Role of agrotechnical elements in sustainable wheat and maize production

In conventional crop production the yield increasing was based on the huge industrial chemical inputs and new genotypes of cereals. This extreme external input use could modified the resilience, adaptive capacity and sustainability of different crop models. The effects of different crop management factors were studied in long- term experiments on chernozem soil in Eastern Hungary. The fertilizer responses of wheat varieties depended on the crop year (6.5-8.2 t ha -1 in 2011-2014 years) and the genotype (in 2012 the difference was 2.7 t ha -1 among genotypes). The optimum N(+PK) dose varied between 30-150 kg ha -1 in different crop years. The N-doses over optimum caused NO 3 -N accumulation in chernozem soil (from 32 mg kg -1 to 170 mg kg -1 ) . In sustainable maize production the fertilization resulted high yield surpluses in average (2.0-4.1 t ha -1 ) a nd rainy (2.1-5.4 t ha -1 ) crop year in our long-term experiment (in 1986-2014 years). The yield increasing of irrigation were agronomically effective only in dry crop years (3.3-4.9 t ha -1 ) and they were very limited in average (1.2-1.3 t ha -1 ) and rainy (0-0.2 t ha -1 ) crop year (in 1986-2014 years) The optimum fertilization could improve WUE in maize production

Plant density impact on grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids on chernozem soil of the Eastern Hungary

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The effect of genotype and cropyear on the yield and the phytopathological traits of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)

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The interactive effects of quality and quantity parameters on winter wheat variety and hybrid on chernozem soil

Wheat production is a determining branch within Hungarian crop production (near 1 million hectares). Weather anomalies caused by climatic change confirmed the importance of biological basis (variety, hybrid) in wheat production. The adapting ability and reaction of different wheat genotypes towards nutrient supply were studied in a long-term field experiment on chernozem soil type in case of different pre-crops (sweet corn, sunflower and maize). According to the experimental results of the vegetation 2017/2018 the most highest yield amount of the variety Ingenio sown after the pre-crop sunflower ranged between 2710 kg ha-1 and 8710 kg ha-1, while the hybrid (Hyland) in case of the pre-crop sweet maize between 6556 kg ha-1 and 9270 kg ha-1 depending on the applied nutrient supply level. The studied genotypes showed the highest quality (protein, gluten) in case of the pre-crop sweet maize. In the cropyear of 2017/2018, the protein content of Ingenio ranged between 12.2-14.8%, while the Hyland in case of the pre-crops sweet corn between 9.9-13.9%. The gluten content of the Ingenio genotype changed between 24.9-32.5%, in the case of Hyland ranged between 16.9-27.3% in the studied cropyear

Correlation between fertilization and baking quality of winter wheat cultivars

In a long-term experiment, a complex study of the baking quality parameters of four modern winter wheat genotypes (GK Csillag, Mv Csárdás, Mv Toldi, GK Békés) was carried out in fertilizer treatments with increasing dosages (control, N60+PK, N120+PK) in two different years (2013 and 2014) on chernozem soil in Eastern Hungary. In the control and the N120+PK treatments, the protein content ranged within the boundaries of 8.88-11.46% (in 2013) and 6.73-11.19% (in 2014) and 11.03-13.30% (in 2013) and 10.53-14.29% (in 2014), respectively. The wet gluten content values were 24.88-37.18% (in 2013) and 18.03-23.53% (in 2014) in the control and 35.30-43.16% and 33.28-39.10% in the N120+PK treatment. Using Pearson’s correlation analysis, a tight correlation was found between fertilization and the protein content (r = 0.571**-0.739**) and between fertilization and the wet gluten content (r = 0.587**-0.859**). A medium correlation was observed between fertilization and the farinographic value (r = 0.275-0.484**) and between fertilization and gluten elasticity (r = 0.322**-0.466**). Fertilization did not have an impact on the falling number (r = -0.014-0.226). Strong correlation was found between the protein and the wet gluten contents (r = 0.817**-0.950**)

New results of nutrient utilization and response of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids

Abstract In a long-term experiment, the fertilizer response of 10 maize hybrids of different genotypes was studied on chernozem soil in a favourable year. The yields of the hybrids varied between 9500 and 18600 kg ha -1 depending upon the fertilizer treatment and the genotype. The excellent nutrient and water management of the chernozem soil was proved by the high yield (9500 -14600 kg ha -1 ) obtained in the control. Even in such a good soil, the maize hybrids demanded fertilization and responded to it with a high yield increasement (3200 -6500 kg ha -1 ). From among the tested hybrids, 8 hybrids gave the highest yield in the N 120 +PK treatment, while 2 hybrids reached their maximum yield in the N 150 +PK fertilizer treatment (13500 -18600 kg ha -1 depending upon the hybrid). The water utilization of maize was improved as a result of the optimum fertilization. The water-use efficiency (WUE) was 30.35 kg mm -1 , while it increased to 42.22 kg mm -1 at the optimum fertilizer dosage (N 120 +PK). The natural nutrient utilization ability (yield in the control treatment) and the yield obtained at the optimum fertilizer dosage (N 120 +PK and N 150 +PK) were used in a special coordinate system

Long-term experiments on chernozem soil in the University of Debrecen

The impact of agrotechnical management practices (nutrient and water supply, crop rotation, crop protection, genotype) on the yields of winter wheat and maize and on the soil water and nutrient cycles was studied in long-term experiments set up in 1983 in Eastern Hungary on chernozem soil. The long-term experiments have shown that nitrogen fertilizer rates exceeding the N-optimum of winter wheat resulted in the accumulation of NO3-N in the soil. Winter wheat varieties can be classified into four groups based on their natural nutrient utilization and their fertilizer response. The fertilizer responses of wheat varieties depended on crop year (6.5–8.9 t ha-1 maximum yields in 2011–2015 years) and the genotypes (in 2012 the difference was ~3 t ha-1 among varieties). The optimum N(+PK) doses varied between 30–150 kg ha-1 in different crop years. In maize production fertilization, irrigation and crop rotation have decision role on the yields. The efficiency of fertilization modified by cropyear (in dry 891–1315 kg ha-1, in average 1927–4042 kg ha-1, in rainy cropyear 2051–4473 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively) and crop rotation (in monoculture 1315–4473 kg ha-1, in biculture 924–2727 kg ha-1 and triculture 891–2291 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively). The optimum fertilization could improve the water use efficiency in maize production. Our long-term experiments gave important ecological and agronomic information to guide regional development of sustainable cropping systems