Reflexos de uma Lógica Mercadológica no Ensino Superior

O presente trabalho visou problematizar as possibilidades e o lugar do docente de ensino superior dentro de um escopo de uma política voltada para uma racionalidade neoliberal, a qual prima por grande produtividade, desenvolvimento pessoal meritocrático, pela lógica da concorrência e da competitividade, bem como – em especial recorte deste artigo ao contexto acadêmico – na transformação das Instituições de Ensino Superior tomadas enquanto empresas, que devem responder às demandas e preceitos da gestão à qual são submetidas. Neste contexto, a formação do docente é amplamente atravessada pela ênfase na produção massiva de conteúdo acadêmico, em detrimento da formação didática e do incentivo ao pensamento crítico no ensino. Partindo do contexto histórico no qual a universidade se insere hoje, o presente artigo buscou discutir como as implicações da demanda mercadológica para a universidade recaem no exercício da docência, tendo como questão norteadora: os professores apresentam condições formativas para enfrentar as novas demandas que se impõe à universidade?

Destinations of sexuality in female imprisonment

Esse trabalho analisa questões relativas à sexualidade, compreendida através das elaborações psicanalíticas do conceito de pulsão apresentados por Sigmund Freud e, posteriormente por Jacques Lacan, dentro de unidades prisionais femininas. O número de encarceramentos de mulheres tem apresentado proporções alarmantes mundialmente e, nesse contexto, o Brasil apresenta-se com a quarta maior população feminina em instituições penitenciárias. Pela complexidade apresentada nessa situação, o problema extrapola o campo jurídico e exige um olhar interdisciplinar que possa apontar tanto as condições que contribuem para esse processo de aprisionamento em massa, quanto indicar caminhos para possíveis providências ou resoluções. A partir do questionamento sobre o baixo número de visitas e de visitas íntimas em penitenciárias femininas, o objetivo inicial foi responder tais perguntas: Como as mulheres em privação de liberdade lidam com questões relativas à sua própria sexualidade nesse ambiente, há espaço para isso, em que âmbito e de que forma isso emerge? Articulando essa investigação com a análise sobre qual o lugar no laço social ocupado pelas mulheres que foram selecionadas pelo sistema penal e quais seriam os desdobramentos psíquicos diante da experiência de aprisionamento. A investigação ocorreu através da análise da experiência de escuta com mulheres vivendo em condição de privação de liberdade em unidades prisionais de São Paulo. Para contextualizar o campo de estudo, foi utilizado um retorno histórico, apontando como hipótese, que os aprisionamentos femininos ocorrem há muito tempo no contexto brasileiro. Apresentamos as práticas e discursos que, historicamente, circunscreveram e encarceraram mulheres ao espaço doméstico, aos hospitais psiquiátricos e às prisões modernas. Posteriormente, foi examinada a experiência de escuta dentro do contexto prisional utilizando a psicanálise como método de análise, que apresenta uma ampliação acerca do entendimento sobre a sexualidade, não mais restrita ao biológico e à reprodução, mas articulada com o inconsciente e com a linguagem, originando o conceito de pulsão. Desse modo, concluímos que frente as limitações e as privações características de um sistema prisional é possível elencar alguns espaços de destinações pulsionais, onde existe a possibilidade do endereçamento ao Outro e do sujeito de desejo emergir, são eles: o trabalho, os relacionamentos, a maternidade e as cartasThis master\'s thesis analyzes matters regarding women sexuality in female prison units read through psychoanalytics elaborations of the drive concept presented by Freud. The number of female incarceration has taken alarming proportions worldwide. In this contexto Brazil has the fourth biggest population of women inside prison institutions. Because of the complexity in the situation, this problem extrapolates the legal field and demands an interdisciplinary look that enumerates both the conditions that contribute to this mass imprisonment as ways to the possible measures or solutions to it. From questioning the low rate of visits and intimate visits in female prisons, the initial goal was to answer such questions: How women in deprivation of liberty handle matters regarding its own sexuality in this environment, is there any room for it, where and how does it emerges? Joining this investigation with the analysis of what is the role of women selected by the prison system in the social tie and what are the psychic unfoldings against the imprisonment experience. The investigation happened through the analysis of the listening experience with women living in condition of liberty deprivation in São Paulo\'s prison units. To contextualize the field of study it was used a historical return pointing towards the hypothesis that the female imprisonment has been happening for a long time in the brazilian context. We present the practices and speeches that historically limited and imprisoned women to the domestic spaces, psychiatric hospitals and modern prisons. Subsequently it was examined the listening experience inside the prison context using psychoanalysis as method of analysis, that presents the amplification regarding the understanding of sexuality not restricted by biology and reproduction but articulated with the unconscious and with a language, originating the concept of drive. Thus we concluded that facing the limitations and privations featured in the prisonal system it is possible to enumerate some spaces of drive destinations, where there is the possibility to address to the Other and the emerge of the subject of desire, these are: the work, the relationships, the motherhood and the letter

Eimeria species in young and adult sheep raised under intensive and/or semi-intensive systems of a herd from Umuarama city, Parana State, Brazil

