Chronic Kidney Disease Related Anemia - A Narrative Review

Iron is one of the most important essential elements, required by every cell in the body. Anemia is one of the most common medical conditions, defined as a decrease in blood\u27s ability to transport oxygen to tissues, resulting in tissue hypoxia. However, anemia is not a disease, but rather the manifestation of an underlying disorder or disease and it is an important clinical marker of a disorder that may be basic or something more complex. Therefore, once anemia has been diagnosed, the physician must determine its exact cause. Anemia is frequently associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a consequential disorder of iron metabolism and erythropoiesis regulation. It is a result of a relative erythropoietin deficiency, functional iron deficiency, impaired iron absorption, or blood loss due to dialysis. CKD related anemia is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Given the importance of public health, it is necessary to raise CKD awareness, and to encourage early diagnosis and treatment. The recommendations and guidelines of all professional societies of nephrology emphasize early diagnosis and timely treatment. It is important to ensure that patients have a good quality of life while also minimizing the risks of further complications associated with anemia

Elastic Stability Analysis of Thin-Walled C- and Z-Section Beams without Lateral Restraints

The paper analyzes the elastic stability of steel thin-walled C-and Z-cross-section beams without lateral restraints. Firstly, mechanical properties of the beams material (steel) are determined by testing standard specimens in a laboratory. Based on the obtained data, the stability analysis of beams is carried out and critical forces are determined analytically by using the theory of thin-walled beams, numerically by using the finite element method (FEM), and experimentally by testing the C- and Z-cross-section beams in a laboratory. The analysis of critical forces and stability shows that the calculation according to the theory of thin-walled beams does not take the effect of local buckling into account, and that the resulting critical global forces do not correspond to the actual behaviour of the beam. The FEM gives the value of the critical force by taking the effect of the local buckling into consideration. The experimental test shows that the assumptions and simplifications, which have been introduced into the theory of thin-walled beams with open cross sections, significantly affect final results of the level of the critical force

The Needs of the Older People for Services from the Social Welfare System in the Republic of Croatia

U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja potreba za uslugama iz sustava socijalne skrbi starijih osoba koje se provodilo pri centrima za socijalnu skrb. U istraživanju je sudjelovala 3 001 osoba, a obuhvaćene su bile sve županije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Istraživanje je provedeno s ciljem utvrđivanja potreba za uslugama iz sustava socijalne skrbi, a u svrhu poboljšanja kvalitete života starijih osoba. U radu su prikazana socio-demografska obilježja anketiranih starijih osoba, obiteljsko stanje, članovi kućanstva, podrška djece, izvori prihoda, imovinsko i zdravstveno stanje, funkcionalno stanje, prava koja ostvaruju iz sustava socijalne skrbi te potrebe za uslugama koje nedostaju. Ispitanici smatraju da su usluge pomoći u kući najpotrebnije, ali isto tako postoji značajan interes za uslugom institucionalnog smještaja. Postoje razlike u potrebama za uslugama skrbi s obzirom na veličinu mjesta. Prikupljeni podaci predstavljaju empirijsku podlogu za sustav socijalne skrbi o starijim osobama u donošenju strateških dokumenata kojima je potrebno zaštiti ovu ranjivu populaciju.The paper presents the results of the research on the needs of the older people for services from the social welfare system, which was conducted at social welfare centres. 3001 people from all Croatian regions or counties participated in the research. The research was conducted with the aim of determining the needs for services from the social welfare system, in order to improve the quality of life of the older people. The paper presents the socio-demographic characteristics of the surveyed older people, their marital status, number of household members, support provided by their children, sources of income, property and health status, functional status, rights exercised from the social welfare system and the need for missing services. Respondents feel that they need home help services the most, but there is also a significant interest in institutional accommodation services. There are differences in the needs for care services, depending on how big is the respondent\u27s place of living. The collected data represent the empirical basis for the social welfare system on the older people, aiming to serve as help in adoption of strategic documents that need to protect this vulnerable population

With food to health : proceedings of the 10th International scientific and professional conference

Proceedings contains 13 original scientific papers, 10 professional papers and 2 review papers which were presented at "10th International Scientific and Professional Conference WITH FOOD TO HEALTH", organised in following sections: Nutrition, Dietetics and diet therapy, Functional food and food supplemnents, Food safety, Food analysis, Production of safe food and food with added nutritional value

Water for all : Proceedings of the 7th international scientific and professional conference Water for all

