Anatomical identification of primary auditory cortex in the developing gerbil

Cortical development is an active field of study. The gerbil provides an excellent model for research because at the moment of birth its brain is rather immature, anatomically and functionally. Furthermore, the gerbil auditory cortex is particularly amenable to investigation in that the gerbil\u27s onset of hearing occurs approximately after 14 days of postnatal life. Despite these advantages of the gerbil for auditory cortex development not much is known about the anatomy of the postnatal gerbil auditory cortex. For example, where is the gerbil auditory cortex? Prior to the onset of hearing, sounds cannot be used to localize auditory cortex. Therefore, the localization of the auditory cortex with anatomical landmarks alone during development is necessary. Anatomical and physiological approaches to localize the auditory cortex are published in the literature, but evaluated only in adult gerbils, and many of them are based on the fresh brain slice preparation and not applicable in vivo. The present study compares the anatomical references of the adult gerbil published in the literature with the anatomical references in the developing gerbil. Using specific blood vessel positions as landmarks, the position of the primary auditory cortex was estimated on fixed brains and in vivo. The lipophilic tracer Neurovue was used to confirm whether the position resulting from the anatomical analysis was consistent with the position of the auditory cortex. The results showed that anatomical references present already in the developing gerbil are consistently related to the position of the auditory cortex and they can be reliable used as landmarks to detect the actual position of the auditory cortex

A Non-Normative Paradigm: Disability and Gender in Nineteenth-Century Gothic Literature

Within nineteenth century society, normalcy is presented through unfeasible means of appearance and identity, leading to a rejection of the self. By exploring characters in Victorian gothic literature, who are marginalized by society, and invoking the work of Gail Weiss, Kim Hall, and others, this essay investigates the way these norms are immortalized through published representations and how they expose the lingering presence of rejection of disabled, queer, and gender-fluid bodies. Through the analysis of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, I look at the contextualization of marginalized existence compared to able-bodiedness and normalized gender to argue that the impacts of nonnormative representation are prevalent in breaking these stereotypes. Through topics of historization, normalcy, disability aesthetics, gender, and sexuality, I find that normative realizations of appearance and identity are unattainable because they cannot be understood within the complexities that are born as constructs of society

Community Insurgency: Constituency, School Choice, and the Common Good

This study explores the ways in which the democratic notion of the people may be enacted in the school choice arena. Through an investigation of a charter school movement in a rural and segregated district in the Deep South, we explore themes of the constituent paradox that enabled the community to move beyond individual interests towards an expression of the common good. It is argued that for the people to be invoked via the democratic claim, they must identify more deeply than the institutions of their representation and recognize an expanded form of individualism defined through participation over consumption

Evaluación de la extrusión de residuos apicales y permeabilidad apical en sistemas endodónticos rotativos continuos y recíprocos.

The aim of the study was to quantify and compare apical debris extrusion in two systems of continuous and reciprocating rotary instrumentation with, and without, the use of a patency file. An experimental study was carried out in 120 mesial roots of lower first molars, which were randomized in the following 4 groups: Group A. Reciproc (VDW) R25 without a patency file, Group B Mtwo (VDW) without a patency file, Group C Reciproc (VDW) R25 with a patency file and Group D Mtwo with a patency file. Groups A, B and C presented statistically significant differences in comparison to group D, Mtwo with the use of a patency file (p<0.008 to 95% reliability). In conclusion, the greater amount of debris extruded through the apex occurred in roots instrumented with the reciprocating rotary system; this difference was statistically significant in relation to teeth treated with the Mtwo continuous rotary system with the use of a patency file.El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar y comparar la extrusión de residuos apicales en dos sistemas de instrumentación endodónticos rotativos, continuo y recíproco, con y sin el uso de una lima de pasaje apical. Se realizó un estudio experimental en 120 raíces mesiales de primeros molares inferiores, que se aleatorizaron en los siguientes 4 grupos: Grupo A. Reciproc (VDW) R25 sin lima de pasaje apical, Grupo B Mtwo (VDW) sin lima de pasaje apical, Grupo C Reciproc (VDW) R25 con lima de pasaje apical y Grupo D Mtwo con lima de pasaje apical. Los grupos A, B y C presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en comparación con el grupo D, Mtwo con el uso de una lima de pasaje apical (p<0.008 a 95% de confiabilidad). En conclusión, la mayor cantidad de residuos extruidos a través del ápice ocurrió en raíces preparadas con el sistema rotativo recíproco; Esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa en relación a los dientes tratados con el sistema rotativo continuo Mtwo con el uso de una lima de pasaje apical

American Journal of Education: retos y oportunidades en las ciencias translacionales y la zona gris de la publicación académica

American Journal of Education (AJE) es una de las once revistas más importantes en el campo de la educación y publica nuevos trabajos de investigación en un amplio espectro de disciplinas educativas. Con sede en la Pennsylvania State University, la revista trabaja con editores asociados de toda la nación y con un consejo asesor de académicos sénior. También cuenta con un foro online (AJE Forum) gestionado por el consejo editorial estudiantil. El mayor problema que afronta la revista es cómo difundir eficazmente la investigación revisada por pares para que llegue a un público amplio, incluidos gestores, responsables políticos, reformadores y educadores. Dadas las limitaciones de los recursos universitarios, la revista ha explorado nuevas vías para difundir información sobre sus artículos a través de las redes sociales, y continúa evaluando la mejor forma de analizar el impacto de los artículos publicados en contextos académicos y políticos.The American Journal of Education (AJE) is one of 11 core journals identified in the field of education and publishes new research across abroad range of educational disciplines. Located at Penn State, the journal is supported by associate editors from around the nation as well as an advisory board of senior scholars. The journal also supports an online forum (AJE Forum) that is managed by the student editorial board. The major issue facing the journal is how to effectively disseminate peer-reviewed research to a broad audience that includes administrators, policy makers, reform advocates and educators. Given the limitations of university resources, the journal has experimented with new ways to disseminate information about its articles via social media and continues to assess how best to monitor the impact of journal articles in academic and policy contexts

Bayesian updating of mechanical models - Application in fracture mechanics

The major failure mode of power IGBT is the thermal fatigue of the solder joints. The thermal heating induces mechanical constraints due to the various coefficients of thermal expansion of different materials. The life in fatigue, bound to the non-elastic energy dissipated during a cycle, depends strongly on the non-linear behaviour. The reliability methods are then applied here with importance sampling durind an iterative process of reponse surface fitting

Use of polynomial chaos expansions and maximum likelihood estimation for probabilistic inverse problems

The present paper deals with the identification of probabilistic models of input variables using response measurements. The input random variables, whose probability density function has to be identified, are represented by their polynomial chaos expansion (PCE). The proposed method allows to solve the probabilistic inverse problem using an efficient maximum likelihood approach. An advanced optimization algorithm is used to maximize this likelihood and get the optimal values of unknown PCE coefficients. The approach is illustrated by determining the variability of the loading applied to a series of similar simply supported beams when a database of measured maximum deflection is at hand

Control interno y gestión de inventarios de la empresa Constructora y Servicios Generales Jafer S. R. L., Bagua Grande, 2020

El análisis realizado en el presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo explicar la relación entre Control Interno y Gestión de Inventarios en la empresa Constructora y Servicios Generales Jafer S.R.L., Bagua Grande, 2020, permite demostrar la importancia de contar con un adecuado control interno y gestión de existencias, para que de esta manera se puedan tomar mejores decisiones obteniendo los objetivos trazados por la organización. La investigación es de tipo aplicada, de nivel descriptivo, transversal, no experimental, correlación descriptivo y de enfoque cuantitativo, en la que se elaboró y aplicó una encuesta diseñada específicamente para los trabajadores de la empresa Constructora y Servicios Generales Jafer S.R.L., como instrumento se utilizó un cuestionario y la fiabilidad del mismo estuvo determinada por los resultados del estadístico Alfa de Cronbach operativizado en el programa SPSS. Es importante concluir, que la aplicación del control interno y una gestión de inventarios adecuada constituye una base para determinar la eficiencia de los procedimientos. De esta manera se minimizan los riesgos y existe una mayor probabilidad de obtener los resultados esperados, además la mejora permanente de los procesos de planificación, organización y control del inventario permitirán lograr mejores resultados en la operatividad de la empresa.The analysis carried out in this research work aimed to explain the relationship between internal control and inventory management in the company Constructora y Servicios Generales Jafer SRL, Bagua Grande, 2020, which would allow to demonstrate the importance of having adequate control internal and inventory management, so that in this way better decisions can be made, obtaining the objectives set by the organization. The research is of an applied type, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental, descriptive correlation and quantitative approach, in which a survey designed specifically for the workers of the company Constructora y Servicios Generales Jafer SRL was prepared and applied, as an instrument used a questionnaire and its reliability was determined by the results of the Cronbach's Alpha statistic operationalized in the SPSS program. It is important to conclude that the application of internal control and adequate inventory management constitutes a basis for determining the efficiency of the procedures. In this way, risks are minimized and there is a greater probability of obtaining the expected results, in addition the permanent improvement of the planning, organization and inventory control processes will allow to achieve better results in the operation of the company

Glycosylation Fosters Interactions between Model Sea Urchin Spicule Matrix Proteins. Implications for Embryonic Spiculogenesis and Biomineralization

The formation of embryonic mineralized skeletal elements (spicules) in the sea urchin requires the participation of proteins, many of which may interact with one another and assist in the creation of an extracellular matrix wherein mineral formation takes place. To probe this, we created a sea urchin spicule recombinant model protein pair system wherein we tested the interactions between two major spicule proteins, SpSM50 and the glycoprotein, SpSM30B/C. Both proteins are strong hydrogelators that manipulate early and later events in mineral formation. We discovered that the anionic glycan moieties of SpSM30B/C are required for interaction with the SpSM50 protein and that these interactions are Ca(II)- independent. In addition, when these proteins form a complex, they create hybrid hydrogel particles that are physically distinct from their individual counterparts. Thus, glycan-mediated interactions play an important role in in vitro spicule protein assembly and most likely within the spicule itself

Functional Prioritization and Hydrogel Regulation Phenomena Created by a Combinatorial Pearl-Associated Two-Protein Biomineralization Model System

In the nacre or aragonitic layer of an oyster pearl, there exists a 12-member proteome that regulates both the early stages of nucleation and nanoscale-to-mesoscale assembly of nacre tablets and calcitic crystals from mineral nanoparticle precursors. Several approaches to understanding protein-associated mechanisms of pearl nacre formation have been developed, yet we still lack insight into how protein ensembles or proteomes manage nucleation and crystal growth. To provide additional insights, we have created a proportionally defined combinatorial model consisting of two pearl nacre-associated proteins, PFMG1 and PFMG2 (shell oyster pearl nacre, Pinctada fucata) whose individual in vitro mineralization functionalities are distinct from one another. Using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Ca(II) potentiometric titrations, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring quantitative analyses, we find that at 1:1 molar ratios, rPFMG2 and rPFMG1 co-aggregate in specific molecular ratios to form hybrid hydrogels that affect both the early and later stages of in vitro calcium carbonate nucleation. Within these hybrid hydrogels, rPFMG2 plays a role in defining protein co-aggregation and hydrogel dimension, whereas rPFMG1 defines participation in nonclassical nucleation processes; both proteins exhibit synergy with regard to surface and subsurface modifications to existing crystals. The interactions between both proteins are enhanced by Ca(II) ions and may involve Ca(II)-induced conformational events within the EF-hand rPFMG1 protein, as well as putative interactions between the EF-hand domain of rPFMG1 and the calponin-like domain of rPFMG2. Thus, the pearl-associated PFMG1 and PFMG2 proteins interact and exhibit mineralization functionalities in specific ways, which may be relevant for pearl formation