Discards in the common fisheries policy: the evolution of the policy

This chapter deals with the development of the European Union (EU) discard policy over time. It describes the process from 1992, when the issue of discards was first recognised in the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reform process, to the Landing Obligation (LO) adopted in 2013. It analyses the context to which policy choices were made that shaped the present format of the EU LO, how it is being implemented and the impact it is having on associated fisheries management measures. Finally, future possible policy developments are examined

HOW TO MANAGE SISTER SHIPS ON A SHIPBUILDING CAD TOOL. THE APPLICABILITY CONCEPT

As a result of the increased pressure to reduce cost and delivery times of modern ships, many shipyards are revising their processes and tools to manage and share information across all shipyard departments. An important part of this process is in many cases the implementation of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) Systems or an extended use of the PLM Systems to manage all the information that must be shared by the shipyard departments (engineering, purchasing, planning, operations, production, etc.). The solution presented in this paper for an advanced integration between the CAD and the PLM intends to comply with the most demanding requirements of the shipyards as well as to maintain the efficiency, the scalability and the performance of the shipbuilding CAD tool. This paper presents in detail the architecture of the applicability solution as well as the expected advantages and benefits for any shipyard. The use of specialized shipbuilding CAD Systems in a shipbuilding environments is crucial for the efficient design and manufacturing of ships. The scalability refers to both the number of CAD users and to the number of vessel items to be handled. Vessels are very complex products that may be composed of millions of items, requiring a large number of designers, accessing concurrently to the vessel product model. The design cycles of these vessels are usually very long and there are many design changes along the whole vessel lifecycle. Performance is another critical requirement, especially in the detail design and manufacturing stages, when the detail design is almost complete, there are hundreds of users working on the model, model changes are constant and information for the production processes must be provided continuously

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Complicated by Left Ventricular Apical Necrosis and Aneurysm in a Young Man: FDG-PET Findings

A 29-year old male was transferred to our hospital with an abnormal chest X-ray finding diagnosed as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with apical necrosis and aneurysm formation. Four years after the initial hospitalization, we confirmed the aneurysm and necrosis using both integrated positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) scanning. The F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET/CT enabled precise localization of the aneurysm, which was found to be composed of semi-lunar calcification of non-metabolic myocardium. A contrast-enhanced CT angiography showed an hour-glass appearance of the left ventricular cavity. The integrated PET/CT fusion scanner is a novel multimodality technology that allows for a comprehensive analysis of the anatomical and functional status of complex heart disease. Based on these findings, long standing mechanical and physiologic abnormalities may have led to chronic ischemia in the hypertrophied myocardium, induced necrosis and calcification at the cardiac apex

The EU Landing Obligation - Policy Intentions and Practical Reality

This presentation provides an overview of a keynote presentation given during a plenary session of the Industry and Policy Day held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The session was chaired by Hazel Curtis and the presentation was given by Ernesto Penas Lado.Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK

Fishing Industry Perspectives on the EU Landing Obligation

International audienceThe Landing Obligation (LO) represents a fundamental change in European Union fisheries policy and it has a particularly significant bearing on the activities of Europe’s fishing industry. This chapter provides an account of European fishing industry engagement with the discard issue prior to the LO and industry attitudes towards the LO. A discussion about discard management in Europe follows. The fishing industry had a consistent approach to discard management in the run-up to the LO enactment: they favoured fishery-specific discard reduction plans and were unanimously opposed to an outright ‘discard ban’. Canvassing fishers’ opinions from the North Sea (Denmark, France), Eastern and Western Mediterranean (Greece, Spain and France), the Celtic Sea (France, the UK and Ireland), Western English Channel (France) and the Azores between 2015 and 2018 reveals a consistent negative attitude towards the LO. We found that choke species are the main concern outside the Mediterranean Sea while in the Mediterranean region, the cost of disposal and the creation of a black market for juvenile fish are seen as the main negatives. Fishers recognise the necessity of reducing discards although zero discard fisheries are not seen as attainable. They favour a combination of selectivity improvements and spatial management as the best discard reduction measures. New measures to deal with intractable choke species problems are being sought by industry and Member State groups but the European Commission want existing measures to be utilised first. We discuss some potential consequences of negative stakeholders’ attitudes towards this key element of EU fisheries management policy. These include control and compliance challenges, associated business reputation problems for the industry, a longer LO implementation timescale, and deterioration in the quality of scientific data about discards