Burmuineko infragorri hurbileko espektroskopia seinaleetan oinarritutako bihotz-maiztasuna eta arnasketa-maiztasuna neurtzeko algoritmoak

Proiektu honen muina, burmuineko oxigenazio maila neurtzen duen NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy) teknika ez-inbaditzailearen egokitasuna frogatzea da, pazientearen bihotz eta arnasketa maiztasunak estimatzerako orduan. Larrialdi egoeretan, pazientearen oxigenazioaren monitorizazioa beharrezkoa denean, gaur eguneko teknika erabiliena pultsu oximetria da, oxigenazio maila atzamarrean neurtzen duena PPG (Photoplethysmogram) seinalearen bitartez. Teknika hau ordea, ez da guztiz eraginkorra pazienteak egoera hemodinamiko konprometitua duenean, izan ere, sistema kardiobaskularrak biziraupenerako ezinbestekoak diren organoei ematen die lehentasuna, hau da, burmuin eta bihotzari, eta pultsu oximetriak ez du funtsezkoak diren bi organo horietan oxigenazio maila neurtzen. Azken urteotan, PPG sistemaren gabeziak osatzeko eta beraz, bai garuneko eta baita bihotzeko oxigenazio maila egokia dela egiaztatzeko, NIRS teknika medikuntza esparru askotan aplikatzen ari da, kirurgia kardiobasularraren monitorizazioan esaterako. NIRS teknikaren bidez burmuineko oxigenazioaz gain pazientearen beste hainbat parametro fisiologikoren neurketa posible izango balitz, arnasketa eta bihotz maiztasunak adibidez, aurrerapauso handia izango litzateke bihotz-biriketako berpiztearen arloan. NIRS seinalea bizi-konstante hauek estimatzeko seinale baliogarria dela egiaztatzea du helburu proiektu honek. Hori lortzeko, hainbat azpi-helburu bete beharko dira. Hasteko, pazientearen seinale fisiologikoak biltegiratzen dituen datu baseko bularreko inpedantzia eta EKG seinaleen markaketa gauzatuko da, ondoren hainbat algoritmotan aplikatuak izateko. Diseinatuko diren algoritmoak hiru zatitan banandu daitezke. Alde batetik, oxyhemoglobina seinalearen pikoen detekzioa gauzatzen duen algoritmoa garatuko da. Bestetik, hortik abiatuz eta beste hainba

Network Coding-Based Next-Generation IoT for Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 has become the main source of applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), which is generating new business opportunities. The use of cloud computing and artificial intelligence is also showing remarkable improvements in industrial operation, saving millions of dollars to manufacturers. The need for time-critical decision-making is evidencing a trade-off between latency and computation, urging Industrial IoT (IIoT) deployments to integrate fog nodes to perform early analytics. In this chapter, we review next-generation IIoT architectures, which aim to meet the requirements of industrial applications, such as low-latency and highly reliable communications. These architectures can be divided into IoT node, fog, and multicloud layers. We describe these three layers and compare their characteristics, providing also different use-cases of IIoT architectures. We introduce network coding (NC) as a solution to meet some of the requirements of next-generation communications. We review a variety of its approaches as well as different scenarios that improve their performance and reliability thanks to this technique. Then, we describe the communication process across the different levels of the architecture based on NC-based state-of-the-art works. Finally, we summarize the benefits and open challenges of combining IIoT architectures together with NC techniques

On the combination of multi-cloud and network coding for cost-efficient storage in industrial applications