The present study aimed to identify Eimeria species in young and adult sheep raised under intensive and / or semi-intensive systems of a herd from Umuarama city, Parana State, Brazil using the traditional diagnostic methods and to correlate the infection level/types of infection in the different age/system in this herd. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum of 210 sheep and were subjected to laboratory analysis to differentiate the species. Furthermore, animals were observed to determine the occurrences of the clinical or subclinical forms of eimeriosis. Out of the 210 collected fecal samples, 147 (70%) were positive for Eimeria oocysts, and 101 (47.86%) belonged to young animals that were raised under intensive and / or semi-intensive farming systems. Oocysts from 9 species of Eimeria parasites were identified in the sheep at the following prevalence rates: E. crandallis, 50.0%; E. parva, 21.6%; E. faurei, 8.1%; E. ahsata, 8.1%; E. intricata, 5.4%; E. granulosa, 2.7%; E. ovinoidalis, 2.0%; E. ovina, 1.3%; and E. bakuensis, 0.6%. There were no differences regarding the more frequent Eimeria species among the different ages of animals or between the different farming management systems. Based on these data, E. crandallis was the most prevalent, followed by E. parva and E. faurei species, regardless of the age. Higher parasitism was diagnosed in the young animals that were raised in a confinement regime, and the disease found in the herd was classified as subclinical. Further studies should be conducted in this herd, to verify if the eimeriosis subclinical can cause damage especially in young animals with a high level of infection

Subjective impacts of computerized cognitive training for healthy older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Background Computerized cognitive training programs may have benefited the self-assessment of memory, quality of life, and mood among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objective To determine the subjective impacts of computerized cognitive training on mood, frequency of forgetfulness, memory complaints, and quality of life in the elderly using an online platform. Methods In total, 66 elderly participants of USP 60 + , a program for the elderly offered by Universidade de São Paulo, who voluntarily enrolled in the study were selected and randomized with an allocation ratio of 1:1 into 2 groups: the training group (n = 33) and the control group (n = 33). After signing the free and informed consent form, they answered a protocol which included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Memory Complaints Questionnaire (MAC-Q), the McNair and Kahn's Frequency of Forgetfulness Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire. The training cognitive game platform aimed to stimulate various cognitive aspects, including memory, attention, language, executive functions (reasoning, logical thinking), and visual and spatial skills. Results The participants of the training group showed a reduction in the MAC-Q, MacNair and Kahn, and GAI scores in the pre- and posttest comparison. Significant differences were identified between the groups regarding the total scores of the MAC-Q in the post-test, which was also evidenced by the logistic regression. Conclusion Participation in a computerized cognitive intervention promoted reductions in memory complaints, frequency of forgetfulness, and anxiety symptoms, in addition to improving self-reported quality of life

Risk of adverse outcomes in offspring with RT-PCR confirmed prenatal Zika virus exposure: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 13 cohorts in the Zika Brazilian Cohorts ConsortiumResearch in context

Summary: Background: Knowledge regarding the risks associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in pregnancy has relied on individual studies with relatively small sample sizes and variable risk estimates of adverse outcomes, or on surveillance or routinely collected data. Using data from the Zika Brazilian Cohorts Consortium, this study aims, to estimate the risk of adverse outcomes among offspring of women with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection during pregnancy and to explore heterogeneity between studies. Methods: We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis of the offspring of 1548 pregnant women from 13 studies, using one and two-stage meta-analyses to estimate the absolute risks. Findings: Of the 1548 ZIKV-exposed pregnancies, the risk of miscarriage was 0.9%, while the risk of stillbirth was 0.3%. Among the pregnancies with liveborn children, the risk of prematurity was 10,5%, the risk of low birth weight was 7.7, and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) was 16.2%. For other abnormalities, the absolute risks were: 2.6% for microcephaly at birth or first evaluation, 4.0% for microcephaly at any time during follow-up, 7.9% for neuroimaging abnormalities, 18.7% for functional neurological abnormalities, 4.0% for ophthalmic abnormalities, 6.4% for auditory abnormalities, 0.6% for arthrogryposis, and 1.5% for dysphagia. This risk was similar in all sites studied and in different socioeconomic conditions, indicating that there are not likely to be other factors modifying this association. Interpretation: This study based on prospectively collected data generates the most robust evidence to date on the risks of congenital ZIKV infections over the early life course. Overall, approximately one-third of liveborn children with prenatal ZIKV exposure presented with at least one abnormality compatible with congenital infection, while the risk to present with at least two abnormalities in combination was less than 1.0%. Funding: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - Brazil (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq); Wellcome Trust and the United Kingdom's Department for International Development; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program; Medical Research Council on behalf of the Newton Fund and Wellcome Trust; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Foundation Christophe et Rodolphe Mérieux; Coordination for the improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Capes); Ministry of Health of Brazil; Brazilian Department of Science and Technology; Foundation of Research Support of the State of São Paulo (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP); Foundation of Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ); Foundation of Support for Research and Scientific and Technological Development of Maranhão; Evandro Chagas Institute/Brazilian Ministry of Health (Instituto Evandro Chagas/Ministério da Saúde); Foundation of Research Support of the State of Goiás (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás – FAPEG); Foundation of Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – FAPERGS); Foundation to Support Teaching, Research and Assistance at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto); São Paulo State Department of Health (Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo); Support Foundation of Pernambuco Science and Technology (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco – FACEPE)

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora