Milk as an essential source of iodine in Latvian population

Publisher Copyright: © 2017 De Gruyter Open Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Milk and dairy products are studied as alternative iodine sources, because salt iodisation is controversial due to high salt consumption leading to cardiovascular diseases. However, the iodine concentration in milk markedly varies. This study evaluated the iodine concentration in cow's milk available in the Latvian market. Iodine and fat concentration was analysed with a spectrophotometer "Varian Cary 50" based ISO 2446:2008 in 20 milk samples. Data from the Central Statistical Bureau and survey among pregnant women were used to analyse milk product consumption and its impact on iodine status. Average iodine concentration in milk samples was 457.6 (179.6) μg/L, winter samples had a higher concentration of iodine than summer samples: 563.4 (329.6) μg/L and 469.2 (162.0) μg/L, but this is not statistically significant p < 0.05. Iodine concentration in skimmed milk was 490 μg/L, milk with the reduced fat content 501.7 (174.8) μg/L, and whole milk - 422.6 (192.1)1 μg/L. Milk consumption decreased from 2002 to 2014, while yogurt and cheese consumption increased. Higher consumption of milk and milk products was related to higher urinary iodine concentration ρ = 0.115; p = 0.003. Milk and milk products are an important iodine source in Latvia and their consumption should be promoted.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Fiction Fix 10

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Relationships between Parental Education and Overweight with Childhood Overweight and Physical Activity in 9-11 Year Old Children: Results from a 12-Country Study

Background: Globally, the high prevalence of overweight and low levels of physical activity among children has serious implications for morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood. Various parental factors are associated with childhood overweight and physical activity. The objective of this paper was to investigate relationships between parental education or overweight, and (i) child overweight, (ii) child physical activity, and (iii) explore household coexistence of overweight, in a large international sample. Methods: Data were collected from 4752 children (9-11 years) as part of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment in 12 countries around the world. Physical activity of participating children was assessed by accelerometry, and body weight directly measured. Questionnaires were used to collect parents' education level, weight, and height. Results: Maternal and paternal overweight were positively associated with child overweight. Higher household coexistence of parent-child overweight was observed among overweight children compared to the total sample. There was a positive relationship between maternal education and child overweight in Colombia 1.90 (1.23-2.94) [odds ratio (confidence interval)] and Kenya 4.80 (2.21-10.43), and a negative relationship between paternal education and child overweight in Brazil 0.55 (0.33-0.92) and the USA 0.54 (0.33-0.88). Maternal education was negatively associated with children meeting physical activity guidelines in Colombia 0.53 (0.33-0.85), Kenya 0.35 (0.19-0.63), and Portugal 0.54 (0.31-0.96). Conclusions: Results are aligned with previous studies showing positive associations between parental and child overweight in all countries, and positive relationships between parental education and child overweight or negative associations between parental education and child physical activity in lower economic status countries. Relationships between maternal and paternal education and child weight status and physical activity appear to be related to the developmental stage of different countries. Given these varied relationships, it is crucial to further explore familial factors when investigating child overweight and physical activity

Synthesis of Polydiacetylene Charge-Transfer Complexes

Like 1,4-bis(3-quinolyl)buta-1,3-diyne, its structural isomer, 1,4-bis(4-isoquinolyl)buta-1,3-diyne, undergoes both photo- and thermal polymerization. Thermal polymerization of each material leads to more amorphous, less thermally stable polymers than are observed in the respective photopolymerization. The diacetylenes are found to react with certain organoiodines to give N-I charge-transfer complexes. Thermolysis of the complexes evolves the organoiodine species prior to polymerization of the diacetylene. The complexes fail to polymerize upon photolysis

CCDC 214347: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: A.Crihfield, J.Hartwell, D.Phelps, R.B.Walsh, J.L.Harris, J.F.Payne, W.T.Pennington, T.W.Hanks|2003|Cryst.Growth Des.|3|313|doi:10.1021/cg0340042,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures

CCDC 214348: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: A.Crihfield, J.Hartwell, D.Phelps, R.B.Walsh, J.L.Harris, J.F.Payne, W.T.Pennington, T.W.Hanks|2003|Cryst.Growth Des.|3|313|doi:10.1021/cg0340042,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures

CCDC 214350: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: A.Crihfield, J.Hartwell, D.Phelps, R.B.Walsh, J.L.Harris, J.F.Payne, W.T.Pennington, T.W.Hanks|2003|Cryst.Growth Des.|3|313|doi:10.1021/cg0340042,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures

CCDC 214344: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: A.Crihfield, J.Hartwell, D.Phelps, R.B.Walsh, J.L.Harris, J.F.Payne, W.T.Pennington, T.W.Hanks|2003|Cryst.Growth Des.|3|313|doi:10.1021/cg0340042,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures

CCDC 214345: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: A.Crihfield, J.Hartwell, D.Phelps, R.B.Walsh, J.L.Harris, J.F.Payne, W.T.Pennington, T.W.Hanks|2003|Cryst.Growth Des.|3|313|doi:10.1021/cg0340042,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures

CCDC 214346: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: A.Crihfield, J.Hartwell, D.Phelps, R.B.Walsh, J.L.Harris, J.F.Payne, W.T.Pennington, T.W.Hanks|2003|Cryst.Growth Des.|3|313|doi:10.1021/cg0340042,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures