to apply a perspective also centered on data analysis, IOT and new technologies in the Age of the Digital Revolution, evaluating the algorithmic characteristic of Black Boxing. In addition, the studies necessarily covered the contextualization and criteria of legal responsibility, personality rights and contractual relations as fundamental factors to support the thesis discussed here. The studies briefly addressed the regulatory aspects and legislative policies of AI in the international and European contexts, providing a perspective of comparative law. Lastly, the work tried to address some of the issues of transparency and ethics involved in this problematic topic, bringing the concept of Cui Bono to justify the impossibility of granting a Patent to AI. Therefore, this research work encompassed the advantages and disadvantages involved in the Artificial Intelligence scenario, demonstrating improved performance and results of its use in the industrial property area, according to business practices and techniques, and the ethical parameters that must be pursued by society, to develop a transparent, reliable and “explicable” use of Artificial Intelligence, as a TOOL, especially related to the patent system

A LÓGICA MERCANTIL NA POLÍTICA SOCIAL DO ENSINO SUPERIOR BRASILEIRO

RESUMO: No capitalismo, as políticas sociais, são reguladas cada vez mais pelo mercado, aprofundando a lógica da rentabilidade ao capital. Sendo assim, a política de ensino superior no Brasil, tem sido implementada de modo a garantir esse processo, especialmente através de sua mercantilização. Para tanto, busca-se nesse artigo, analisar a política de ensino superior no Brasil bem como, compreender como o conjunto de medidas que foram implementadas, como REUNI, PROUNI, FIES entre outras, influem na materialização da universidade brasileira

The adaptability of companies in the automotive sector to the ban on internal combustion vehicles in Europe from 2035

This dissertation explores a topic of great actuality, with an almost daily presence in the press and on people’s minds. Although the adaptability of companies to change is a diverse research area, the study focuses on an intensely affected domain, the Automotive Sector, for being an area that raised my particular interest. The realisation that there is a rapid change occurring in the world’s mobility and transportation, allied to the fact that companies in the automotive and mobility sector need to reshape to fit the market needs promptly, is what attracted me to investigate this theme. This paper aims to identify the factors that condition the adaptability of companies in the automotive sector to the new paradigm that will emerge in 2035. For this reason, the study’s objective is to analyse the relationship between organisational citizenship behaviour, intrinsic motivation, creative behaviour, problem-focused voice behaviour and affective commitment constructs and demographic variables such as age, level of education and job tenure. This study assessed the reactions, adaptations, and innovations adopted by companies in the automotive sector. The study is based on an organisational questionnaire answered by 64 workers in Portuguese companies in the automotive sector through a Microsoft Forms link. This study is organised in two parts: in the first, I present the theoretical framework, I characterise innovation and adaptability, the relationship between these two factors and the analysis of the case in the Automotive Sector; In the second part, I present the empirical study collected from the questionnaire above mentioned.A presente dissertação explora um tema de grande atualidade, com presença quase diária na imprensa e nas preocupações dos cidadãos. Embora a questão da adaptabilidade das empresas à mudança, respeite a uma diversidade de áreas de investigação, centrei o meu estudo num domínio intensamente afetado – o Setor Automóvel –, por ser uma área que me suscita particular interesse. A perceção de que, a nível mundial, há uma mudança rápida a ocorrer na mobilidade e transporte, aliada ao facto de as empresas do setor automóvel e de mobilidade precisarem de se adaptar prontamente às necessidades do mercado, determinaram o meu interesse na investigação do tema. Este trabalho visa identificar os fatores que condicionam a adaptabilidade das empresas do sector automóvel ao novo paradigma, que surgirá em 2035. O objetivo do estudo é a análise da relação entre comportamento de cidadania organizacional, motivação intrínseca, comportamento criativo, comportamento de voz focado no problema e construções de compromisso afetivo e variáveis demográficas tais como idade, nível de educação e permanência no emprego. Resultou deste estudo a avaliação da reação, adaptações e inovações adotadas pelas empresas do setor automóvel. O estudo baseia-se num questionário organizacional, respondido por 64 trabalhadores de empresas portuguesas do setor automóvel, através de Microsoft Forms. Este estudo organiza-se em duas partes: na primeira, apresento o quadro teórico, caracterizo a inovação e a adaptabilidade, a relação entre estes dois fatores e a análise do caso no Setor Automóvel; na segunda parte, apresento o estudo empírico recolhido no questionário acima referido