Ordonnances municipales, autorité policière et travail féminin: la prostitution clandestine à Buenos Aires, 1870-1880

Este artículo aborda los años posteriores a la aprobación de la ordenanza de 1875, que reglamentó las casas de prostitución, para examinar su impacto en los sentidos morales atribuidos a ciertos lugares de ocio y sociabilidad masculina que dependían del trabajo femenino. Se trata de un periodo marcado por la aprobación de inéditos reglamentos sobre viviendas y lugares de sociabilidad en el marco de la construcción del poder municipal. En especial, argumenta que la noción de ?prostitución clandestina? permite examinar la construcción cotidiana de la autoridad, los ámbitos municipales como escenarios de disputa entre derechos y los arreglos laborales entablados en estos lugares.This article examines the years following the 1875 municipal ordinance that established regulations for houses of prostitution. It analyses the impact of this ordinance on the moral meanings of these establishments devoted to leisure and male sociability, which depended on women’s labour. This period of Buenos Aires’ history was shaped by the enactment of novel sanitary and municipal measures, in a context characterized by the construction of municipal authority. The article argues that the notion of “clandestine prostitution” can be used as a clue to examine the daily construction of local authority, the dispute of rights in the municipal setting, and labour relations in such establishments.Cet article examine l’impact de l’ordonnance de 1875 sur la réglementation des maisons closes, durant les années qui suivent son approbation, sur les sens moraux attribués à certains lieux de plaisir et de sociabilité masculine qui dépendaient du travail féminin. Il s’agit d’une période marquée par l’approbation de règlements inédits en matière d’habitat et de lieux de sociabilité dans le cadre de la construction du pouvoir municipal. En particulier, l’article avance que la notion de “prostitution clandestine” permet d’examiner la construction quotidienne de l’autorité, les cadres municipaux comme lieux de disputes entre droits et les arrangements en matière de travail conclus dans ces lieux. Mots clé: Buenos Aires, 1870-1880, municipalité,Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentin

Looking Through the Window: Prostitutes and Their Neighbours (Rio de Janeiro, Early Twentieth Century)

This article analyses some of the debates on the regulation of sex trade in Rio de Janeiro and the enforcement of a particular set of non-regulationist policies at the beginning of the First Republic (1889-1930). I argue that against the background of conflicts in local politics and labour relations, non-regulationist policies in Rio de Janeiro opened up unexpected possibilities for prostitutes, who reinterpreted the available law in their dealings with neighbors and other workers. The historical process of the abolition of slavery in Brazil, together with the consolidation of an authoritarian republican regime, created the conditions that allowed Rio de Janeiro's police to enforce a particular policy of surveillance and control of specific groups of prostitutes. This policy resulted in the increasing clustering of prostitutes particularly those who used to parade themselves in the doors and windows of their own homes in designated urban spaces. Although this process had a significant impact on the relationship between the groups of prostitutes and other workers and neighbours, it nevertheless failed to dissolve their bonds.Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentin

South American tours: Work relations in the entertainment market in South America

This article explores the relationships between young European women who worked in the growing entertainment market in Argentine and Brazilian cities, and the many people who from time to time came under suspicion of exploiting them for prostitution. The international travels of young women with contracts to sing or dance in music halls, theatres, and cabarets provide a unique opportunity to reflect on some of the practices of labour intermediation. Fragments of their experiences were recorded by a number of Brazilian police investigations carried out in order to expel "undesirable" foreigners under the Foreigners Expulsion Act of 1907. Such sources shed light on the work arrangements that made it possible for young women to travel overseas. The article discusses how degrees of autonomy, violence, and exploitation in the artists' work contracts were negotiated between parties at the time, especially by travelling young women whose social experiences shaped morally ambiguous identities as artists, prostitutes, and hired workers.Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentin

Injuries of non-lethal child physical abuse to the crania and orofacial regions: a scientific review

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited."The literature states that maltreatment in childhood and youth make up a problem on a global scale that exceeds ethnicities, religions, cultures, social and economic classes. It is also said that more than half of the injuries from maltreatment occur in the head and face. Assuming the particular relevance of orofacial structures, the dentist must know how to observe and recognize the indicators and properly diagnose the injury by maltreatment. This scientific review aimed to understand what types of intraoral lesions, signs or external lesions of the head or neck can be associated with child maltreatment. One primary database was searched so that systematic review articles and meta-analysis, case reports or case series of intraoral lesions, signs or external lesions of the head or neck by child maltreatment could be acquired. The references in the works acquired by electronic search were manually researched and the authors of all possibly relevant papers were contacted. In all searches inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Of the twenty two papers included two were systematic reviews and twenty were case reports or case series. The twenty articles of case reports or case series exposed information from thirty-five clinical cases included. Despite the limitations of scientific evidence it can be concluded that oral cavity, head and neck regions are home to multiple and diverse injuries by maltreatment of children and youngsters.

O sentido de divisão: uma experiência com alunos do 6.º ano de escolaridade

O presente artigo resulta da conceção, desenvolvimento e avaliação de um projeto de intervenção pedagógica supervisionada e centra-se em duas intervenções numa turma de 6.º ano de escolaridade. Com efeito, objetivou-se desenvolver o sentido de divisão nos alunos da mesma e, tendo por base uma metodologia de investigação de caráter qualitativo, procurou-se responder à questão de investigação: Onde se situam as dificuldades sentidas pelos alunos na resolução de problemas que envolvem a divisão em contextos de partilha e de medida?. Os resultados obtidos indiciaram que os alunos sentem efetivamente dificuldades na resolução de problemas que envolvem a divisão em contextos de partilha e de medida, sobretudo na realização de divisões por métodos formais e na verificação dos dados e resultados.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), PortugalFundos Nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efeito da reabilitação respiratória na microbiota pulmonar detetada na saliva de doentes com DPOC