The adoption of both Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and the Internet-of-Things (IoT) has enabled the evolution towards the so-called Industry 4.0. These technologies, together with cloud computing and artificial intelligence, foster new business opportunities. Besides, several industrial applications need immediate decision making and fog computing is emerging as a promising solution to address such requirement. In order to achieve a cost-efficient system, we propose taking advantage from spot instances, a new service offered by cloud providers, which provide resources at lower prices. The main downside of these instances is that they do not ensure service continuity and they might suffer from interruptions. An architecture that combines fog and multi-cloud deployments along with Network Coding (NC) techniques, guarantees the needed fault-tolerance for the cloud environment, and also reduces the required amount of redundant data to provide reliable services. In this paper we analyze how NC can actually help to reduce the storage cost and improve the resource efficiency for industrial applications, based on a multi-cloud infrastructure. The cost analysis has been carried out using both real AWS EC2 spot instance prices and, to complement them, prices obtained from a model based on a finite Markov chain, derived from real measurements. We have analyzed the overall system cost, depending on different parameters, showing that configurations that seek to minimize the storage yield a higher cost reduction, due to the strong impact of storage cost.This work has been partially supported by the Basque Government through the Elkartek program (Grant agreement no. KK-2018/00115), the H2020 research framework of the European Commission under the ELASTIC project (Grant agreement no. 825473), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the CARMEN project (TEC2016-75067-C4-3-R), the ADVICE project (TEC2015-71329-C2-1-R), and the COMONSENS network (TEC2015-69648-REDC)

On the combination of multi-cloud and network coding for cost-efficient storage in industrial applications

The adoption of both Cyber–Physical Systems (CPSs) and the Internet-of-Things (IoT) has enabled the evolution towards the so-called Industry 4.0. These technologies, together with cloud computing and artificial intelligence, foster new business opportunities. Besides, several industrial applications need immediate decision making and fog computing is emerging as a promising solution to address such requirement. In order to achieve a cost-efficient system, we propose taking advantage from spot instances, a new service offered by cloud providers, which provide resources at lower prices. The main downside of these instances is that they do not ensure service continuity and they might suffer from interruptions. An architecture that combines fog and multi-cloud deployments along with Network Coding (NC) techniques, guarantees the needed fault-tolerance for the cloud environment, and also reduces the required amount of redundant data to provide reliable services. In this paper we analyze how NC can actually help to reduce the storage cost and improve the resource efficiency for industrial applications, based on a multi-cloud infrastructure. The cost analysis has been carried out using both real AWS EC2 spot instance prices and, to complement them, prices obtained from a model based on a finite Markov chain, derived from real measurements. We have analyzed the overall system cost, depending on different parameters, showing that configurations that seek to minimize the storage yield a higher cost reduction, due to the strong impact of storage cost

Taxonomy of Coding Techniques for Efficient Network Communications

Internet Research Task Force, Request For Comments (RFC) 8406, https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8406/This document summarizes recommended terminology for Network Coding concepts and constructs. It provides a comprehensive set of terms in order to avoid ambiguities in future IRTF and IETF documents on Network Coding. This document is the product of the Coding for Efficient Network Communications Research Group (NWCRG), and it is in line with the terminology used by the RFCs produced by the Reliable Multicast Transport (RMT) and FEC Framework (FECFRAME) IETF working groups

