Small-angle scattering on a system of magnetic and electric charges

The generalization of the conformal scattering method for small-angle scattering processes involving magnetic monopoles and ordinary charges is constructed. Using this generalization we show that introducing of magnetic charges corresponds to analytical continuation of the eikonal amplitude in the complex charge plane (the imaginary part is proportional to the magnetic charge). We calculate explicitly the eikonal amplitude for scattering on a dyon and two monopoles in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions. The singularities of the corresponding amplitudes (focal points) are studied in details.Comment: 15 pages. 3 figures. Latex with epsf.sty use

Where Art Thou? Regional Distribution of Culture Workers in Finland

This study seeks to shed light on the regional distribution of culture workers in Finland. What factors – if any - make the location decisions of culture workers different from that of others? This study uses a rich micro level data for an application of multinomial logit model. The data is from the Finnish Longitudinal Census File and it contains information e.g. on individual's personal charactersitics, family characteristics and working life characteristics. The estimation results show that being a culture worker is an important factor in locational choice: the coefficient of living in a metropolitan area compared to rural areas is highly positive. According to the estimated marginal effects, the likelihood of living in a metropolitan region increases as much as 22 percentage points if the person is a culture worker. Another interesting notion is that the residential choices of cultural entrepreneurs seem to differ from that of other entrepreneurs.

Modelling Methods for the Highly Dispersive Slinky Spring: A Novel Musical Toy

ABSTRACT The 'Slinky' spring is a popular and beloved toy for many children. Like its smaller relatives, used in spring reverberation units, it can produce interesting sonic behaviors. We explore the behavior of the 'Slinky' spring via measurement, and discover that its sonic characteristics are notably different to those of smaller springs. We discuss methods of modeling the behavior of a Slinky via the use of finite-difference techniques and digital waveguides. We then apply these models in different structures to build a number of interesting tools for computer-based music production

Bayesian Modeling and MCMC Computation in Linear Logistic Regression for Presence-only Data

Presence-only data are referred to situations in which, given a censoring mechanism, a binary response can be observed only with respect to on outcome, usually called \textit{presence}. In this work we present a Bayesian approach to the problem of presence-only data based on a two levels scheme. A probability law and a case-control design are combined to handle the double source of uncertainty: one due to the censoring and one due to the sampling. We propose a new formalization for the logistic model with presence-only data that allows further insight into inferential issues related to the model. We concentrate on the case of the linear logistic regression and, in order to make inference on the parameters of interest, we present a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm with data augmentation that does not require the a priori knowledge of the population prevalence. A simulation study concerning 24,000 simulated datasets related to different scenarios is presented comparing our proposal to optimal benchmarks.Comment: Affiliations: Fabio Divino - Division of Physics, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Molise Giovanna jona Lasinio and Natalia Golini - Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza" Antti Penttinen - Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyv\"{a}skyl\"{a} CONTACT: [email protected], [email protected]

Timber Harvesting with Variable Prices and Costs

In its history, IIASA's Forestry (FOR) Project has produced a number of models casting future scenarios of the forest industry. At the same time, FOR has also been involved in ecosystem modeling and forest resource assessments. Linking the processes of forest industry development to its resource use will be of particular interest in the activity that FOR started this year - Information Technology and Structural Change of the Global Forest Sector. In this particular work, carried out in cooperation with the Finnish Forest Research Institute in Helsinki, Markku Penttinen establishes a decision tool that will help in endeavoring to answer the question of whether information technology will or will not improve the sustainability of the worlds forest resources

Mainonnan vastaanottaja : Verkkokyselytutkimus Pielaveden kunnan mainosvideosta

Opinnäytetyöni tarkoituksena oli suunnitella ja valmistaa Pielaveden kunnalle mainosvideo ja selvittää kyselytutkimuksen avulla, millaisia mielikuvia video herättää katsojissa ja millaiset asiat ovat vaikuttaneet katsojien tulkintaan mainostettavasta kohteesta. Opinnäytetyöni teoreettinen tausta keskittyy tarkastelemaan mainontaa vastaanottajan näkökulmasta. Kyselytutkimus toteutettiin verkkokyselynä. Kyselytutkimus on laadullista tutkimusta. Kyselytutkimukseen vastasi 43 henkilöä ympäri Suomen. Opinnäytetyöni keskeisimpiä havaintoja olivat, kuinka omia tietoja ja kokemuksia käytetään mielikuvien muodostamiseen mainostettavasta asiasta. Mainonnan vastaanottajien vastauksissa korostui muista samankaltaisista asioista erottautumisen tärkeys markkinoinnissa.The aim of this thesis was to plan and implement a promotional video for the municipality of Pielavesi. My aim was to find out what kind of associations the video evokes in viewers and what factors have influenced the viewer’s perceptions about the advertised item. The theoretical background focuses on advertising from the receiver’s perspective. The data about viewer’s perceptions was collected by using an online survey which is a qualitative descriptive research method. A total of 43 people answered the online survey. The main finding in this thesis was that people use their own knowledge and earlier experience to form a mental picture about the advertised item. Differentiation from other similar advertised things was also considered to be an important issue when advertising small municipalities such as Pielavesi. The online survey answers pointed out this distinctive point as well