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR), a comprehensive intervention that includes several components, one of which is exercise training, is the most cost-effective therapy for patients with COPD. Exercise training increases ventilation and oxygen uptake, which most likely influences airway microbiota. However, how this influence occurs is still poorly understood. This study aimed to study the impact of RR on pulmonary microbiota in patients with COPD by exploring the microbial composition, alpha and beta diversity. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and saliva samples (once a month) were collected from a group of patients over a period of ~ 9 months (~ 3 months before RR, 3 months during RR and 3 months after RR) and in another patient group for a period of 6 months (without RR). Saliva microbiota was characterized by 16s rRNA sequencing and analyzed using the QIIME2 pipeline. Twenty-five patients with COPD who underwent PR (19♂, 73±6y, FEV1pp 48±15) and 5 patients who never had PR (5♂, 75±6y, FEV1pp 48±13) participated in the study. A significant increase of Proteobacteria phylum and Neisseria genus from pre-PR to PR period was observed. LEfSe showed that pre-PR comparing with during PR, samples’ microbiotas are enriched in the genera Pseudomonas and Shingomonas and during PR samples’ microbiotas are enriched in Neisseria and Alloscardovia. When comparing the periods during PR with post-PR, LEfSe pointed Granulicatella and Acinetobacter as being enriched during PR period and Staphylococcus, Selenomonas and Pasteurellaceae family as being enriched in the post-PR period. Comparing pre-PR with post-PR periods, LEfSe pointed Granulicatella, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas and Enhydrobacter as being enriched in the pre-PR period and Pasteurellaceae family as being enriched in the post-PR period. No significant differences were observed in alfa diversity when comparing the different periods. LME model showed that time has a significant impact in alfa-diversity and that the interaction between PR and time passage are mainly contributing for microbiota dynamics, in non-phylogenetic metrics. PERMANOVA showed that microbiota does not converge per period. In conclusion, PR does not seem to significantly alter the structure of microbiota (alpha diversity) but changes composition. In general, alpha diversity is influenced by the passage of time and not by PR. Beta-diversity analyses showed that there is no microbiota convergence during or after PR. In non-phylogenetic metrics, microbiota dissimilarity is impacted by interaction between PR and time passage.A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC) é a terceira principal causa de mortalidade no mundo. A Reabilitação Respiratória (RR), uma intervenção compreensiva que, inclui várias componentes sendo uma delas o exercício físico, é a terapia mais custo-efetiva para os doentes com DPOC. O exercício físico aumenta a ventilação e captação de oxigénio, o que provavelmente influencia a microbiota das vias aéreas. No entanto, a forma como esta influência ocorre é ainda pouco compreendida. Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar o impacto da RR na microbiota pulmonar em doentes com DPOC explorando a composição microbiana, alfa e beta diversidade. Foram recolhidos dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e amostras de saliva (uma vez por mês) num grupo de doentes durante um período de ~9 meses (~3 meses antes da RR, 3 meses durante a RR e 3 meses após a RR) e noutro grupo de doentes durante um período de 6 meses (sem RR). A microbiota da saliva foi caracterizada pelo sequenciamento de 16s rRNA e analisada usando o pipeline QIIME2. Participaram no estudo 25 doentes com DPOC que realizaram RR (19♂, 73±6y, FEV1pp 48±15) e 5 doentes que nunca realizaram RR (5♂, 75±6y, FEV1pp 48±13). Observou-se um aumento significativo do filo Proteobacteria e do género Neisseria do período pré-RR para durante a RR. O LefSe mostrou que a microbiota das amostras do periodo pré-RR em comparação com o período durante a RR são enriquecidas nos géneros Pseudomonas e Shingomonas e a microbiota das amostras do período RR em comparação com o período pré-RR são enriquecidas em Neisseria e Alloscardovia. Comparando entre os períodos RR e pós-RR, o LEfSe apontou os géneros Granulicatella e Acinetobacter como sendo enriquecidas nas amostras do período RR e os géneros Staphylococcus, Selenomonas e a família Pasteurellaceae como sendo enriquecida no período pós-RP. Comparando o pré-PR com o período pós-PR, LEfSe apontou os géneros Granulicatella, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas e Enhydrobacter como sendo enriquecidas no período pré-PR e a família Pasteurellaceae como sendo enriquecida no período pós-PR. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na alfa-diversidade comparando os diferentes períodos. O modelo LME mostrou que o tempo tem um impacto significativo na alfa-diversidade e que a interação entre a RR e passagem no tempo contribui para a dinâmica da microbiota, em métricas não filogenéticas. A PERMANOVA mostrou que a microbiota não converge por período. Em conclusão, a RR não parece alterar significativamente a estrutura da microbiota (alfa-diversidade), mas sim a sua composição. Em geral, a alfa-diversidade é influenciada pela passagem do tempo e não pela RR. As análises da beta-diversidade mostram que não há convergência da microbiota durante nem apos a RR. Em métricas não filogenéticas, a dissemelhança da microbiota é influenciada pela interação entre a RR e a passagem do tempo.Mestrado em Biomedicina Molecula

Age estimation of unaccompanied minors: A portuguese overview

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License."In the past decade there has been a considerable increase in the number of unaccompanied asylum seeking children, many of whom appeared to be older than their given age. Dental age assessment has been included as part of the asylum seeking process in Portugal since the Law n. º 27/2008 dated 30 June (the “Asylum Law”). The legal framework of the forensic examination is based in biomedical ethics. The aim is to find the frequency of unaccompanied asylum seeking children with dental evidence of being older 18 years during the period between 2009 and 2013. In this period age estimations have been performed on 82 unaccompanied asylum seeking children whose given ages were queried by the Aliens and Bored Service – SEF, to the South Branch of National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences from Portugal. The dental development was studied on ortopantomograpic radiographs and the developing teeth staged from the tables according to Liversidge (2008), Mincer et al. (1993), Kullmanet al. (1992) and Haavikko (1970). If the dental development was complete, the dental age was estimated from Kvaal et al. (1995). The majority of the unaccompanied asylum seeking children clamed to came from Guinea Conakry, Nigeria, Guinea Bissau, Syria, Congo, Morocco and other African countries and non-African countries. There was no statistical significant difference between sexes. The majority gave the age as being 14 or 15 years (70%). Forty percent were found to be 18 years or older by the dental methods. Fifty percent were in need of dental treatment.