Efetivação dos direitos sociais pelo processo coletivo: tutela de direitos individuais homogêneos na justiça do trabalho

The attainment of the wide range of social rights ensured by the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil to workers, most of which subjective individual rights to provision directed at private individuals, is an essential component in the achievement of the society project idealized in the Magna Carta. To this effect, non-constitutional lawmakers have conceived an ingenious system of collective legal protection, which aims at providing speedy and uniform joint processing of comparable de facto situations. There are two archetypal actions in the system denominated Collective Bargaining: public civil action, whose object are diffuse and collective (stricto sensu) rights (said collective lato sensu rights); and civil class action, whose object are individual homogeneous rights, which are dealt with in the present study. The management of such actions has been assigned to several entities, among which the Public Prosecutor's Office and trade unions stand out in the labor area. The principles and peculiarities of Labor Law, mainly related to the employee's lack of economic self-sufficiency, to the public policy aspect of most of its rules and to the correlated nonwaiver of rights set out in Labor Law require, however, adjustments to the patterns of collective actions in ordinary civil proceedings, leading collective legal protection of homogeneous individual rights in Labor Courts away from Labor Law in several aspects, among which the extent of legal standings, the enforcement regime, admissible types of protection. A reflection on concepts and institutes within collective bargaining processes must contribute to improve its practices, bridging the gap between constitutional promises of effective exercise of jurisdiction.A concretização do farto leque de direitos sociais assegurados pela Constituição da República aos trabalhadores, a maioria dos quais direitos subjetivos individuais a prestação, tendo por destinatários pessoas privadas, é componente essencial da realização do projeto de sociedade idealizado na Carta. Para tal fim, o legislador ordinário concebeu um engenhoso sistema de tutela judicial coletiva, que ambiciona atribuir tratamento conjunto, uniforme e célere a situações de fato assimiláveis. Duas são as ações arquetípicas desse sistema, denominado Processo Coletivo: a ação civil pública, cujo objeto são os direitos difusos e coletivos stricto sensu (ditos coletivos lato sensu); e a ação civil coletiva, que tem por objeto os direitos individuais homogêneos, essa última tratada no presente estudo. A iniciativa para o manejo dessas ações foi atribuída a diversas entidades, entre as quais se destacam, na área trabalhista, o Ministério Público e os sindicatos. Os princípios e peculiaridades do Direito do Trabalho, relacionados sobretudo à hipossuficiência do trabalhador, ao caráter de ordem pública da maioria de suas normas e à correlata indisponibilidade dos direitos por elas instituídos exigem, no entanto, adaptações no padrão da ação civil coletiva do processo civil comum, fazendo com que a defesa coletiva de direitos individuais homogêneos na Justiça do Trabalho dele se afaste em vários aspectos, entre os quais a extensão da legitimidade ativa, o regime de condução da execução, as espécies de tutela admitidas. A reflexão sobre os conceitos e institutos do processo coletivo trabalhista deve contribuir para o aprimoramento de sua prática, aproximando da realidade a promessa constitucional de efetividade da jurisdição

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Food web topology and nested keystone species complexes

Important species may be in critically central network positions in ecological interaction networks. Beyond quantifying which one is the most central species in a food web, a multi-node approach can identify the key sets of the most central n species as well. However, for sets of different size n, these structural keystone species complexes may differ in their composition. If larger sets contain smaller sets, higher nestedness may be a proxy for predictive ecology and efficient management of ecosystems. On the contrary, lower nestedness makes the identification of keystones more complicated. Our question here is how the topology of a network can influence nestedness as an architectural constraint. Here, we study the role of keystone species complexes in 27 real food webs and quantify their nestedness. After quantifying their topology properties, we determine their keystones species complexes, calculate their nestedness and statistically analyze the relationship between topological indices and nestedness. A better understanding of the cores of ecosystems is crucial for efficient conservation efforts and to know which networks will have more nested keystone species complexes would be a great help for prioritizing species that could preserve the ecosystem’s structural integrity

Sequential Allocation and Balancing Prognostic Factors in a Psychiatric Clinical Trial

In controlled clinical trials, each of several prognostic factors should be balanced across the trial arms. Traditional restricted randomization may be proved inadequate especially with small sample sizes. In psychiatric disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), small trials prevail. Therefore, procedures to minimize the chance of imbalance between treatment arms are advisable. This paper describes a minimization procedure specifically designed for a clinical trial that evaluates treatment efficacy for OCD patients. Aitchison's compositional distance was used to calculate vectors for each possibility of allocation in a covariate adaptive method. Two different procedures were designed to allocate patients in small blocks or sequentially one-by-one. Partial results of this allocation procedure as well as simulated ones are shown. In the clinical trial for which this procedure was developed, the balancing between treatment arms was achieved successfully. Simulations of results considering different arrival order of patients showed that most of the patients are allocated in a different treatment arm if arrival order is modified. Results show that a random factor is maintained with the random arrival order of patients. This specific procedure allows the use of a large number of prognostic factors for the allocation decision and was proved adequate for a psychiatric trial design