Skill Development in Music Reading. The Eye-Movement Approach

This dissertation examined skill development in music reading by focusing on the visual processing of music notation in different music-reading tasks. Each of the three experiments of this dissertation addressed one of the three types of music reading: (i) sight-reading, i.e. reading and performing completely unknown music, (ii) rehearsed reading, during which the performer is already familiar with the music being played, and (iii) silent reading with no performance requirements. The use of the eye-tracking methodology allowed the recording of the readers’ eye movements from the time of music reading with extreme precision. Due to the lack of coherence in the smallish amount of prior studies on eye movements in music reading, the dissertation also had a heavy methodological emphasis. The present dissertation thus aimed to promote two major issues: (1) it investigated the eye-movement indicators of skill and skill development in sight-reading, rehearsed reading and silent reading, and (2) developed and tested suitable methods that can be used by future studies on the topic. Experiment I focused on the eye-movement behaviour of adults during their first steps of learning to read music notation. The longitudinal experiment spanned a nine-month long music-training period, during which 49 participants (university students taking part in a compulsory music course) sight-read and performed a series of simple melodies in three measurement sessions. Participants with no musical background were entitled as “novices”, whereas “amateurs” had had musical training prior to the experiment. The main issue of interest was the changes in the novices’ eye movements and performances across the measurements while the amateurs offered a point of reference for the assessment of the novices’ development. The experiment showed that the novices tended to sight-read in a more stepwise fashion than the amateurs, the latter group manifesting more back-and-forth eye movements. The novices’ skill development was reflected by the faster identification of note symbols involved in larger melodic intervals. Across the measurements, the novices also began to show sensitivity to the melodies’ metrical structure, which the amateurs demonstrated from the very beginning. The stimulus melodies consisted of quarter notes, making the effects of meter and larger melodic intervals distinguishable from effects caused by, say, different rhythmic patterns. Experiment II explored the eye movements of 40 experienced musicians (music education students and music performance students) during temporally controlled rehearsed reading. This cross-sectional experiment focused on the eye-movement effects of one-bar-long melodic alterations placed within a familiar melody. The synchronizing of the performance and eye-movement recordings enabled the investigation of the eye-hand span, i.e., the temporal gap between a performed note and the point of gaze. The eye-hand span was typically found to remain around one second. Music performance students demonstrated increased professing efficiency by their shorter average fixation durations as well as in the two examined eye-hand span measures: these participants used larger eye-hand spans more frequently and inspected more of the musical score during the performance of one metrical beat than students of music education. Although all participants produced performances almost indistinguishable in terms of their auditory characteristics, the altered bars indeed affected the reading of the score: the general effects of expertise in terms of the two eye- hand span measures, demonstrated by the music performance students, disappeared in the face of the melodic alterations. Experiment III was a longitudinal experiment designed to examine the differences between adult novice and amateur musicians’ silent reading of music notation, as well as the changes the 49 participants manifested during a nine-month long music course. From a methodological perspective, an opening to research on eye movements in music reading was the inclusion of a verbal protocol in the research design: after viewing the musical image, the readers were asked to describe what they had seen. A two-way categorization for verbal descriptions was developed in order to assess the quality of extracted musical information. More extensive musical background was related to shorter average fixation duration, more linear scanning of the musical image, and more sophisticated verbal descriptions of the music in question. No apparent effects of skill development were observed for the novice music readers alone, but all participants improved their verbal descriptions towards the last measurement. Apart from the background-related differences between groups of participants, combining verbal and eye-movement data in a cluster analysis identified three styles of silent reading. The finding demonstrated individual differences in how the freely defined silent-reading task was approached. This dissertation is among the first presentations of a series of experiments systematically addressing the visual processing of music notation in various types of music-reading tasks and focusing especially on the eye-movement indicators of developing music-reading skill. Overall, the experiments demonstrate that the music-reading processes are affected not only by “top-down” factors, such as musical background, but also by the “bottom-up” effects of specific features of music notation, such as pitch heights, metrical division, rhythmic patterns and unexpected melodic events. From a methodological perspective, the experiments emphasize the importance of systematic stimulus design, temporal control during performance tasks, and the development of complementary methods, for easing the interpretation of the eye-movement data. To conclude, this dissertation suggests that advances in comprehending the cognitive aspects of music reading, the nature of expertise in this musical task, and the development of educational tools can be attained through the systematic application of the eye-tracking methodology also in this specific domain.Siirretty Doriast