The 7th International Scientific and Professional Conference Water for all is organized to honour the World Water Day by the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, European Hygienic Engineering & Design Group (EHEDG), Danube Parks, Croatian Food Agency, Croatian Water, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Chemistry, Nature Park “Kopački rit”, Osijek- Baranja County, Public Health Institute of the Osijek- Baranja County and „Vodovod-Osijek“ -water supply company in Osijek. The topic of World Water Day 2017 was "Wastewater" emphasizing the importance and influence of wastewater treatments on global environment. The international scientific and professional conference Water for all is a gathering of scientists and experts in the field of water management, including chemists, biologists, civil and agriculture engineers, with a goal to remind people about the significance of fresh water and to promote an interdisciplinary approach and sustainability for fresh water resource management. The Conference has been held since 2011. About 300 scientists and engineers submitted 95 abstracts to the 7th International Scientific and Professional Conference Water for all, out of which 33 was presented orally and 62 as posters. 47 full papers were accepted by the Scientific Committee. 38 full papers became the part of the this Proceedings while 9 papers were accepted for publication in Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology and Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek - e-GFOS

Synthesis of novel Schiff base derivatives of purine bioisosteres using green chemistry

U okviru ovog rada provedena je sinteza i spektroskopska karakterizacija novih derivata Schiffovih baza purinskih bioizostera: benzotiazola (13a–13d, 18a–18d), benzoksazola (14a–14d, 19a–19d )i imidazo[1,2-a]piridina (15a–15d). Za pripravu ciljnih spojeva upotrijebljene su klasične metode organske sinteze i sinteza potpomognuta ultrazvučnim zračenjem. Dvostupnjevitom linearnom sintezom priređeni su amino-supstituirani prekursori benzotiazola 6, benzoksazola 7 i imidazo[1,2-a]piridin 11 iz odgovarajućih nitro derivata 4, 5 i 10. Ciljani hibridi Schiffovih baza benzotiazola, benzoksazola i imidazo[1,2-a]piridina pripravljeni su iz prethodno priređenih heterocikličkih primarnih amina i različito supstituiranih 2-hidroksibenzaldehida metodama klasične organske sinteze i motodama zelene kemije primjenom ultrazvučnog zračenja u etanolu i glicerolu. Strukture svih priređenih spojeva potvrđene su 1H i 13C NMR spektroskopijom.This paper describes synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of novel Schiff base derivatives of purine bioisosteres: benzothiazoles 13a–13d, 18a–18d, benzoxazoles 14a–14d, 19b–19c and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines 15a–15d prepared by conventional synthetic methods and by using ultrasonic irradiation. The main amino-substituted precursors of benzothiazole 6, benzoxazole 7 and imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine 11 were prepared by two-step linear synthesis from corresponding nitro derivateves 4, 5 andi 10. Target hybrids of Schiff bases of benzothiazole, benzoxazole and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine were synthesized from prepared heterocycle primary amines and variously substituted 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes by conventional synthetic methods and by green synthesis using ultrasonic irradiation with ethanol and glycerol as solvents. Structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy

Synthesis of novel Schiff base derivatives of purine bioisosteres using green chemistry

U okviru ovog rada provedena je sinteza i spektroskopska karakterizacija novih derivata Schiffovih baza purinskih bioizostera: benzotiazola (13a–13d, 18a–18d), benzoksazola (14a–14d, 19a–19d )i imidazo[1,2-a]piridina (15a–15d). Za pripravu ciljnih spojeva upotrijebljene su klasične metode organske sinteze i sinteza potpomognuta ultrazvučnim zračenjem. Dvostupnjevitom linearnom sintezom priređeni su amino-supstituirani prekursori benzotiazola 6, benzoksazola 7 i imidazo[1,2-a]piridin 11 iz odgovarajućih nitro derivata 4, 5 i 10. Ciljani hibridi Schiffovih baza benzotiazola, benzoksazola i imidazo[1,2-a]piridina pripravljeni su iz prethodno priređenih heterocikličkih primarnih amina i različito supstituiranih 2-hidroksibenzaldehida metodama klasične organske sinteze i motodama zelene kemije primjenom ultrazvučnog zračenja u etanolu i glicerolu. Strukture svih priređenih spojeva potvrđene su 1H i 13C NMR spektroskopijom.This paper describes synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of novel Schiff base derivatives of purine bioisosteres: benzothiazoles 13a–13d, 18a–18d, benzoxazoles 14a–14d, 19b–19c and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines 15a–15d prepared by conventional synthetic methods and by using ultrasonic irradiation. The main amino-substituted precursors of benzothiazole 6, benzoxazole 7 and imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine 11 were prepared by two-step linear synthesis from corresponding nitro derivateves 4, 5 andi 10. Target hybrids of Schiff bases of benzothiazole, benzoxazole and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine were synthesized from prepared heterocycle primary amines and variously substituted 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes by conventional synthetic methods and by green synthesis using ultrasonic irradiation with ethanol and glycerol as solvents. Structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy

Determination of physico-chemical properties and in silico analysis of the selected amino-1,3-benzothiazines

Apsorpcija, distribucija, mehanizam i ekskrekcija lijekova ključni su parametri u istraživanju i razvoju lijekova koji određuju bioraspoloživost lijekova i njihov utjecaj na ljudski organizam. Potencijalna biološka aktivnost određenih spojeva može se ispitati in silico analizom. Lipofilnost je jedno od najvažnijih fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava lijekova jer opisuje odnos lijekova i njihovih bioloških, farmakokinetičkih i metaboličkih svojstava. Logaritamska vrijednost particijskog koeficijenta ispitivanog spoja pruža uvid u njegovu lipofilnost, koja opisuje raspodjelu ispitivanog spoja između organske i vodene faze. Logaritamska vrijednost particijskog koeficijenta odabranih 1,3-benzotiazina i amino-1,3-benzotiazina u ovom radu određivala se direktnom metodom, metodom protresanja tikvicom, te na temelju teorijskog proračuna. Na temelju rezultata dobivenih direktnom metodom, može se zaključiti da su određeni derivati 1,3-benzotiazina lipofilni te predstavljaju potencijalne kandidate za daljnja predklinička i klinička ispitivanja kojima se može utvrditi njihova biološka aktivnost.Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion are key parameters in drug design and development that determine drug bioavailability and drug impact on human body. In silico analysis provides insight into potential drug candidate biological activity. Lipophilicity is one of the most important physicochemical property of a drug because it describes the relationship between drugs and their biological, pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties. Logarithmic value of partition coefficient of a test compound provides insight into its lipophilicity, which describes the distribution of the test compound between an organic and an aqueous phase. Logarithmic values of partition coefficient of selected 1,3-benzothiazines and amino-1,3-benzothiazines in this paper were determined by the direct method, the shake-flask method, and by theoretical calculation. Based on the results obtained by the direct method, it can be concluded that certain 1,3-benzothiazine derivatives are lipophilic and they can be included in further preclinical and clinical trials that can determine their biological activity

Determination of physico-chemical properties and in silico analysis of the selected amino-1,3-benzothiazines

Apsorpcija, distribucija, mehanizam i ekskrekcija lijekova ključni su parametri u istraživanju i razvoju lijekova koji određuju bioraspoloživost lijekova i njihov utjecaj na ljudski organizam. Potencijalna biološka aktivnost određenih spojeva može se ispitati in silico analizom. Lipofilnost je jedno od najvažnijih fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava lijekova jer opisuje odnos lijekova i njihovih bioloških, farmakokinetičkih i metaboličkih svojstava. Logaritamska vrijednost particijskog koeficijenta ispitivanog spoja pruža uvid u njegovu lipofilnost, koja opisuje raspodjelu ispitivanog spoja između organske i vodene faze. Logaritamska vrijednost particijskog koeficijenta odabranih 1,3-benzotiazina i amino-1,3-benzotiazina u ovom radu određivala se direktnom metodom, metodom protresanja tikvicom, te na temelju teorijskog proračuna. Na temelju rezultata dobivenih direktnom metodom, može se zaključiti da su određeni derivati 1,3-benzotiazina lipofilni te predstavljaju potencijalne kandidate za daljnja predklinička i klinička ispitivanja kojima se može utvrditi njihova biološka aktivnost.Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion are key parameters in drug design and development that determine drug bioavailability and drug impact on human body. In silico analysis provides insight into potential drug candidate biological activity. Lipophilicity is one of the most important physicochemical property of a drug because it describes the relationship between drugs and their biological, pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties. Logarithmic value of partition coefficient of a test compound provides insight into its lipophilicity, which describes the distribution of the test compound between an organic and an aqueous phase. Logarithmic values of partition coefficient of selected 1,3-benzothiazines and amino-1,3-benzothiazines in this paper were determined by the direct method, the shake-flask method, and by theoretical calculation. Based on the results obtained by the direct method, it can be concluded that certain 1,3-benzothiazine derivatives are lipophilic and they can be included in further preclinical and clinical trials that can determine their biological activity

Correction of measurement errors

U ovom radu obrađena je analiza i metoda za detekciju i korekciju tri vrste mjernih pogrešaka: grube, sustavne i slučajne. Prvo su opisane pogreške i njihov utjecaj na mjerenja. Detekcija grubih pogrešaka obavljena je pomoću Dixonove metode i 3Ϭ testa. Zatim je prikazana detekcija sustavne pogreške na primjeru pravocrtnosti korištenjem tehnike preokreta i metode najmanjih kvadrata. U zadnjem poglavlju provedena je metoda usrednjavanja na simuliranim podacima zbog smanjenja slučajne pogreške. Ova analize nude korisne uvide i alate za poboljšanje preciznosti mjerenja u različitim kontekstima.The analysis and methods for detecting and correcting three types of measurement errors: outlier, systematic, and random, are discussed in this paper. First, the errors and their impact on measurements are described. Detection of outliers is performed using Dixon's method and the 3σ test. Then, detection of systematic errors is illustrated using the example of linearity by applying the reversal technique and the method of least squares. In the final chapter, averaging method is applied to simulated data to reduce random error. These analyses provide valuable insights and tools for improving measurement accuracy in various contexts