Mapping and analysis of geodiversity indices in the Xingu river basin, Amazonia, Brazil

First published online: 14 October 2014From the 1990s, geodiversity studies have been widely carried out in order to understand, describe and preserve the natural heritage of the abiotic environment. Geodiversity assessments have principally been conducted using geological (minerals, rocks and fossils), geomorphological (landforms and processes) and pedological variables. This concept has been widespread and consolidated in scientific circles, where early studies focused on methods that assessed the spatial variability of the geodiversity, with a particular focus on quantitative aspects. In this study, a geodiversity quantification methodology (Pereira et al. 2013) has been applied to the Xingu River basin (Amazônia, Brazil), which covers approximately 51 million hectares. This methodology is based on measuring and integrating abiotic elements, which are spatialised using thematic maps at scales varying between 1:250,000 and 1:1,000,000 and using a 1:25,000 systematic linkage grid. This methodology was adapted for the Amazonian environment by including parameters related to river channel patterns, as approximately 12.6 % of the area is a fluvial environment (channels and floodplains). After applying the methodology, geodiversity indices varying between 4 and 32 were obtained, and a geodiversity hot spot in the basin was identified in the region known as “Volta Grande do Xingu” (The Great Bend of the Xingu). The results of the study highlight the fragility of legal tools for environmental protection of the area, primarily those related to aspects of the physical environment. Although large portions of the basin are partially or fully protected (as indigenous lands and conservation units), the area with the greatest geodiversity is precisely the one which has fewer legal protection devices and is where the Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant is being built

Psychic functioning and clinical handling of somatic patients: reflections starting from the disaffection notion

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama, em termos teóricos e clínicos, da concepção psicossomática de Joyce McDougall. A noção de desafetação será utilizada como operador conceitual básico. Trata-se de um distúrbio da economia afetiva típico de pacientes somáticos, o qual promove uma incapacidade quase total em manter contato com as emoções próprias e alheias. Dentre outras especificidades da clínica psicanalítica com pacientes somáticos, destaca-se que ao profissional será imposto o desafio de funcionar como um filtro - sendo, assim, capaz de regular o afluxo de excitações, que tende a desencadear descargas corporais em função da inviabilidade, associada à desafetação, e de recorrer às palavras para torná-lo dizível.The aim of this article is to show a theorical and clinical view of the psychosomatic conceptions of Joyce McDougall. The notion of disaffection will be used as a conceptual basic operator. It is a disturbance of the affective economy typical of somatic patients, which promotes an almost total incapacity to keep contact with their own emotions and someone else's. Among others specialities of the clinical psychoanalysis with somatic patients, the professional will be obliged to work as a filter capable to regulate the affluence of excitements that tends to unchain corporal discharges because the impossibility, associated to the disaffection, to use words to make them speakable

An application to select collaborative project management software tools

"The 2014 World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST'14)"In an increasingly competitive market the use of project management techniques can help controlling scope, time, and cost in an efficient way. Either due to size or complexity that may exist in a project, it may be essential to use project management software tools. Some projects involve teams of people who may be geographically dispersed, being essential to exchange information among project stakeholders, hence the need for collaborative tools, best known as groupware. In this paper, we present an overview of project management and collaborative project management techniques and tools. Next, we present a framework, based on ISO 9126 and ISO 14598, to classify collaborative project management software tools. Finally, we present a model and an application to help on the selection of this type of tools.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The role of APQP in product development: Case studies on the assembler-suppliers relationship

O desenvolvimento de produto realizado entre montadora de veículos e fornecedor requer atenção especial na gestão do processo e na interação entre empresas. O artigo discute uma das metodologias mais utilizadas nessa indústria, o planejamento avançado da qualidade de novos produtos (APQP), identificando seus usos e as condições que potencialmente melhoram a gestão do processo de desenvolvimento do produto. Foi desenvolvido através de estudos de casos da indústria automotiva, quando foi identificado que atrasos por parte da montadora dificultam a gestão do processo. O fornecedor, ao trabalhar próximo da montadora, acompanha de perto informações que possibilitam administrar atrasos e prazos comprimidos, muitas vezes antecipando-se a formalizações da montadora. Isso tem custos adicionais e revela que o APQP se torna elemento da gestão dos prazos, mas não impede falhas internas na montadora ou na qualidadeProduct development process realized between car manufacturers and auto parts suppliers requires special attention regarding its management and interaction between the companies. This paper aims mainly at discussing one of the most used methodologies at this industry, the Advanced Planning for Quality Product (APQP), as well as identifying the key conditions to manage the product development process. It is based on in-depth case studies in the Automotive Industry. It was possible to identify several points of delay on the automaker side; however, suppliers are working collaboratively with assemblers, following closely information that enable them to manage fails, delays, and short commitments. This has extra costs, but reveals that APQP is mainly a tool for managing deadlines, and it cannot avoid internal fails in the car manufacturer or in product qualit