Tris(3-chloro­pentane-2,4-dionato-κ2 O,O′)iron(III)

In the title compound, [Fe(C5H6ClO2)3], the FeIII cation is situated on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated by six O atoms from three 3-chloro­pentane-2,4-dionate ligands in a slightly distorted octa­hedral environment. Fe—O bond lengths are in the range 1.9818 (18)–1.9957 (18) Å. The trans O—Fe—O angles are 169.06 (13) and 171.54 (8)°, whereas the corresponding cis angles are in the range 84.81 (10)–100.68 (12)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via C—H⋯Cl inter­actions

Linguistic Distances Based on Counting of Equal Sounds in Numerals from 1 to 10 in Different Language Groups

The relative frequency of equal sounds in pairs of adjacent numerals from 1 to 10 in languages of eleven language groups is a basis for calculation of linguistic distances. By this criterion, the Slavic languages form a cluster separated from all other tested languages. Of other languages, Avestan and Sanskrit are the closest to them. The Germanic languages form another cluster but this cluster is within the space of other tested languages, which are widely dispersed. This is an additional indication that the aboriginal Proto-Indo-European was Proto-Slavic and their speakers were the aboriginal Europeans: mainly the Y Chromosome haplogroup I, mtDNA haplogroup U people. In contact with newcomers of other language groups either the newcomers turned to Proto-Slavic, or the previously Proto-Slavic speakers lost their Proto-Slavic at all, or they turned the non-Indo-European newcomers into Indo-European. A novel time line for Nostratic studies is proposed

Creating XML Schemas for Lexicographical Projects: the Case of the Dictionary of the Slovene Literary Language of the 16th Century

The article discusses the strategies applied for creating XML Schemas in dictionary projects, based on experience gained during creation of the schema of the Dictionary of the Slovene Literary Language of the 16th Century, and it explains how the different possibilities of the construction of XML Schemas influence the lexicographical work and the subsequent use of the dictionary. Three general aspects to be considered in designing schemas for dictionary projects are described in the article: the content aspect, the practical aspect, and the technical aspect. On this basis, the decision on the formal description method of the structure in a given schema definition language is made and justified

Multi-Word Lexical Units in General Monolingual Explanatory Dictionaries of Slavic Languages

In the article, the typology and the macro- and microstructure positioning of multi- word lexical units in general monolingual explanatory dictionaries of five Slavic languages (Slovenian, Croatian, Slovak, Polish and Russian) are analysed. The research showed that MLUs in these dictionaries are most commonly treated on the microstructural level (with the exception of the newest general monolingual explanatory dictionary of Polish language), where typologically comparable or similar MLUs are treated in various microstructural sections, most commonly among dictionary examples and in various types of MLU sections. The differences in the treatment of MLUs can arise also from the specifics of the medium in which a dictionary was first published. The dictionaries built primarily for web and other digital environments are based on structured machine readable databases, therefore the MLUs are regarded as equivalent to single-word lexical units in the sense that they require as systematic and comprehensive a dictionary description as single-word lexical units. Consequently, the same types of data are normally afforded to these units. At the same time, such a shift in the treatment of MLUs can also be attributed to the development of lexicology, lexicography and meta-lexicography. In the newest dictionaries, the treatment of MLUs is influenced also by the research on user perspective and the possibility to incorporate a dictionary into language portals, while the comprehensive treatment of MLUs is motivated also by the potential of the dictionary data for the linguistic research, and the development of language technologies and natural language processing. With regard to the findings about the typology and positioning of MLUs in these dictionaries, the article also focuses on the treatment of MLUs in eSSKJ: The Dictionary of the Slovenian Standard Language, 3rd edition, the new monolingual general explanatory dictionary of the Slovenian language. In this dictionary, MLUs are treated in a similar way to single-word lexical units and are given relative autonomy in the dictionary structure

Changes on Fiber Surface During Prebleaching Comparing, Different Chlorine-Free Delignification Agents

Three methods for surface characteristics of fibers were used (selective staining of fibers, ESCA measurements, and charge determination) to follow the delignification process during prebleaching with ozone and peroxide. The results of each method were evaluated with respect to the particular action of each agent. The method of selective staining with cationic dyes offers us a simple way to characterize the reactivity of fiber surface covered with lignin. The catatonic dyes' absorbancies are in correlation with the amount of active sites that belong to lignin (mostly phenolic groups), representing the differences between the course of delignification caused by either ozone or peroxide

Continuity of European Languages from the Point of View of DNA Genealogy

The combination of linguistic and DNA Genealogy data indicates that the aboriginal Europeans, the Y Chromosome haplogroup I people were the Proto-Indo-Europeans and the Proto-Slavic speakers. In contact with newcomers of other language groups mixing took place. Either the newcomers were absorbed into the autochthonous Proto-Slavic community, or the native Proto-Slavic population was so effected by the immigrants that they lost their Slavic identity and formed a language, which remained Indo-European but no longer recognizable as specifically Slavic. The Kurgan Theory and the Pontic Steppe Theory of the Indo-European origin failed completely. The Neolithic Discontinuity Theory theory gives only a part of the necessary explanation. The Paleolithic Continuity Paradigm is superior to them, but it has to be adapted to the data presented by the DNA Genealogy about the timeframe and probable localities of past events

Aqueous phase synthesis, crystal structure and antimicrobial activity of 4-(substituted phenylazo)-3-methyl-4H-isoxazol-5-one azo dyes

3-Methyl-4H-isoxazol-5-one was synthesized at room temperature by simple stirring method from ethyl acetoacetate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in aqueous medium and coupled with diazotized substituted amine to form series of 4-(substituted phenylazo)-3-methyl-4H-isoxazol-5-ones through green chemistry. All the compounds formed were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, MS and elemental analysis. Crystal structure of novel 4-(4-fluorophenylazo)-3-methyl-4H-isoxazol-5-one was determined by the X-ray diffraction. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was studied against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenus and Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus, respectively. All synthesized compounds were found to be active against a gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Two compounds showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans close to standard greseofulvin.               KEY WORDS: Azo dyes, Substituted amines, Antibacterial and antifungal activity, X-ray diffraction, Spectroscopy, Green chemistry Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2018, 32(2), 249-257.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v32i2.

Analysis of changes in land use based one the selected indicators in the case of municipalities Tolmin and Kanal

The purpose of this study is to present and analyze the changes of basic, and land use on the space of the municipalities Tolmin and Kanal. It is based on the accepted spatial acts, which refer to the changes and completions of the spatial components of the middle-term and long-term social plan for the municipalities, the urban plans and the municipal spatial acts. The study is limited to the period between the years 1982 and 2012. The basic use is made out and analyzed for the entire area of both municipalities, whereas the land use only for town Tolmin with its surroundings and towns Kanal and Deskle with their surroundings. The basic use is represented on the maps in scale 1:75000 and 1:50000 and land use on the maps in scale 1:7500 and 1:17500. Calculations were made for surfaces and their parts of the entire area for all categories of basic and land use. Also differences between the surfaces and comparison of surfaces to the number of inhabitants were calculated. For analyzing results was used number of inhabitants from the years 2002 and 2014. The results show decrease of residential areas and best agricultural lands, but on the other side, increase of precincts of the central activities, activities of production and the green areas

Indikatorji pri homografih na portalu Franček

This article presents the system of indicators (or signposts) designed to distinguish between homographs when searching the dictionary parts of the Franček educational language portal for Slovenian. In dictionaries, homographs (or at least homonyms) are usually assigned numbers (or indices). Because these themselves do not provide any disambiguating information, we have prepared various types of indicators, such as part-of-speech, semantic, and other types. Semantic indicators mostly include hypernyms, synonyms, and domain information, as well as other types. The key properties of semantic indicators are their disambiguating ability among homographs, comprehensibility, and brevity. The indicators are intended for the target users of the Franček portal; that is, primary- and secondary-school students.V prispevku je predstavljen sistem indikatorjev, ki je bil zasnovan za razločevanje med homografi v procesu iskanja po slovarskem delu slovenskega pedagoškega jezikovnega portala Franček. V obstoječih slovarjih so namreč homografom (ali vsaj homonimom) za razločevanje med njimi navadno pripisane številke (indeksi), ki same po sebi ne omogočajo vsebinskega razločevanja. Zato smo za slovarski del portala Franček pripravili besednovrstne, pomenske in nekatere druge tipe indikatorjev. Kot pomenski indikatorji nastopajo zlasti nadpomenke, sinonimi, področne in opisne opredelitve. Kot ključne lastnosti pomenskih indikatorjev smo prepoznali razločevalnost med homografi, razumljivost in kratkost. Namenjeni so ciljnemu uporabniku portala Franček, torej osnovnošolskemu in srednješolskemu uporabniku