1,052 research outputs found
Unveiling Explosive Vulnerability of Networks through Edge Collective Behavior
Edges, binding together nodes within networks, have the potential to induce
dramatic transitions when specific collective failure behaviors emerge. These
changes, initially unfolding covertly and then erupting abruptly, pose
substantial, unforeseeable threats to networked systems, and are termed
explosive vulnerability. Thus, identifying influential edges capable of
triggering such drastic transitions, while minimizing cost, is of utmost
significance. Here, we address this challenge by introducing edge collective
influence (ECI), which builds upon the optimal percolation theory applied to
line graphs. ECI embodies features of both optimal and explosive percolation,
involving minimized removal costs and explosive dismantling tactic.
Furthermore, we introduce two improved versions of ECI, namely IECI and IECIR,
tailored for objectives of hidden and fast dismantling, respectively, with
their superior performance validated in both synthetic and empirical networks.
Finally, we present a dual competitive percolation (DCP) model, whose reverse
process replicates the explosive dismantling process and the trajectory of the
cost function of ECI, elucidating the microscopic mechanisms enabling ECI's
optimization. ECI and the DCP model demonstrate the profound connection between
optimal and explosive percolation. This work significantly deepens our
comprehension of percolation and provides valuable insights into the explosive
vulnerabilities arising from edge collective behaviors.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, 2 table
Non-equilibrium dynamics of simple spherical spin models
We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of spherical spin models with
two-spin interactions. For the exactly solvable models of the d-dimensional
spherical ferromagnet and the spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model the
asymptotic dynamics has for large times and for large waiting times the same
formal structure. In the limit of large waiting times we find in both models an
intermediate time scale, scaling as a power of the waiting time with an
exponent smaller than one, and thus separating the time-translation invariant
short-time dynamics from the aging regime. It is this time scale on which the
fluctuation-dissipation regime is violated. Aging in these models is similar to
that observed in spin glasses at the level of correlation functions, but
different at the level of response functions, and thus different at the level
of experimentally accessible quantities like the thermoremanent magnetization.Comment: 8 pages, 1 eps figur
An Abstract Description Method of Map-Reduce-Merge Using Haskell
Map-Reduce-Merge is an improved parallel programming model based on Map-Reduce in cloud computing environment. Through the new Merge module, Map-Reduce-Merge can support processing multiple related heterogeneous datasets more efficiently. In order to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of this new model, we present a rigorous description for Map-Reduce-Merge model using Haskell. Firstly, we describe the basic program skeleton of Map-Reduce-Merge programming model. Secondly, an abstract description for the Merge module is presented by analyzing the structure and function of the Merge module with Haskell as the description tool. Thirdly, we evaluate the Map-Reduce-Merge model on the basis of our description. We capture the functional characteristics of the Map-Reduce-Merge model by our abstract description, which can provide theoretical basis for designing more efficient parallel programming model to process join operation
Expression of VP60 gene from rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) YL strain under control of the ats1A promoter in tobacco
The VP60 gene from rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) YL strain in Northeast of China, under control of the ats1A promoter from Rubisco small subunit genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, was introduced into the transfer deoxyribonucleic acid (T-DNA) region of plant transfer vector pCAMBIA1300 and transferred to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Petit Havanna SR1) with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reverse transcription(RT) and -PCR analysis of the transformed tobacco plants confirmed the integration of the VP60 gene copy into the plant DNA and VP60 gene transcription produced. Western blot analysis revealed that the VP60 protein was expressed in tobacco under control of ats1A promoter.Key words: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), VP60 protein, ats1A promoter, plant-derived vaccine
Branching fractions of and their implications
The exotic states with the quark flavor of
are recently observed in the mass spectrum of in by
the LHCb collaboration. To explore the nature of , except for
analyzing their masses and decay widths as usually did in literatures, the
study of their production mechanism in -meson weak decays would provide
another important information. The amplitude of is
non-factorizable. We consider the final-state-interaction effects and calculate
them via the rescattering mechanism. The measured branching fractions of
are revealed. It is manifested by and that the
rescattering mechanism can result in the relatively large branching fractions.
The similar processes of are also analyzed. The isospins
of can be investigated by decays.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. Version published in EPJC. Additional
contributions are added in in Fig.8. Numerical results of
the isospin-partner processes are changed by a factor of 2 in Eqs.(12) and
(13
Spin Manipulation by Creation of Single-Molecule Radical Cations
All-trans-retinoic acid (ReA), a closed-shell organic molecule comprising
only C, H, and O atoms, is investigated on a Au(111) substrate using scanning
tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. In dense arrays single ReA molecules are
switched to a number of states, three of which carry a localized spin as
evidenced by conductance spectroscopy in high magnetic fields. The spin of a
single molecule may be reversibly switched on and off without affecting its
neighbors. We suggest that ReA on Au is readily converted to a radical by the
abstraction of an electron.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
Optomechanically-Induced Transparency in partiy-time-symmetric microresonators
Optomechanically-induced transparency (OMIT) and the associated slowing of
light provide the basis for storing photons in nanoscale devices. Here we study
OMIT in parity-time (PT)-symmetric microresonators with a tunable gain-to-loss
ratio. This system features a reversed, non-amplifying transparency, i.e., an
inverted-OMIT. When the gain-to-loss ratio is varied, the system exhibits a
transition from a PT-symmetric phase to a broken-PT-symmetric phase. This
PT-phase transition results in the reversal of the pump and gain dependence of
the transmission rates. Moreover, we show that by tuning the pump power at a
fixed gain-to-loss ratio, or the gain-to-loss ratio at a fixed pump power, one
can switch from slow to fast light and vice versa. These findings provide new
tools for controlling light propagation using nanofabricated phononic devices.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures; to be published in Scientific Reports (2015
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