Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanolik Buah Takokak (Solanum torvum Swartz) terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis pada Mencit Putih Jantan Balb/C dengan Metode Bersihan Karbon

Solanum torvum Swartz (Solanaceae), known as takokak is a medicinal plant which has phagocytosis activity. Takokak plant usage with intent to suppress or reduce viral and bacterial intracellular infections, to improve immunodeficiency condition or as growth stimulant of body's immune cells in the immune system. This study was aimed to determine ability of takokak extract to increase the phagocytosis activity. This study used eight groups of white male mice each group six mice. Mice were given the test preparation once daily for seven days sequently. Group I: negative control 1% CMC-Na; group II: positive control dexamethasone 2 mg/kg bw mice; group III until VIII were given takokak ethanol extract dose of 37.5 mg/kg bw, 75 mg/kg bw, 150 mg/kg bw, 400 mg/kg bw, 500 mg/kg bw, 600 mg/kg bw respectively. Phagocytosis activity test data were analyzed using one way ANOVA test. The results showed that ethanol extract of takokak could increasing the phagocytosis activity and capacity of macrophages in Balb/c mice induced carbon clearance with carbon dose of 5 mg/kg bw.Solanum torvum Swartz (Solanaceae) yang dikenal sebagai takokak adalah tanaman obat yang memiliki aktivitas fagositosis. Pemakaian tanaman takokak dengan maksud untuk menekan atau mengurangi infeksi virus dan bakteri intraseluler, memperbaiki imunodefisiensi atau sebagai perangsang pertumbuhan sel-sel pertahanan tubuh dalam sistem imunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak buah takokak dalam meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 kelompok mencit putih jantan Balb/c masing-masing sebanyak enam mencit. Mencit diberi sediaan uji sekali sehari selama tujuh hari berturut-turut. Kelompok I: kontrol negatif CMC-Na 1%; kelompok II: kontrol positif deksametason 2 mg/kg BB; kelompok III sampai VIII diberi ekstrak buah takokak berturut-turut dengan dosis 37,5 mg/kg BB; 75 mg/kg BB, 150 mg/kg BB; 400 mg/kg BB; 500 mg/kg BB; 600 mg/kg BB. Data hasil uji aktivitas fagositosis dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova satu jalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah takokak mempunyai pengaruh meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis pada mencit Balb/c yang diberi suspensi karbon dengan dosis sebesar 5 mg/kg BB mencit

The impact of foreign trades on emerging market liquidity

Abstract not availableYessy Peranginangin, Akbar Z. Ali, Paul Brockman, Ralf Zurbrueg

KARAKTERISASI FISIKOKIMIA NANOKALSIUM HASIL EKSTRAKSI TULANG IKAN NILA MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN BASA DAN ASAM [Physicochemical Characterization of Nano Calcium from Tilapia Bone Extracted by Alkaline and Acid Solution]

KARAKTERISASI FISIKOKIMIA NANOKALSIUM HASIL EKSTRAKSI TULANG IKAN NILA MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN BASA DAN ASAM[Physicochemical Characterization of Nano Calcium from Tilapia Bone Extracted by Alkaline and Acid Solution]Vanessa Lekahena1)*, Didah Nur Faridah2), Rizal Syarief2) dan R. Peranginangin3) 1) Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Muhammadiyah Maluku Utara, Ternate2) Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor3) Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Jakarta Diterima 26 Maret 2013 / Disetujui 29 April 2014 ABSTRACT The utilization of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) bones as a source of natural calcium was done by alkaline (NaOH) and acid (HCl) extraction. The extraction process aims to soften the bones are milled using disc mill into nano sized calcium powder or nanocalcium. The objective of this research was to study the physicochemical properties of nanocalcium obtained from alkaline and acid extraction of tilapia bones. The results of physicochemical analysis properties of nanocalcium sample showed that nanocalcium extracted by alkaline solution had better properties than that of the untreated sample and nanocalcium extracted by acid solution. The results was indicated by the higher yield, brighter colors, smaller particle size, and calcium content (20.67%) and phosphorus (10.09%) with a ratio of Ca/P = 2.0. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra profile indicated the presence of  phosphate group (PO43-) at the bands of 469, 563, 603, 961 and 1035 cm-1, and the presence of  apatite carbonate group (CO32-) was  indicated by intense bands at 873, 1416, 1456 and 1563 cm-1. The morphology of the sampel surface of the  alkaline extracted sample was  smoother, denser, and the grain size formed were relatively larger. The formed crystalline phases were HAp (hydroxyapatite), carbonate apatite type A [Ca10(PO4)6CO3] and B [Ca10(PO4)3(CO3)3(OH)2] with crystalline degree of 78.4%