Euskarazko ahozko grabazioen edukia egiaztatzeko sistema

[EU]Ahots teknologiaren garapenaren gorakadak, hizketan minusbaliotasunen bat duten pertsonen eguneroko bizitza ahalik eta erosoena egitearen saiakerarekin batera, Aholab ikerkuntza taldea ZURE TTS proiektua garatzera eraman du, proiektuaren helburua ahots minusbaliotasun batez jota dauden edo ahotsa guztiz galdu duten pertsonentzat hizketa sintetizadore bat garatzea delarik. Ahots sintetizatua lortzeko, ahots emaileek grabatutako esaldiez osatutako ahots naturaleko corpus bat hartzen da oinarritzat. Sintesi prozesua ahalik eta kalitate altuenekoa izateko, nahitaezkoa da datu basean gordeta dagoen ahotsa egokia izatea, eta horregatik, burutuko den proiektuak grabazioen edukiaren egiaztatzaile bat garatzea du helburu, erabiltzaileak irakurritako esaldiak zuzenak diren edo ez egiaztatzen dituena, horrela ahots sintetizatuaren kalitatea bermatuz.[ES]El creciente desarrollo de las tecnologías del habla junto con el intento de dar la máxima comodidad en su vida diaria a personas con minusvalía en dicha área, ha llevado al grupo de investigación Aholab a crear el proyecto ZURE TTS, cuyo objetivo es desarrollar un sintetizador de voz para personas afectadas por algún tipo de minusvalía del habla o pérdida total de la voz. Para conseguir la voz sintetizada, se utiliza como base un corpus de voz natural formado por frases grabadas por donantes de voz. Es imprescindible que la voz almacenada en la base de datos sea adecuada para que el proceso de síntesis sea de la mayor calidad posible, por lo que el proyecto a realizar tiene como objetivo crear un verificador del contenido de las grabaciones que verifique si la frase que ha leído el usuario es correcta, garantizando así la calidad de la voz sintetizada.[EN]The increasing development of speech technology with the attempt to give people with any speech disability the maximum comfort in their daily life, has lead the research group Aholab to create the project called ZURE TTS, which aim is to develop a speech synthesizer for people affected by speech disabilities or total loss of voice. To obtain the synthesized voice, it is used as basis a corpus of natural voice composed of sentences recorded by voice donors. It is essential that the voice stored in the data base is appropriate so that the synthesis process is of the highest possible quality. Thus the project to be performed has the objective of create a verifier of the content of the records, that verify if the sentence read by the user is correct or not and in that way, guarantee the quality of the synthesized voice

Burmuineko infragorri hurbileko espektroskopia seinaleetan oinarritutako bihotz-maiztasuna eta arnasketa-maiztasuna neurtzeko algoritmoak

Proiektu honen muina, burmuineko oxigenazio maila neurtzen duen NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy) teknika ez-inbaditzailearen egokitasuna frogatzea da, pazientearen bihotz eta arnasketa maiztasunak estimatzerako orduan. Larrialdi egoeretan, pazientearen oxigenazioaren monitorizazioa beharrezkoa denean, gaur eguneko teknika erabiliena pultsu oximetria da, oxigenazio maila atzamarrean neurtzen duena PPG (Photoplethysmogram) seinalearen bitartez. Teknika hau ordea, ez da guztiz eraginkorra pazienteak egoera hemodinamiko konprometitua duenean, izan ere, sistema kardiobaskularrak biziraupenerako ezinbestekoak diren organoei ematen die lehentasuna, hau da, burmuin eta bihotzari, eta pultsu oximetriak ez du funtsezkoak diren bi organo horietan oxigenazio maila neurtzen. Azken urteotan, PPG sistemaren gabeziak osatzeko eta beraz, bai garuneko eta baita bihotzeko oxigenazio maila egokia dela egiaztatzeko, NIRS teknika medikuntza esparru askotan aplikatzen ari da, kirurgia kardiobasularraren monitorizazioan esaterako. NIRS teknikaren bidez burmuineko oxigenazioaz gain pazientearen beste hainbat parametro fisiologikoren neurketa posible izango balitz, arnasketa eta bihotz maiztasunak adibidez, aurrerapauso handia izango litzateke bihotz-biriketako berpiztearen arloan. NIRS seinalea bizi-konstante hauek estimatzeko seinale baliogarria dela egiaztatzea du helburu proiektu honek. Hori lortzeko, hainbat azpi-helburu bete beharko dira. Hasteko, pazientearen seinale fisiologikoak biltegiratzen dituen datu baseko bularreko inpedantzia eta EKG seinaleen markaketa gauzatuko da, ondoren hainbat algoritmotan aplikatuak izateko. Diseinatuko diren algoritmoak hiru zatitan banandu daitezke. Alde batetik, oxyhemoglobina seinalearen pikoen detekzioa gauzatzen duen algoritmoa garatuko da. Bestetik, hortik abiatuz eta beste hainba

Homomorphic encryption and network coding in IoT architectures: Advantages and future challenges

The introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) is creating manifold new services and opportunities. This new technological trend enables the connection of a massive number of devices among them and with the Internet. The integration of IoT with cloud platforms also provides large storage and computing capabilities, enabling Big Data analytics and bidirectional communication between devices and users. Novel research directions are showing that Network Coding (NC) can increase the robustness and throughput of wireless networks, as well as that Homomorphic Encryption (HE) can be used to perform computations in the cloud while maintaining data privacy. In this paper, we overview the benefits of NC and HE along the entire vertical of cloud-based IoT architectures. By merging both technologies, the architecture may offer manifold advantages: First, it provides end-to-end data privacy, from end-devices to end-users. Second, sensitive data can be stored in public cloud platforms without concern about their privacy. In addition, clouds can perform advanced operations in a confidential manner, without the need to access actual data. Finally, latency can be reduced and the reliability of the system is increased. We show state-of-the-art works that demonstrate the role of both technologies in this type of architectures on a review basis. Furthermore, we describe the main characteristics of NC and HE and also discuss their benefits and limitations, as well as the emerging open challenges

Homomorphic encryption and network coding in IoT architectures: Advantages and future challenges

The introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) is creating manifold new services and opportunities. This new technological trend enables the connection of a massive number of devices among them and with the Internet. The integration of IoT with cloud platforms also provides large storage and computing capabilities, enabling Big Data analytics and bidirectional communication between devices and users. Novel research directions are showing that Network Coding (NC) can increase the robustness and throughput of wireless networks, as well as that Homomorphic Encryption (HE) can be used to perform computations in the cloud while maintaining data privacy. In this paper, we overview the benefits of NC and HE along the entire vertical of cloud-based IoT architectures. By merging both technologies, the architecture may offer manifold advantages: First, it provides end-to-end data privacy, from end-devices to end-users. Second, sensitive data can be stored in public cloud platforms without concern about their privacy. In addition, clouds can perform advanced operations in a confidential manner, without the need to access actual data. Finally, latency can be reduced and the reliability of the system is increased. We show state-of-the-art works that demonstrate the role of both technologies in this type of architectures on a review basis. Furthermore, we describe the main characteristics of NC and HE and also discuss their benefits and limitations, as well as the emerging open challenges

Fog to cloud and network coded based architecture: minimizing data download time for smart mobility

Industry 4.0 applications foster new business opportunities, but they also pose new and challenging requirements, such as low latency communications and highly reliable systems. They would likely exploit novel wireless technologies (5G), but it would also become crucial using architectures that appropriately support them. In this sense, the combination of fog and cloud computing represents a potential solution, since it can dynamically allocate the workload depending on the specific needs of each application. In this paper, our main goal is to provide a highly reliable and dynamic architecture, which minimizes the time that an end node or user, spends in downloading the required data. In order to achieve this, we have developed an optimal distribution algorithm that decides the amount of information that should be stored at, or retrieved from, each node, to minimize the overall data download time. Our scheme is based on various parameters and it exploits Network Coding (NC) as a tool for data distribution, as a key enabler of the proposed solution. We compare the performance of the proposed scheme with other alternative solutions, and the results show that there is a clear gain in terms of the download time.This work has been partially supported by the Basque Government through the ADDISEND Elkartek program (Grant agreement no. KK-2018/00115), the DIGITAL Elkartek program (Grant agreement no. KK-2019/00095), the H2020 research framework of the European Commission under the ELASTIC project (Grant agreement no. 825473), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the CARMEN project (TEC2016-75067-C4-3-R), the ADVICE project (TEC2015-71329-C2-1-R), the FIERCE project (RTI2018-093475-A-100) and the COMONSENS network (TEC2015-69648-REDC)