Isolamento de fungos filamentosos seção Nigri produtores de ocratoxina A em uvas tintas.

A colonização dos Aspergillusda Seção Nigri nas uvas durante o cultivo é a principal fonte de ocratoxina A (OTA) em uvas e seus derivados. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de espécies de Aspergillus Seção Nigri produtores de ocratoxina A em três variedades de uvas tintas utilizadas para a elaboração de vinho tinto e suco de uva, coletadas na região vitivinícola do Vale Submédio São Francisco em parceria com o setor de Enologia da Embrapa Semi-Árido localizada em Petrolina (PE). Dentre as variedades de uvas analisadas, Petit verdot apresentou maior nível de contaminação por Aspergillus Seção Nigri. A produção de ocratoxina A foi confirmada nas espécies Aspergillus carbonarius e Aspergillus niger. Palavras-chaves: Uvas Tintas, Aspergillus, Seção Nigri, Ocratoxina A

Hábitos Alimentares Durante a Gravidez em Mulheres com Parto Muito Pré-Termo: Uma Análise Exploradora

Introduction: Preterm birth is increasing worldwide, representing a major cause of death and long-term loss of human potential among survivors. Some morbidities during pregnancy are well-known risk factors for preterm labor, but it is not yet known whether deviations from adequate dietary patterns are associated with preterm delivery. Diet may be an important modulator of chronic inflammation, and pro-inflammatory diets during pregnancy were reported to be associated with preterm birth. The aim of this study was to assess the food consumption during pregnancy of Portuguese women giving birth very prematurely and the association between the food consumption and the major maternal morbidities during pregnancy related with preterm delivery. Material and methods: A single-center cross-sectional observational study including consecutive Portuguese women giving birth before 33 weeks of gestation was conducted. Recall of eating habits during pregnancy was obtained within the first week after delivery, using a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated for Portuguese pregnant women. Results: Sixty women with a median age of 36.0 years were included. Of these, 35% were obese or overweight at the beginning of pregnancy, 41.7% and 25.0% gained excessive or insufficient weight during pregnancy, respectively. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was present in 21.7% of cases, gestational diabetes in 18.3%, chronic hypertension in 6.7%, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 5.0%. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was significantly associated with increased daily consumption of pastry products (31.2 vs 10.0 g, p = 0.022), fast food (39.6 vs 29.7 g, p = 0.028), bread (90.0 vs 50.0 g, p = 0.005), pasta, rice and potatoes (225.7 vs 154.3 g, p = 0.012). In a multivariate analysis, only bread consumption maintained a significant, albeit weak, association (OR = 1.021; 1.003 - 1.038, p = 0.022). Conclusion: Pregnancy-induced hypertension was associated with increased consumption of pastry products, fast food, bread, pasta, rice, and potatoes, although only bread consumption had a weak but statistically significant association with pregnancy-induced hypertension in a multivariate analysis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Colostro de égua no aleitamento artificial.

bitstream/CPPSE/11367/1/PROCICircT8MU1993.00054.pd

Levantamento da entomofauna edáfica associada à Mata Ripária e Sistema Agroflorestal, no estado do Acre.

Insetos são considerados excelentes bioindicadores de mudanças ambientais e da qualidade do ambiente. Estudos de suas comunidades podem ser aplicados no planejamento, desenho e manejo urbano, monitoramento ambiental e práticas conservacionistas. As armadilhas de solo constituem um método passivo de coleta, que fornece uma estimativa aproximada do número total de espécies de uma comunidade além de ser uma metodologia simples. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento da entomofauna edáfica em duas áreas, uma Mata Ripária (10°03?42.59??S; 67°46?26.48??W) e um Sistema Agroflorestal (SAF) (10°03?65.41??S; 67°46?42.60??W), localizados no município de Rio Branco, AC. O estudo foi realizado entre outubro a novembro de 2011, totalizando cinco coletas nas duas áreas. Em cada área foram instaladas 20 do tipo ?pitfall trap?, que consistiram em copos plásticos de 500 mL, equidistantes 10 m entre si, dispostos em dois transectos, distanciados 10 m entre si. Em cada armadilha foi adicionado 250 mL de formaldeído (1%) e gotas de detergente líquido neutro. Semanalmente os pitfalls eram recolhidos e transportados até o laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Acre, onde eram triados, montados e secos. Os espécimes foram identificados até o nível taxonômico de Ordem, com auxílio de literatura pertinente e sob microscópio estereoscópio. Foram capturados um total de 2.266 espécimes nas duas áreas estudadas, sendo 1.412 (62,3%) no Sistema Agroflorestal e 854 (37,4%) na Mata Ripária. Foram encontradas oito Ordens: Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Blattodea, Hemiptera e Lepidoptera, todas encontradas nas duas áreas, com exceção de Lepidoptera, a qual foi capturada somente na Mata Ripária. As principais Ordens encontradas nas duas áreas foram Hymenoptera (principalmente formigas), correspondendo a 70,4% de todos os insetos capturados, seguida por Coleoptera (11,9%) e Isoptera (11,8%). As demais Ordens juntas corresponderam a apenas 5,9%

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis strains

Research Areas: MicrobiologyThe pathogenesis mechanisms of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv), the etiologic agent of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis remain elusive. This study evaluated the virulence potential and biovar characteristics of Cfv isolates (n = 13) by PCR screening of putative virulencefactor (VF) genes, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis, antimicrobial susceptibility to tetracycline, penicillin, enrofloxacin and streptomycin testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS; n = 5), also comparing the latter with 26 other whole-genome sequences of Cfv strains. The putative VF genes encoding type IV secretion system of Cfv (virB2-virB11/virD4) were absent in 92% of isolates, including isolates from aborted foetuses, evidencing that these VF genes are not essential for Cfv pathogenicity. The parA gene, used as a Cfv diagnostic molecular target, was detected in only 3 of 13 isolates, invalidating its use for diagnosis purposes. Three novel sequence types were identified by MLST. Although no in vitro antimicrobial resistance was detected, WGS identified antimicrobial resistance-related genes, including those encoding the multidrug efflux pumps CmeABC and YkkCD, indicating that their presence is not enough to provide antimicrobial resistance. The SNP and accessory protein families analysis segregated the Cfv and Cfv biovar intermedius (Cfvi) strains into different clusters. In conclusion, this study evidenced virulence potential and biovar characteristics of Cfv and Cfvi, which are of relevance for the control of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Qualidade do solo sob sistemas agroflorestais e agricultura tradicional no Bioma Floresta Atlântica.

the present study, we evaluated the influence of agroforestry systems and traditional agriculture on the physical attributes and biologicals of soil, using as reference a native forest area in Paraty, RJ. Levels of total soil organic carbon, as well as oxidizable fractions and aggregate stability, were analyzed, in addition to the activity and carbon and nitrogen content in the soil microbial biomass, in the 0?5 cm layer, in two distinct seasons (dry and rainy seasons)

Growth and yield performance of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' submitted to variations of concentration and application techniques of hydrogen cyanamide in the tropical region of Brazil

Wine grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) used in the tropics require special management techniques to regulate the production and to obtain grapes with adequate quality level. The use of chemicals to help in overcoming dormancy and to promote uniform budburst is a wide-spread practice in warm climates regions. In temperate countries grow fruit crops require exposure to chilling to overcome the dormant period of the buds (Erez et al., 2008), that does not happen in tropical conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application, painted or sprayed, and the concentration of hydrogen cyanamide on the vegetative and yield performances of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines in the conditions of soil and climate of the San Francisco Valley, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Lagoa Grande county, Pernambuco, Brazil (9º2?S, 40º11?W), during the 2007 harvest season, when 10, 5 and 2% of hydrogen cyanamide were applied by foam paint roller or by sprayer (this system involved an employee wearing backpack sprayer (model JACTOPJH20) with wands 50 cm in length using a type JA2 nozzle), compared with a control modality (without application)

A time of flight method to measure the speed of sound using a stereo sound card

We present an inexpensive apparatus for measuring the speed of sound, with a time of flight method, using a computer with a stereo sound board. Students measure the speed of sound by timing the delay between the arrivals of a pulse to two microphones placed at different distances from the source. It can serve as a very effective demonstration, providing a quick measurement of the speed of sound in air; we have used it with great success in Open Days in our Department. It can also be used for a full fledged laboratory determination of the speed of sound in air.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Physics Teache