Universidades da terceira idade: duas décadas de intervenção em Portugal

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação - Especialidade em Educação Social e Intervenção ComunitáriaDesde o surgimento em 1978 da primeira universidade da terceira idade (UTI) em Portugal, que o número destas entidades tem vindo a aumentar tentando acompanhar o número de pessoas idosas em Portugal. O objetivo global da presente dissertação – Universidades da Terceira Idade: Duas Décadas de Intervenção em Portugal – é compreender as perspetivas, dinâmicas e procedimentos dos atores chave das universidades da terceira idade (UTI’s) nomeadamente os alunos, professores e elementos da direção. Esta questão de partida orientará a investigação feita em 3 diferentes UTI’s da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, situação que possibilita a descoberta de fatores contrastantes/destoantes de cada contexto. Para contextualizar o desenvolvimento das UTI’s foram utilizados os conceitos de envelhecimento ativo, aprendizagem ao longo da vida, sociedade do conhecimento e sociedade em rede evidenciando os principais acontecimentos e entidades que contribuíram para a sua operacionalização atual. Para alcançar os objetivos apresentados optou-se pelo paradigma naturalista ou interpretativo, com o recurso a métodos e técnicas de matriz qualitativa. O estudo desenvolve-se numa perspetiva qualitativa, exploratória e com características descritivas, pois pretende-se descrever cada contexto envolvido no estudo, a sua análise e compreensão. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas que foram objeto da análise de conteúdo tendo-se procedido à análise documental da oferta educativa de cada UTI. Concluiu-se que oferta educativa das UTI’s acompanha as transformações da sociedade do conhecimento sendo que estes organismos se apresentam como uma plataforma muito importante que acompanha os idosos nos campos da aprendizagem ao longo da vida, do envelhecimento ativo e das relações sociais tentando responder aos interesses e necessidades dos seus alunos. As UTI’s constituem uma resposta pertinente e sustentada contra situações de solidão e isolamento promovendo novos conhecimentos e relacionamentos. As UTI’s constituem uma opção a implementar valorizando as políticas sociais baseadas em abordagens positivas e preventivas do envelhecimento. - ABSTRACT Since 1978 when the first university of the third age has appeared in Portugal, its number has been rising, trying to follow the number of the elderly in Portugal. The main goal of this dissertation – Universities of the Third Age: Two Decades of Intervention in Portugal – is to understand the students, teachers and directive elements’ perspectives, dynamics and procedures. This will guide the investigation carried out in three different universities of the third age in Lisbon metropolitan area, which allows the discovery in each context of contrasting/differing factors. To contextualize the development of the universities of the third age, concepts like active ageing, lifelong learning, knowledge-based society and network society were used, ascertaining the main events and entities which have contributed to its implementation. To reach the presented goals a naturalistic or interpretive paradigm was chosen using qualitative methods and techniques. This study develops itself in a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive way since it’s intended the description of each context in the study, its analysis and understanding. Semi structured interviews were carried out, its content analyzed as well as the documental analysis of the educational offer in each university. The study concluded that the educational offer of the universities of the third age follows the knowledge-based society transformations and are an important platform that guides the elderly in lifelong learning, active ageing and social relations, answering the students’ interests and needs. The universities of the third age are a pertinent and underlain answer against solitude and isolation promoting knowledge and relationships. These universities could be implemented in order to value social politics based on ageing positive and preventive approaches

Síndrome de DRESS

DRESS syndrome (Drug Rash With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) is a type of an allergic reaction to drugs characterised by fever, rash, lymphadenopathy and involvement of internal organs, that by having a late presentation, it is often confused with infectious processes or other clinical conditions and thus not recognized and treated earlier.El Síndrome de DRESS (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) es una reacción alérgica a fármacos caracterizada por fiebre, rash cutáneo, linfadenopatías y afectación de órganos internos, que por tener una presentación tardía se confunde muchas veces con procesos infecciosos u otros cuadros clínicos, pudiendo de este modo no ser reconocida y tratada a tiempo

Uso de 2,4-D e GA3 no controle da queda natural da Laiwja "Hamlin"

Objetivando retardar a queda natural ou pré-colheita cie laranjas `Hffinlin', aplicaram-se ácida 2,4-dic1orofenoxiactico (2,4-D) e Acid° gibeiélico (GA3) em frutos nos estádios de maturação verde e, ou, em mudança de coloração. Foram pulverizados 2,4-D e GA3, respectivamente, nas concentrações de 20 mg/i, e 10 mgf,. No experimento, utilizou- se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco blocos e com os seguintes tratamentos: 1) testemunha; 2) 2,4-0, aplicado com os frutos verdes (FV); 3) 2,4-D, aplicado com os frutos em mudança de colora0o (FMC); 4) 2,4-D, aplicados com FV e com FMC; 5) GA3, aplicados com FV; 6) GA3, aplicado com FMC; 7) GAS, aplicado com FV e com FMC; 8) 2,4-D + GA3, aplicado com FV; 9) 2,4-D + GA3, aplicado com FMC; e 14} 2,4-D + GA3, aplicado com FV e com FMC. Avaliou-se a queda natural dos furtos peia contagem semanal de frutos caídos por planta.. O efeito dos reguladores sobre as caracteristicas físicas e químicas dos frutos foi avaliado quinzenalmente, determinando-se diâmetros longitudinal e equatorial, acidez titulável do suco, teor die sólidos solúveis do suco, porcentagem de suco, peso dos frutos, espessura da casca, resistência da casca à penetração da ponteira do penetrômetro e teor de clorofila total na casca.Aiming to . . delay «pre-harvest fruit drop of “Hamlinª orange trees, 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were applied on fruits in the following degrees of ripening: green fruits and/or fruits at color break. GA3 and 2,4-D were sprayed, respectively, at 20 mg/L and 10 (mg/L. A complete randomized block design was used with tive replications “and the folloWing treatments: ]) control; 2) 2,4-D, applied on green fruits; 3) 2,4-D, applied on fruits at color break; 4) 2,4-D, applied on green fruits and fruits at color break; 5) GA3, applied on green .zfruits; 6) GA3, applied on fruits at color break; 7) GA3, applied on green fruits and fruits at color break; 8) 2,4-D + GA3, applied on green fruits, 9) 2,4-D + GA3, applied on fruits at color break; 10) 2,4-D + GA3, applied on green fmits and fruits at color break. Natural fruit drºp was evaluated by dropped fruit counting per plant weekly. Growth regulators effects on physical and chemical fruit properties were fortnightly measured. In “Hamlinª trees, natural fruit drep, which usúally occurs during the pre-harvest period, was significantly delayed due to 2,4-D and GA3 applications. The attack of fruit Íly was also evaluated by counting the fruits attacked per plant weekly. The degree of ripening factor did not interfere with the 2,4-D application results. Two applications of GA3 (green fruits and fruits at color break) provided the best pre-harvest . &uit drop control. Longitudinal and equatorial fruit diameter, acidity, soluble solid content, juice percentage, pee] thickness and fruit weight were not affected by 2,4-D and GA3. Peel fruit strength, measured by a penetrometer, increased with GA3 applications, whereas a smaller peel chlorophyll degradation occurred when applying GA3 and 2,4-D GA3. Applications of GA3 decreased the susceptibility of fruit fly onset

Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study

Purpose In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28. Conclusions HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes