Estudo da eficiencia de separação em uma coluna de discos rotativos perfurados

Orientador: Elias Basile TambourgiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia QuimicaResumo: Extratores líquido ¿ líquido com discos rotativos tem sido utilizados nos mais diversos setores industriais. Estes extratores, também podem ser utilizados como alternativa tecnológica para processos convencionais de separação líquido ¿ líquido, dos quais podemos citar a purificação o antibióticos e do ácido fosfórico. Produzido através do ataque da rocha fosfática com ácido clorídrico. Com objetivo de obtermos experimentos comparativos das condições de inundação do extrator utilizando sistema bifásico, com transferência de soluto entre as fases, e estabelecermos as condições de transferência de massa no extrator de discos rotativos perfurados foram realizados experimentos com variações na geometria e nas condições operacionais do extrato. As variações estudadas na geometria do extrator foram o número de discos rotativos e a área livre de escoamento, as variações operacionais foram a velocidade de rotação e a relação entre as vazões das fases contínua e dispersa. O sistema adotado foi água ¿ n ¿ butanol ¿ ácido acético. Foram realizadas comparações entre os resultados obtidos experimentalmente com os resultados obtidos por correlações propostas por diversos outros pesquisadores para a velocidade característica, verificações da região de escomento em função da velocidade de rotação e foi proposta uma correlação para a determinação da eficiência de separação no extrator utilizado. Observou-se que o escoamento no interior do extrator é do tipo toroidal, que boas eficiências de separação foram obtidas mesmo a baixas velocidades de rotação dos discos e a correlação obtida descreveu os experimentos com um erro médio de 5%Abstract: : Rotary disc extractors have been utilized in different industrial sectors. Nevertheless this extractor can be used as technological alternative for many others conventional process of liquid ¿ liquid separation. Purification of antibiotics and fosforic acid are important examples of this used. The fosforic acid can be produced by the attack of phosfatic rock with chloridric acid. In an attempt to realize comparative experiments of flooding conditions, using bifase system with solute transport between fases and establish mass transfer conditions. Experiments were carried out at different operations conditions and extractor geometries. The different geometries of the rotary disc extractor used were, free area for flow and number of rotary disc. The differents operational conditions used were, disc rotating velocity and rate of fase¿s flow, continue and dispersed fases. The system utilized was water ¿ n-butanol ¿ acetic acid. The used solute substance was acetic acid. Comparactions of experimental results with results by correlations construct by other workers for characteristic velocity and verifications of flow region, how rotary velocity function, were realized. Also, a separation efficient correlation was construct to describe the studied extractor. The flow in the P.R.D.C. extractor is toroidal pattern, good separation efficiency have been observed and the observed correlation described the experimental results with 5% differenceMestradoMestre em Engenharia Químic

Jeans: a relação entre aspectos científicos, tecnológicos e sociais para o Ensino de Química

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Gas sensor properties of zno nanorods grown by chemical bath deposition

The present work shows a study about the growing of ZnO nanorods by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and its application as gas sensor. It was prepared ZnO nanorods and Au decorated ZnO nanorods and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas sensing response measurements. The results obtained by XRD show the growth of ZnO phase. It was possible to observe the formation of uniform dense well-aligned ZnO nanorods. The results obtained also revealed that Ag nanoparticles have decorated the surface of ZnO nanorods successfully. Au nanoparticles with diameter of a few nanometers were distributed over the ZnO surface nanorods. The gas sensing response measurements showed a behavior of n type semiconductor. Furthermore, the Au-functionalized ZnO nanorods gas sensors showed a considerably enhanced response at 250 and 300 °C

Electrical Properties at Grain Boundaries Influenced by Cr3+ Diffusion in SnO2.ZnO.Nb2O5-Films Varistor Prepared by Electrophoresis Deposition

SnO2-based varistors are strong candidates to replace the ZnO-based varistors due to ordering fewer additives to improve its electrical behavior as well as by showing similar nonlinear characteristics of ZnO varistors. In this work, SnO2-nanoparticles based-varistors with addition of 1.0 %mol of ZnO and 0.05 %mol of Nb2O5 were synthesized by chemical route. SnO2.ZnO.Nb2O5-films with 5 μm of thickness were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of the nanoparticles on Si/Pt substrate from alcoholic suspension of SnO2-based powder. The sintering step was carried out in a microwave oven at 1000 °C for 40 minutes. Then, Cr3+ ions were deposited on the films surface by EPD after the sintering step. Each sample was submitted to different thermal treatments to improve the varistor behavior by diffusion of ions in the samples. The films showed a nonlinear coefficient (α) greater than 9, breakdown voltage (VR) around 60 V, low leakage current (IF ≈ 10-6 A), height potential barrier above 0.5 eV and grain boundary resistivity upward of 107 Ω.cm

Influence of the preparation route on the structural, morphological and spectroscopic properties of SrTiO3 and SrTiO3:eu3+ powders

This research shows the influence of the synthesis route in the structural and morphological characteristics as well as in the luminescent properties of doped with europium and pure SrTiO3 (STO) powders prepared by microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis, MWH, and by the polymeric precursor method, PPM. The XRD at room temperature of the STO powders nominally pure obtained by PPM at 700°C for 3 hours, as well as by the MWH at 190°C by 30 minutes present all the reflection peaks for the cubic perovskite structure (JCPDS-ICDD 35-734). The morphology varies according to the synthesis route. The particles of pure STO obtained by PPM presents morphology in the form of plates and the morphology of the particles synthesized by MWH is spherical with approximately 150 nm. The photoluminescent analysis shows for pure STO wide bands associated with the transition of charge transfer from the titanates group (TiO3)2- that are centered on 450 nm. In both preparation methods the emission bands obtained in the composites spectra were found to be asymmetric and low intense. However, in the case of the STO prepared by the PPM a bigger FWHM of the band can be observed. The excitation of the samples was done using a laser (Coherent Innova) with wavelength of 350 nm

Photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine-B using scandium and silver-modified TiO2 Powders

Semiconductor-mediated photocatalytic oxidation is an interesting method for water decontamination and a specially modified TiO2 is said to be a promising material. This study verified that the synthesis of 1wt%Ag modified-Sc0.01Ti0.99O1.995 powder samples prepared by Polymeric Precursor Method is capable of forming a mixture of anatase-rutile phase with high photocatalytic performance. This kind of material is found to have a lower bandgap compared to the TiO2-anatase commercial powders, which can be associated to an innovative hybrid modification. The simultaneous insertion of scandium in order to generate a p-type semiconductor and a metallic silver nanophase acting as an electron trapper demonstrated being capable of enhancing the degradation of rhodamine B compared to the commercial TiO2. In spite of the different thermal treatments or phase amounts, the hybrid modified powder samples showed higher photocatalytic activity than the commercial ones

Electrophoretic deposition of (Zn, Nb)SnO2-films varistor superficially modified with Cr3+

Recently, there has been an important rise in the research and development aimed to improve the properties of SnO2-based varistors. Meanwhile, due to fact that ZnO-based varistors possess better electrical properties compared to SnO2-based varistors, it is shown that it is needful to add additives to improve their properties. In our study, the SnO2-powder was prepared by the chemical route (Pechini method) with addition of ZnO (1 mol%) and Nb2O5 (0.05 mol%). Films were obtained by the electrophoretic deposition of SnO2-based powder, following by microwave oven sintering. Cr3+ was deposited by EPD on the films surface and thermal treatment was carried out in a microwave oven. After electrical characterization the films showed nonlinear coefficient over 10, breakdown voltage around 60 V, low leakage current (approximate to 10(-6) A) and resistance over 200 kg cm. This indicates the efficiency of the used techniques to prepare varistor films with improved electrical properties after Cr3+ diffusion. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Novel Route for Fabrication of ZnO nanorods-Au Nanoparticles Hybrids Directly Supported on Substrate and their Application as Gas Sensors

<div><p>The aim of this study was to develop a novel, simple and fast route to prepare ZnO nanorods (NRs) -Au nanoparticles (NPs) hybrids directly supported on a substrate to be used in gas sensor devices. The ZnO NRs were promptly grown on interdigitated Au electrodes Al2O3 substrates by chemical bath deposition at a low temperature. After that, Au NPs were deposited by sputtering. Results obtained by XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM showed the perpendicularly aligned growth of the ZnO NRs with a hexagonal base on the substrate and the Au NPs homogeneously covered the ZnO NRs surface. The ZnO NRs-Au NPs hybrids-based sensor exhibited an improved sensor response for H2 and O2 gases compared to the ZnO NRs at 300 ºC. Due to the ability to prepare homogeneous hybrids with high surface directly supported on the substrate; the developed route might provide a convenient approach to preparing gas sensor devices.</p></div

Novel Route for Fabrication of ZnO nanorods-Au Nanoparticles Hybrids Directly Supported on Substrate and their Application as Gas Sensors

<div><p>The aim of this study was to develop a novel, simple and fast route to prepare ZnO nanorods (NRs) -Au nanoparticles (NPs) hybrids directly supported on a substrate to be used in gas sensor devices. The ZnO NRs were promptly grown on interdigitated Au electrodes Al2O3 substrates by chemical bath deposition at a low temperature. After that, Au NPs were deposited by sputtering. Results obtained by XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM showed the perpendicularly aligned growth of the ZnO NRs with a hexagonal base on the substrate and the Au NPs homogeneously covered the ZnO NRs surface. The ZnO NRs-Au NPs hybrids-based sensor exhibited an improved sensor response for H2 and O2 gases compared to the ZnO NRs at 300 ºC. Due to the ability to prepare homogeneous hybrids with high surface directly supported on the substrate; the developed route might provide a convenient approach to preparing gas sensor devices.</p></div

Estudo da corrosão de cadinhos de SnO2-ZnO, na fusão de vidros contendo metais pesados

Neste trabalho foi estudada resistência de cadinhos de SnO2 dopados com 1%mol de ZnO frente a corrosão na fusão de vidro contendo metais pesados. Os cadinhos foram obtidos através do processo de colagem de barbotina, e a sinterização foi realizada até a temperatura de 1400ºC por 4 horas. Os vidros foram fundidos uma única vez por 1 hora, sendo que o vidro de composição 50B2O3-50PbO à 700 ºC, o de composição 60B2O3-40BaO à 1150 ºC e o de composição 66,67B2O3-33,33PbO à 700 ºC, sendo resfriados no interior dos cadinhos. Estes cadinhos foram então preparados e analisados por MEV-EDS.In this work it was studied resistance of crucibles of SnO2 doped with 1%mol of ZnO when they are submitted to thermal treatment for melting glass with heavy metals. The crucibles were obtained through the slip casting process, and the sintering temperature was 1400ºC by 4 hours. The glass composition of 50B2O3-50PbO, 60B2O3-40BaO and 66,67B2O3-33,33PbO was melted at 700ºC, 1150ºC and 700ºC respectively. All these glasses compositions were melted only one time for 1h and chilled inside the crucibles. These crucibles were analyzed by SEM-EDS.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES